• Spring 学习 之 再探publish-event机制


    之前的文章链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41907991/article/details/88544777
    我们要知道的是,Spring的publish-event使用的是监听者模式

    监听者模式包含了一个监听者Listener与之对应的事件Event,还有一个事件发布者EventPublish,过程就是EventPublish发布一个事件,被监听者捕获到,然后执行事件相应的方法

    监听者模式跟观察者模式的区别:

    观察者模式是一对多的模式,一个被观察者Observable和多个观察者Observer,被观察者中存储了所有的观察者对象,当被观察者接收到一个外界的消息,就会遍历广播推算消息给所有的观察者

    1. 首先我们看下两个发布事件的方法,可以发现,最后都会调到void publishEvent(Object event)
    public interface ApplicationEventPublisher {
    
       default void publishEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
          publishEvent((Object) event);
       }
        
       void publishEvent(Object event);
    
    }
    
    1. 继续跟踪代码:

      protected void publishEvent(Object event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
         Assert.notNull(event, "Event must not be null");
      
         // 如果是一个ApplicationEvent,就强转
         // 如果不是的话,包装成一个PayloadApplicationEvent
         ApplicationEvent applicationEvent;
         if (event instanceof ApplicationEvent) {
            applicationEvent = (ApplicationEvent) event;
         }
         else {
            applicationEvent = new PayloadApplicationEvent<>(this, event);
            if (eventType == null) {
                // 包装成一个PayloadApplicationEvent,并获取实际的带泛型的事件类型
                // 比如PayloadApplicationEvent<MyEvent>
               eventType = ((PayloadApplicationEvent<?>) applicationEvent).getResolvableType();
            }
         }
      
         // Multicast right now if possible - or lazily once the multicaster is initialized
         if (this.earlyApplicationEvents != null) {
            this.earlyApplicationEvents.add(applicationEvent);
         }
         else {
             // 1.获取一个applicationEventMulticaster
             // 2.广播事件
            getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(applicationEvent, eventType);
         }
      
         // 如果当前容易存在父容器,父容器也要发布事件
         if (this.parent != null) {
            if (this.parent instanceof AbstractApplicationContext) {
               ((AbstractApplicationContext) this.parent).publishEvent(event, eventType);
            }
            else {
               this.parent.publishEvent(event);
            }
         }
      }
      
      1. 我们来看下ApplicationEventMulticaster的初始化
      protected void initApplicationEventMulticaster() {
      		ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
          // 我们自定义了ApplicationEventMulticaster,就直接用我们自定义的
      		if (beanFactory.containsLocalBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME)) {
      			this.applicationEventMulticaster =
      					beanFactory.getBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, ApplicationEventMulticaster.class);
      			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
      				logger.trace("Using ApplicationEventMulticaster [" + this.applicationEventMulticaster + "]");
      			}
      		}
      		else {
                  // 如果我们没定义ApplicationEventMulticaster,默认使用SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster
      			this.applicationEventMulticaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster(beanFactory);
      			beanFactory.registerSingleton(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, this.applicationEventMulticaster);
      			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
      				logger.trace("No '" + APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME + "' bean, using " +
      						"[" + this.applicationEventMulticaster.getClass().getSimpleName() + "]");
      			}
      		}
      	}
      

      ​ 通过这段代码,我们可以知道,我们如果申明了一个ApplicationEventMulticaster类,会覆盖默认的SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster。

      1. 注册监听者
      protected void registerListeners() {
         // 把提前存储好的监听器添加到监听器容器中
         for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners()) {
            getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListener(listener);
         }
      
         // Do not initialize FactoryBeans here: We need to leave all regular beans
         // uninitialized to let post-processors apply to them!
         String[] listenerBeanNames = getBeanNamesForType(ApplicationListener.class, true, false);
         for (String listenerBeanName : listenerBeanNames) {
            getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListenerBean(listenerBeanName);
         }
      
         // Publish early application events now that we finally have a multicaster...
         Set<ApplicationEvent> earlyEventsToProcess = this.earlyApplicationEvents;
         this.earlyApplicationEvents = null;
         if (earlyEventsToProcess != null) {
            for (ApplicationEvent earlyEvent : earlyEventsToProcess) {
               getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(earlyEvent);
            }
         }
      }
      
      1. 看完上面的代码,我相信大家多spring的publish-event机制已经有了一定的了解,现在我们再来探讨一个问题-------怎么实现异步机制

      我继续看getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(applicationEvent, eventType)这段代码:

      @Override
      public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
         ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event));
         for (final ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) {
            Executor executor = getTaskExecutor();
            if (executor != null) {
               executor.execute(() -> invokeListener(listener, event));
            }
            else {
               invokeListener(listener, event);
            }
         }
      }
      

      可以发现,在通知监听者的时候,会去检查ApplicationEventMulticaster对象中是否配置了Executor执行器,如果配置了的话,会将invokeListener(listener, event)封装成一个线程可执行任务,然后给执行器执行。

      这样的话,我们可以自定义一个ApplicationEventMulticaster:

      //需要注意的是,我们的名字一定要叫applicationEventMulticaster,否则不生效,回头看下源码就明白了
      @Component(&quot;applicationEventMulticaster&quot;)
      public class MyMulticaster extends SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster {
      
          @Override
          protected Executor getTaskExecutor() {
              // 这里可以按实际需求进行线程池的配置
              return new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor();
          }
      
          /**
           * 这个方法主要配置错误处理,默认只会打一个警告级别的日志
           *
           * @return
           */
          @Override
          protected ErrorHandler getErrorHandler() {
              return (t -&gt; {
                  System.out.println(&quot;出错了&quot;);
              });
          }
      }
      

      通过上面的配置后,我们所有的publish-event都会通过异步的机制去执行,但是我们想一个问题,有时候我们不想异步呢?一部分我们想同步,一部分想异步,这个时候怎么做呢?我们可以通过下面这种方式:

      • 配置类上加注解@EnableAsync

      • // 执行的方法上加@Async注解
        @EventListener
        @Async
        public void on(MySecondEvent event) throws Exception {
          
        }
        

      这样通过aop的方式,会将我们的方法采用异步的方式进行执行。我们没有配置线程池的时候可能会报错:

      org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.core.task.TaskExecutor' available
      

      不过我们方法还是会异步执行,这主要是下面这段代码:

      protected Executor getDefaultExecutor(@Nullable BeanFactory beanFactory) {
         if (beanFactory != null) {
            try {
            	// 在这里会抛出一个NoSuchBeanDefinitionException
               return beanFactory.getBean(TaskExecutor.class);
            }
            catch (NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException ex) {
               logger.debug("Could not find unique TaskExecutor bean", ex);
               try {
                  return beanFactory.getBean(DEFAULT_TASK_EXECUTOR_BEAN_NAME, Executor.class);
               }
               catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex2) {
                  if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                     logger.info("More than one TaskExecutor bean found within the context, and none is named " +
                           "'taskExecutor'. Mark one of them as primary or name it 'taskExecutor' (possibly " +
                           "as an alias) in order to use it for async processing: " + ex.getBeanNamesFound());
                  }
               }
            }
             // 这里被捕获
            catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
               logger.debug("Could not find default TaskExecutor bean", ex);
               try {
                 // 我们也没有定义一个名字是DEFAULT_TASK_EXECUTOR_BEAN_NAME = "taskExecutor"
                   // 的线程池
                  return beanFactory.getBean(DEFAULT_TASK_EXECUTOR_BEAN_NAME, Executor.class);
               }
               catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex2) {
                  logger.info("No task executor bean found for async processing: " +
                        "no bean of type TaskExecutor and no bean named 'taskExecutor' either");
               }
               // Giving up -> either using local default executor or none at all...
            }
         }
          // 最后会返回一个null
         return null;
      }
      
      @Override
      @Nullable
      // 最后会返回一个SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor
      protected Executor getDefaultExecutor(@Nullable BeanFactory beanFactory) {
         Executor defaultExecutor = super.getDefaultExecutor(beanFactory);
         return (defaultExecutor != null ? defaultExecutor : new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor());
      }
      
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/daimzh/p/12854438.html
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