• [python] ORM 第一次注释


    不懂的东西还太多,就当是自己监督自己吧

    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    __author__ = 'Michael Liao'
    
    import asyncio, logging
    
    import aiomysql
    
    def log(sql, args=()):
        logging.info('SQL: %s' % sql)
    #用来打印sql的?args没有用到。
    
    async def create_pool(loop, **kw):
        # 建立一个异步io的连接池
        logging.info('create database connection pool...')
        # logging 的东西只是打印日志的
        global __pool
        # 这个pool的即使全局变量,他又想不让其他人调用
        # 创建的方法就是 aiomysql.create_pool
        #kw的得取方法倒是知道了,it is kw.get('host','default')
        #if do not have defaultvalue, just kw['port']
        __pool = await aiomysql.create_pool(
            host=kw.get('host', 'localhost'),
            port=kw.get('port', 3306),
            user=kw['user'],
            password=kw['password'],
            db=kw['db'],
            charset=kw.get('charset', 'utf8'),
            autocommit=kw.get('autocommit', True),
            maxsize=kw.get('maxsize', 10),
            minsize=kw.get('minsize', 1),
            loop=loop
            #这个 loop = loop get不到。
        )
    
    async def select(sql, args, size=None):
        # all the opreating nead the asyncio
        log(sql, args)
        # 这个以后已经拼接好了???
        global __pool
        async with __pool.get() as conn:
            #连接上,然后使用这个连接的get方法,as 为conn
            async with conn.cursor(aiomysql.DictCursor) as cur:
                #使用conn的 cursor AS 为 cur
                await cur.execute(sql.replace('?', '%s'), args or ())
                #游标执行占位符转换 ‘?’ → ‘%s’
                if size:
                    #这个 size 哪里来的啊???
                    #大哥,上边的size已经定义出来了。
                    #None 就和False一样
                    rs = await cur.fetchmany(size)
                else:
                    rs = await cur.fetchall()
            logging.info('rows returned: %s' % len(rs))
            #这里就是返回值了
            return rs
            # rs 就是这个rows
    
    async def execute(sql, args, autocommit=True):
        log(sql)
        #这里就是sql中的执行,好像还不是commit
        async with __pool.get() as conn:
            #仍然是用实例化出来的__pool 的get函数来建立一个连接 conn
            if not autocommit:
                #不太清楚在什么情况下这个autocommit 会 = False
                await conn.begin()
            try:
                async with conn.cursor(aiomysql.DictCursor) as cur:
                    #还是用连接创建游标
                    await cur.execute(sql.replace('?', '%s'), args)
                    #替换cursor的占位符
                    affected = cur.rowcount
                if not autocommit:
                    #这个 atuocommit的作用还是没明白
                    await conn.commit()
            except BaseException as e:
                if not autocommit:
                    await conn.rollback()
                raise
            return affected
    
    def create_args_string(num):
        #创建评论参数字符串???
        L = []
        for n in range(num):
            L.append('?')
        return ', '.join(L)
    
    class Field(object):
        #类型的被继承类
    
        def __init__(self, name, column_type, primary_key, default):
            self.name = name
            self.column_type = column_type
            self.primary_key = primary_key
            self.default = default
    
        def __str__(self):
            return '<%s, %s:%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.column_type, self.name)
    
    class StringField(Field):
        #字符,全都继承了Field
    
        def __init__(self, name=None, primary_key=False, default=None, ddl='varchar(100)'):
            super().__init__(name, ddl, primary_key, default)
    
    class BooleanField(Field):
        #布尔
    
        def __init__(self, name=None, default=False):
            super().__init__(name, 'boolean', False, default)
    
    class IntegerField(Field):
        #整型
    
        def __init__(self, name=None, primary_key=False, default=0):
            super().__init__(name, 'bigint', primary_key, default)
    
    class FloatField(Field):
        #浮点
    
        def __init__(self, name=None, primary_key=False, default=0.0):
            super().__init__(name, 'real', primary_key, default)
    
    class TextField(Field):
        #文本
    
        def __init__(self, name=None, default=None):
            super().__init__(name, 'text', False, default)
    
    class ModelMetaclass(type):
        #继承type
    
        def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
            # 这应该是新建方法
            if name=='Model':
                return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
            #如果name 为 Model 我直接return type的 new方法???
            tableName = attrs.get('__table__', None) or name
            # 这个attr 是和**kw 的get 是一个意思吗??
            logging.info('found model: %s (table: %s)' % (name, tableName))
            #打印这个table
            mappings = dict()
            #把mappings 定义出来[]
            fields = []
            primaryKey = None
            #一直没太明白这个 primaryKey 的含义。
            for k, v in attrs.items():
                # attr的 type是??
                if isinstance(v, Field):
                    logging.info('  found mapping: %s ==> %s' % (k, v))
                    mappings[k] = v
                    #用mappings 建立这个k v 的对应关系
                    if v.primary_key:
                        # 找到主键: fengge的注释
                        #这里要处理我前边是for 出来的
                        if primaryKey:
                            #也就是说我这里默认不raise这个Error
                            raise StandardError('Duplicate primary key for field: %s' % k)
                            #!!!不知道为啥我这里的StandardError 报错了。
                        primaryKey = k
                        #这个时候我的 primaryKey 复制为k 就好比id
                    else:
                        fields.append(k)
                        #如果不是主键,就简单的append进去
                        #但是主键好像没有被append啊
            if not primaryKey:
                raise StandardError('Primary key not found.')
                # !!!不知道为啥我这里的StandardError 报错了。
                #这里我看明白了,就是没找到主键
            for k in mappings.keys():
                attrs.pop(k)
                #这里为啥要把attrs里边的k pop出来?
                #而且mappings.key??? 还只有这两个地方有
            escaped_fields = list(map(lambda f: '`%s`' % f, fields))
            #这里是将fields 里边的所有sql 都给处理成 `sql` ??
            #明白了,attrs是dict
            attrs['__mappings__'] = mappings # 保存属性和列的映射关系
            attrs['__table__'] = tableName
            attrs['__primary_key__'] = primaryKey # 主键属性名
            attrs['__fields__'] = fields # 除主键外的属性名
            attrs['__select__'] = 'select `%s`, %s from `%s`' % (primaryKey, ', '.join(escaped_fields), tableName)
            attrs['__insert__'] = 'insert into `%s` (%s, `%s`) values (%s)' % (tableName, ', '.join(escaped_fields), primaryKey, create_args_string(len(escaped_fields) + 1))
            attrs['__update__'] = 'update `%s` set %s where `%s`=?' % (tableName, ', '.join(map(lambda f: '`%s`=?' % (mappings.get(f).name or f), fields)), primaryKey)
            attrs['__delete__'] = 'delete from `%s` where `%s`=?' % (tableName, primaryKey)
            # 这是他们的4个基础语句  那 left join 哪些呢??
            return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
    
    class Model(dict, metaclass=ModelMetaclass):
        #实例化Model 的时候 也顺带着将ModelMetaclass 也实例化出来了?
    
        def __init__(self, **kw):
            super(Model, self).__init__(**kw)
            #这里是说继承父类的所有参数吗?
    
        def __getattr__(self, key):
            try:
                return self[key]
                #getattr的时候return
            except KeyError:
                raise AttributeError(r"'Model' object has no attribute '%s'" % key)
    
        def __setattr__(self, key, value):
            self[key] = value
            #set的时候直接把value也传过来了。
    
        def getValue(self, key):
            return getattr(self, key, None)
    
        def getValueOrDefault(self, key):
            value = getattr(self, key, None)
            if value is None:
                field = self.__mappings__[key]
                #如果是空就mappings??
                if field.default is not None:
                    value = field.default() if callable(field.default) else field.default
                    #如果不是空 就置给value
                    logging.debug('using default value for %s: %s' % (key, str(value)))
                    setattr(self, key, value)
                    #然后还要setattr
            return value
    
        @classmethod
        async def findAll(cls, where=None, args=None, **kw):
            ' find objects by where clause. '
            sql = [cls.__select__]
            if where:
                sql.append('where')
                sql.append(where)
                #这里是处理where语句的??
            if args is None:
                args = []
            orderBy = kw.get('orderBy', None)
            if orderBy:
                sql.append('order by')
                sql.append(orderBy)
                #处理 orderby?
            limit = kw.get('limit', None)
            if limit is not None:
                sql.append('limit')
                #这里的limit 是啥啊。。。
                if isinstance(limit, int):
                    sql.append('?')
                    args.append(limit)
                elif isinstance(limit, tuple) and len(limit) == 2:
                    sql.append('?, ?')
                    args.extend(limit)
                else:
                    raise ValueError('Invalid limit value: %s' % str(limit))
            rs = await select(' '.join(sql), args)
            return [cls(**r) for r in rs]
    
        @classmethod
        async def findNumber(cls, selectField, where=None, args=None):
            ' find number by select and where. '
            #为了查找什么number呢?
            sql = ['select %s _num_ from `%s`' % (selectField, cls.__table__)]
            if where:
                sql.append('where')
                sql.append(where)
            rs = await select(' '.join(sql), args, 1)
            if len(rs) == 0:
                return None
            return rs[0]['_num_']
    
        @classmethod
        async def find(cls, pk):
            ' find object by primary key. '
            rs = await select('%s where `%s`=?' % (cls.__select__, cls.__primary_key__), [pk], 1)
            if len(rs) == 0:
                return None
            return cls(**rs[0])
    
        async def save(self):
            args = list(map(self.getValueOrDefault, self.__fields__))
            args.append(self.getValueOrDefault(self.__primary_key__))
            rows = await execute(self.__insert__, args)
            if rows != 1:
                logging.warn('failed to insert record: affected rows: %s' % rows)
    
        async def update(self):
            args = list(map(self.getValue, self.__fields__))
            args.append(self.getValue(self.__primary_key__))
            rows = await execute(self.__update__, args)
            if rows != 1:
                logging.warn('failed to update by primary key: affected rows: %s' % rows)
    
        async def remove(self):
            args = [self.getValue(self.__primary_key__)]
            rows = await execute(self.__delete__, args)
            if rows != 1:
                logging.warn('failed to remove by primary key: affected rows: %s' % rows)
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/danjawwi/p/6225352.html
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