• Android Http请求方法汇总

    http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1351324240738.html

    这篇文章主要实现了在Android中使用JDK的HttpURLConnection和Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源，服务端采用python+flask编写，使用Servlet太麻烦了。关于Http协议的相关知识，可以在网上查看相关资料。代码比较简单，就不详细解释了。

    1. 使用JDK中HttpURLConnection访问网络资源

    (1)get请求

    01 public String executeHttpGet() {
    02         String result = null;
    03         URL url = null;
    04         HttpURLConnection connection = null;
    05         InputStreamReader in = null;
    06         try {
    07             url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou");
    08             connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    09             in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream());
    10             BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in);
    11             StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer();
    12             String line = null;
    13             while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
    14                 strBuffer.append(line);
    15             }
    16             result = strBuffer.toString();
    17         } catch (Exception e) {
    18             e.printStackTrace();
    19         } finally {
    20             if (connection != null) {
    21                 connection.disconnect();
    22             }
    23             if (in != null) {
    24                 try {
    25                     in.close();
    26                 } catch (IOException e) {
    27                     e.printStackTrace();
    28                 }
    29             }
    30  
    31         }
    32         return result;
    33     }

    注意：因为是通过android模拟器访问本地pc服务端，所以不能使用localhost和127.0.0.1，使用127.0.0.1会访问模拟器自身。Android系统为实现通信将PC的IP设置为10.0.2.2

    (2)post请求

    01 public String executeHttpPost() {
    02         String result = null;
    03         URL url = null;
    04         HttpURLConnection connection = null;
    05         InputStreamReader in = null;
    06         try {
    07             url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/");
    08             connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    09             connection.setDoInput(true);
    10             connection.setDoOutput(true);
    11             connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
    12             connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
    13             connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "utf-8");
    14             DataOutputStream dop = new DataOutputStream(
    15                     connection.getOutputStream());
    16             dop.writeBytes("token=alexzhou");
    17             dop.flush();
    18             dop.close();
    19  
    20             in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream());
    21             BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in);
    22             StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer();
    23             String line = null;
    24             while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
    25                 strBuffer.append(line);
    26             }
    27             result = strBuffer.toString();
    28         } catch (Exception e) {
    29             e.printStackTrace();
    30         } finally {
    31             if (connection != null) {
    32                 connection.disconnect();
    33             }
    34             if (in != null) {
    35                 try {
    36                     in.close();
    37                 } catch (IOException e) {
    38                     e.printStackTrace();
    39                 }
    40             }
    41  
    42         }
    43         return result;
    44     }

    如果参数中有中文的话，可以使用下面的方式进行编码解码：

    1 URLEncoder.encode("测试","utf-8")
    2 URLDecoder.decode("测试","utf-8");

    2.使用Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源
    (1)get请求

    01 public String executeGet() {
    02         String result = null;
    03         BufferedReader reader = null;
    04         try {
    05             HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
    06             HttpGet request = new HttpGet();
    07             request.setURI(new URI(
    08                     "http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou"));
    09             HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
    10             reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response
    11                     .getEntity().getContent()));
    12  
    13             StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("");
    14             String line = null;
    15             while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
    16                 strBuffer.append(line);
    17             }
    18             result = strBuffer.toString();
    19  
    20         } catch (Exception e) {
    21             e.printStackTrace();
    22         } finally {
    23             if (reader != null) {
    24                 try {
    25                     reader.close();
    26                     reader = null;
    27                 } catch (IOException e) {
    28                     e.printStackTrace();
    29                 }
    30             }
    31         }
    32  
    33         return result;
    34     }

    （2）post请求

    01 public String executePost() {
    02         String result = null;
    03         BufferedReader reader = null;
    04         try {
    05             HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
    06             HttpPost request = new HttpPost();
    07             request.setURI(new URI("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/"));
    08             List<NameValuePair> postParameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
    09             postParameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("token", "alexzhou"));
    10             UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(
    11                     postParameters);
    12             request.setEntity(formEntity);
    13  
    14             HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
    15             reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response
    16                     .getEntity().getContent()));
    17  
    18             StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("");
    19             String line = null;
    20             while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
    21                 strBuffer.append(line);
    22             }
    23             result = strBuffer.toString();
    24  
    25         } catch (Exception e) {
    26             e.printStackTrace();
    27         } finally {
    28             if (reader != null) {
    29                 try {
    30                     reader.close();
    31                     reader = null;
    32                 } catch (IOException e) {
    33                     e.printStackTrace();
    34                 }
    35             }
    36         }
    37  
    38         return result;
    39     }

    3.服务端代码实现
    上面是采用两种方式的get和post请求的代码，下面来实现服务端的代码编写，使用python+flask真的非常的简单，就一个文件，前提是你得搭建好python+flask的环境，代码如下：

    01 #coding=utf-8
    02  
    03 import json
    04 from flask import Flask,request,render_template
    05  
    06 app = Flask(__name__)
    07  
    08 def send_ok_json(data=None):
    09     if not data:
    10         data = {}
    11     ok_json = {'ok':True,'reason':'','data':data}
    12     return json.dumps(ok_json)
    13  
    14 @app.route('/data/get/',methods=['GET'])
    15 def data_get():
    16     token = request.args.get('token')
    17     ret = '%s**%s' %(token,'get')
    18     return send_ok_json(ret)
    19  
    20 @app.route('/data/post/',methods=['POST'])
    21 def data_post():
    22     token = request.form.get('token')
    23     ret = '%s**%s' %(token,'post')
    24     return send_ok_json(ret)
    25  
    26 if __name__ == "__main__":
    27     app.run(host="localhost",port=8888,debug=True)

    运行服务器，如图：

    4. 编写单元测试代码
    右击项目：new–》Source Folder取名tests，包名是：com.alexzhou.androidhttp.test（随便取，没有要求），结构如图：


    在该包下创建测试类HttpTest，继承自AndroidTestCase。编写这四种方式的测试方法，代码如下:

    01 public class HttpTest extends AndroidTestCase {
    02  
    03     @Override
    04     protected void setUp() throws Exception {
    05         Log.e("HttpTest", "setUp");
    06     }
    07  
    08     @Override
    09     protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
    10         Log.e("HttpTest", "tearDown");
    11     }
    12  
    13     public void testExecuteGet() {
    14         Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteGet");
    15         HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
    16         String result = client.executeGet();
    17         Log.e("HttpTest", result);
    18     }
    19  
    20     public void testExecutePost() {
    21         Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecutePost");
    22         HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
    23         String result = client.executePost();
    24         Log.e("HttpTest", result);
    25     }
    26  
    27     public void testExecuteHttpGet() {
    28         Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteHttpGet");
    29         HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
    30         String result = client.executeHttpGet();
    31         Log.e("HttpTest", result);
    32     }
    33  
    34     public void testExecuteHttpPost() {
    35         Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteHttpPost");
    36         HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
    37         String result = client.executeHttpPost();
    38         Log.e("HttpTest", result);
    39     }
    40 }

    附上HttpClientTest.java的其他代码：

    01 public class HttpClientTest {
    02  
    03     private static final Object mSyncObject = new Object();
    04     private static HttpClientTest mInstance;
    05  
    06     private HttpClientTest() {
    07  
    08     }
    09  
    10     public static HttpClientTest getInstance() {
    11         synchronized (mSyncObject) {
    12             if (mInstance != null) {
    13                 return mInstance;
    14             }
    15             mInstance = new HttpClientTest();
    16         }
    17         return mInstance;
    18     }
    19  
    20   /**...上面的四个方法...*/
    21 }

    现在还需要修改Android项目的配置文件AndroidManifest.xml，添加网络访问权限和单元测试的配置，AndroidManifest.xml配置文件的全部代码如下：

    01 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    02     package="com.alexzhou.androidhttp"
    03     android:versionCode="1"
    04     android:versionName="1.0" >
    05  
    06     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    07  
    08     <uses-sdk
    09         android:minSdkVersion="8"
    10         android:targetSdkVersion="15" />
    11  
    12     <application
    13         android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
    14         android:label="@string/app_name"
    15         android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
    16         <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
    17  
    18         <activity
    19             android:name=".MainActivity"
    20             android:label="@string/title_activity_main" >
    21             <intent-filter>
    22                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
    23  
    24                 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
    25             </intent-filter>
    26         </activity>
    27     </application>
    28  
    29     <instrumentation
    30         android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"
    31         android:targetPackage="com.alexzhou.androidhttp" />
    32  
    33 </manifest>

    注意：
    android:name=”android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner”这部分不用更改
    android:targetPackage=”com.alexzhou.androidhttp”，填写应用程序的包名

    5.测试结果
    展开测试类HttpTest，依次选中这四个测试方法，右击：Run As–》Android Junit Test。
    (1)运行testExecuteHttpGet，结果如图：
    (2)运行testExecuteHttpPost，结果如图：
    (3)运行testExecuteGet，结果如图：
    (4)运行testExecutePost，结果如图：

    转载请注明来自：Alex Zhou，本文链接：http://codingnow.cn/android/723.html
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/daishuguang/p/3661443.html
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