• LR12中针对WebServices协议的三种脚本开发模式


    一,webservices协议简介

          webservices是建立可交互操作的分布式应用程序的新平台,它通过一系列的标准和协议来保证程序之间的动态连接,

    其中最基本的协议包括soap,wsdl,uddi.

    1,SOAP(simple object access protocl)

    SOAP是消息传递协议,它规定了web services之间如何传递消息。SOAP基于xml和xsd,xml是soap的数据编码方式。

    2,WSDL(web services Description Language)

    WSDL是web services的定义语言,和soap一起构成web服务的核心结构单元。wsdl协议规定了有关webservices描述的标准。

    3,UDDI(Universal Description,Discovery,and Intergration)

    UDDI是访问登记的标准,它建立了一个平台独立,开放的框架,通过英特网来描述服务,发现业务并整合业务服务。简单来说

    UDDI用于集中存放和查找wsdl描述文件,起着目录服务器的作用。

    二,我们在性能测试的工作中,难免会遇到webservices协议的接口,这里我简单介绍一下用loadrunner12来开发webservices协议脚本

    的三种模式,咱们就以天气预报的网站来为例吧:

    1,web_service_call模式

    1)启动“virtual user Generator”,新建“web services”虚拟用户,

    2)选择上方SOA Tool中的Add Service Call,如下图

    3)弹出New Web Service Call对话框,选择Service-import service

    4)输入要测试的网址

    5)下面选择Operation,输入城市,以及设置获取返回值参数

    6)点击OK后,得到下面的脚本

    Action()
    {   
    	web_service_call( 
    	"StepName=getWeatherbyCityName_104", //步骤名称
    	"SOAPMethod=WeatherWebService|WeatherWebServiceSoap|getWeatherbyCityName", //服务名称|soap获取哪个接口
    	"ResponseParam=response",    //返回的参数信息
    	"Service=WeatherWebService",  //webservices的服务
    	"ExpectedResponse=SoapResult",   //请求返回的信息
    	"Snapshot=t1555545923.inf",    //快照
    	BEGIN_ARGUMENTS,      //输入参数开始
    	"theCityName=广州",   //请求的参数与值
    	END_ARGUMENTS,     //结束参数
    	BEGIN_RESULT,         //返回值的开始
    	"getWeatherbyCityNameResult/*[1]=Param_string",    //保存返回参数
    	END_RESULT,     //返回值结束
    	LAST);
    
    	
    	return 0;
    }
    

      6)然后做参数化,断言

    Action()
    {   
    	lr_start_transaction("获取天气预报");
    
    	
    	web_service_call(
    	"StepName=getWeatherbyCityName_104", //步骤名称
    	"SOAPMethod=WeatherWebService|WeatherWebServiceSoap|getWeatherbyCityName", //服务名称|soap获取哪个接口
    	"ResponseParam=response",    //返回的参数信息
    	"Service=WeatherWebService",  //webservices的服务
    	"ExpectedResponse=SoapResult",   //请求返回的信息
    	"Snapshot=t1555545923.inf",    //快照
    	BEGIN_ARGUMENTS,      //输入参数开始
    	"theCityName={city_name}",   //请求的参数与值
    	END_ARGUMENTS,     //结束参数
    	BEGIN_RESULT,         //返回值的开始
    	"getWeatherbyCityNameResult/*[2]=Param_string",    //保存返回参数
    	END_RESULT,     //返回值结束
    	LAST);
        
    	if(strcmp(lr_eval_string("{Param_string}"),lr_eval_string("{city_name}"))==0)
    	{
    		lr_end_transaction("获取天气预报",LR_PASS);
    	}
    	else
    	{
    		lr_end_transaction("获取天气预报",LR_FAIL);
    	}
    	
    	return 0;
    }
    

      7)最后保存,设置日志级别,然后Replay我们的脚本

    2,soap_request模式

    1)打开WeatherWebService网站,

    2)复制上面的代码,在notepad++中新建一个文件,将代码粘贴上去,保存到D盘,然后在loadrunner12中

    点击下图的import SOAP

    3)在对话框中,我们输入保存的xml文件地址,输入URL,URL=http://{Host}+{POST}  参数从

    上图所示取,输入对应的SOAPAction,具体如下图所示

    4)点击OK,生成下面的脚本

    Action()
    {   
    	
    	
    	soap_request("StepName=SOAP Request",
    		"URL=http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx",										
    		"SOAPEnvelope="
    		"<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">"
    			"<soap:Body>"
    				"<getWeatherbyCityName xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">"
    					"<theCityName>广州</theCityName>"
    				"</getWeatherbyCityName>"
    			"</soap:Body>"
    		"</soap:Envelope>",										
    		"SOAPAction=http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeatherbyCityName",										
    		"ResponseParam=response",										
    		"Snapshot=t1555549382.inf",									    
    		LAST);
    
    	
    	return 0;
    }
    

     5)这里有个难题就是如何做xml断言?我们看一下下图的响应示例

    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
    Content-Length: length
    
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
      <soap12:Body>
        <getWeatherbyCityNameResponse xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
          <getWeatherbyCityNameResult>
            <string>string</string>
            <string>string</string>
          </getWeatherbyCityNameResult>
        </getWeatherbyCityNameResponse>
      </soap12:Body>
    </soap12:Envelope>
    

     这里引入lr_xml_get_values函数来获取xml的返回值

    XPath query中填入city值的xpath定位的绝对路径:/Envelope/Body/getWeatherbyCityNameResponse/getWeatherbyCityNameResult/string[2]

    6)最后加入事物函数,做断言

    Action()
    {   
    	lr_convert_string_encoding(lr_eval_string("{city_name}"),NULL,"utf-8","city");
    	lr_save_string(lr_eval_string("{city}"),"cityName");
    	
    	lr_start_transaction("获取天气预报");
    
    	soap_request("StepName=SOAP Request",
    		"URL=http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx",										
    		"SOAPEnvelope="
    		"<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">"
    			"<soap:Body>"
    				"<getWeatherbyCityName xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">"
    					"<theCityName>{cityName}</theCityName>"
    				"</getWeatherbyCityName>"
    			"</soap:Body>"
    		"</soap:Envelope>",										
    		"SOAPAction=http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeatherbyCityName",										
    		"ResponseParam=response",										
    		"Snapshot=t1555549382.inf",									    
    		LAST);
        lr_convert_string_encoding(lr_eval_string("{response}"),"utf-8",NULL,"msg");
        
    
    	lr_xml_get_values(
        	"XML={response}",
        	"Query=/Envelope/Body/getWeatherbyCityNameResponse/getWeatherbyCityNameResult/string[2]",
    	                  "ValueParam=city_code",
    	                  LAST);
        lr_output_message("返回城市名称:%s",lr_eval_string("city_code"));
    	
        if(strcmp(lr_eval_string("{city_code}"),lr_eval_string("{city_name}"))==0)
        {
        	lr_end_transaction("获取天气预报", LR_PASS);
        }
        else
        {
        	lr_end_transaction("获取天气预报", LR_FAIL);
        }
       
    
    	return 0;
    }
    

    7)保存后点击Replay,得到下面的结果:

    3,web_custom_request模式

    输入对应的URL,body里面输入SOAP的请求体,点击确定,最后生成如下的代码

    Action()
    {
    	web_custom_request("web_services",
    		"URL=http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx",
    		"Method=POST",
    		"TargetFrame=",
    		"Resource=1",
    		"Referer=",
    		"Mode=HTTP",
    		"EncType=application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8",
    		"Body=<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>"
    "<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">"
      "<soap12:Body>"
        "<getWeatherbyCityName xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">"
          "<theCityName>59287</theCityName>"
        "</getWeatherbyCityName>"
      "</soap12:Body>"
    "</soap12:Envelope>",
    		LAST);
    
    	
    	return 0;
    }
    

      后面做脚本强化就行了。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dalongNOTES/p/10727919.html
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