需要使用Spring来实现一个Cache简单的解决方案,具体需求如下:使用任意一个现有开源Cache Framework,要求可以Cache系统中Service或则DAO层的get/find等方法返回结果,如果数据更新(使用Create/update/delete方法),则刷新cache中相应的内容。
根据需求,计划使用Spring AOP + ehCache来实现这个功能,采用ehCache原因之一是Spring提供了ehCache的支持,至于为何仅仅支持ehCache而不支持osCache和JBossCache无从得知(Hibernate???),但毕竟Spring提供了支持,可以减少一部分工作量:)。二是后来实现了OSCache和JBoss Cache的方式后,经过简单测试发现几个Cache在效率上没有太大的区别(不考虑集群),决定采用ehCahce。
AOP嘛,少不了拦截器,先创建一个实现了MethodInterceptor接口的拦截器,用来拦截Service/DAO的方法调用,拦截到方法后,搜索该方法的结果在cache中是否存在,如果存在,返回cache中的缓存结果,如果不存在,返回查询数据库的结果,并将结果缓存到cache中。
MethodCacheInterceptor.java
- package com.co.cache.ehcache;
- import java.io.Serializable;
- import net.sf.ehcache.Cache;
- import net.sf.ehcache.Element;
- import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
- import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
- import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
- import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
- import org.springframework.util.Assert;
- public class MethodCacheInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor, InitializingBean
- {
- private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(MethodCacheInterceptor.class);
- private Cache cache;
- public void setCache(Cache cache) {
- this.cache = cache;
- }
- public MethodCacheInterceptor() {
- super();
- }
- /**
- * 拦截Service/DAO的方法,并查找该结果是否存在,如果存在就返回cache中的值,
- * 否则,返回数据库查询结果,并将查询结果放入cache
- */
- public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
- String targetName = invocation.getThis().getClass().getName();
- String methodName = invocation.getMethod().getName();
- Object[] arguments = invocation.getArguments();
- Object result;
- logger.debug("Find object from cache is " + cache.getName());
- String cacheKey = getCacheKey(targetName, methodName, arguments);
- Element element = cache.get(cacheKey);
- if (element == null) {
- logger.debug("Hold up method , Get method result and create cache........!");
- result = invocation.proceed();
- element = new Element(cacheKey, (Serializable) result);
- cache.put(element);
- }
- return element.getValue();
- }
- /**
- * 获得cache key的方法,cache key是Cache中一个Element的唯一标识
- * cache key包括 包名+类名+方法名,如com.co.cache.service.UserServiceImpl.getAllUser
- */
- private String getCacheKey(String targetName, String methodName, Object[] arguments) {
- StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
- sb.append(targetName).append(".").append(methodName);
- if ((arguments != null) && (arguments.length != 0)) {
- for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
- sb.append(".").append(arguments[i]);
- }
- }
- return sb.toString();
- }
- /**
- * implement InitializingBean,检查cache是否为空
- */
- public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
- Assert.notNull(cache, "Need a cache. Please use setCache(Cache) create it.");
- }
- }
- package com.co.cache.ehcache;
- import java.io.Serializable;
- import net.sf.ehcache.Cache;
- import net.sf.ehcache.Element;
- import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
- import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
- import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
- import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
- import org.springframework.util.Assert;
- public class MethodCacheInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor, InitializingBean
- {
- private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(MethodCacheInterceptor.class);
- private Cache cache;
- public void setCache(Cache cache) {
- this.cache = cache;
- }
- public MethodCacheInterceptor() {
- super();
- }
- /**
- * 拦截Service/DAO的方法,并查找该结果是否存在,如果存在就返回cache中的值,
- * 否则,返回数据库查询结果,并将查询结果放入cache
- */
- public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
- String targetName = invocation.getThis().getClass().getName();
- String methodName = invocation.getMethod().getName();
- Object[] arguments = invocation.getArguments();
- Object result;
- logger.debug("Find object from cache is " + cache.getName());
- String cacheKey = getCacheKey(targetName, methodName, arguments);
- Element element = cache.get(cacheKey);
- if (element == null) {
- logger.debug("Hold up method , Get method result and create cache........!");
- result = invocation.proceed();
- element = new Element(cacheKey, (Serializable) result);
- cache.put(element);
- }
- return element.getValue();
- }
- /**
- * 获得cache key的方法,cache key是Cache中一个Element的唯一标识
- * cache key包括 包名+类名+方法名,如com.co.cache.service.UserServiceImpl.getAllUser
- */
- private String getCacheKey(String targetName, String methodName, Object[] arguments) {
- StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
- sb.append(targetName).append(".").append(methodName);
- if ((arguments != null) && (arguments.length != 0)) {
- for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
- sb.append(".").append(arguments[i]);
- }
- }
- return sb.toString();
- }
- /**
- * implement InitializingBean,检查cache是否为空
- */
- public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
- Assert.notNull(cache, "Need a cache. Please use setCache(Cache) create it.");
- }
- }
上面的代码中可以看到,在方法public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) 中,完成了搜索Cache/新建cache的功能。
- Element element = cache.get(cacheKey);
- Element element = cache.get(cacheKey);
这句代码的作用是获取cache中的element,如果cacheKey所对应的element不存在,将会返回一个null值
- result = invocation.proceed();
- result = invocation.proceed();
这句代码的作用是获取所拦截方法的返回值,详细请查阅AOP相关文档。
随后,再建立一个拦截器MethodCacheAfterAdvice,作用是在用户进行create/update/delete操作时来刷新/remove相关cache内容,这个拦截器实现了AfterReturningAdvice接口,将会在所拦截的方法执行后执行在public void afterReturning(Object arg0, Method arg1, Object[] arg2, Object arg3)方法中所预定的操作
- package com.co.cache.ehcache;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- import java.util.List;
- import net.sf.ehcache.Cache;
- import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
- import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
- import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
- import org.springframework.util.Assert;
- public class MethodCacheAfterAdvice implements AfterReturningAdvice, InitializingBean
- {
- private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(MethodCacheAfterAdvice.class);
- private Cache cache;
- public void setCache(Cache cache) {
- this.cache = cache;
- }
- public MethodCacheAfterAdvice() {
- super();
- }
- public void afterReturning(Object arg0, Method arg1, Object[] arg2, Object arg3) throws Throwable {
- String className = arg3.getClass().getName();
- List list = cache.getKeys();
- for(int i = 0;i<list.size();i++){
- String cacheKey = String.valueOf(list.get(i));
- if(cacheKey.startsWith(className)){
- cache.remove(cacheKey);
- logger.debug("remove cache " + cacheKey);
- }
- }
- }
- public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
- Assert.notNull(cache, "Need a cache. Please use setCache(Cache) create it.");
- }
- }
- package com.co.cache.ehcache;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- import java.util.List;
- import net.sf.ehcache.Cache;
- import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
- import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
- import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
- import org.springframework.util.Assert;
- public class MethodCacheAfterAdvice implements AfterReturningAdvice, InitializingBean
- {
- private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(MethodCacheAfterAdvice.class);
- private Cache cache;
- public void setCache(Cache cache) {
- this.cache = cache;
- }
- public MethodCacheAfterAdvice() {
- super();
- }
- public void afterReturning(Object arg0, Method arg1, Object[] arg2, Object arg3) throws Throwable {
- String className = arg3.getClass().getName();
- List list = cache.getKeys();
- for(int i = 0;i<list.size();i++){
- String cacheKey = String.valueOf(list.get(i));
- if(cacheKey.startsWith(className)){
- cache.remove(cacheKey);
- logger.debug("remove cache " + cacheKey);
- }
- }
- }
- public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
- Assert.notNull(cache, "Need a cache. Please use setCache(Cache) create it.");
- }
- }
上面的代码很简单,实现了afterReturning方法实现自AfterReturningAdvice接口,方法中所定义的内容将会在目标方法执行后执行,在该方法中
- String className = arg3.getClass().getName();
- String className = arg3.getClass().getName();
的作用是获取目标class的全名,如:com.co.cache.test.TestServiceImpl,然后循环cache的key list,remove cache中所有和该class相关的element。
随后,开始配置ehCache的属性,ehCache需要一个xml文件来设置ehCache相关的一些属性,如最大缓存数量、cache刷新的时间等等.
ehcache.xml
- <ehcache>
- <diskStore path="c://myapp//cache"/>
- <defaultCache
- maxElementsInMemory="1000"
- eternal="false"
- timeToIdleSeconds="120"
- timeToLiveSeconds="120"
- overflowToDisk="true"
- />
- <cache name="DEFAULT_CACHE"
- maxElementsInMemory="10000"
- eternal="false"
- timeToIdleSeconds="300000"
- timeToLiveSeconds="600000"
- overflowToDisk="true"
- />
- </ehcache>
- <ehcache>
- <diskStore path="c://myapp//cache"/>
- <defaultCache
- maxElementsInMemory="1000"
- eternal="false"
- timeToIdleSeconds="120"
- timeToLiveSeconds="120"
- overflowToDisk="true"
- />
- <cache name="DEFAULT_CACHE"
- maxElementsInMemory="10000"
- eternal="false"
- timeToIdleSeconds="300000"
- timeToLiveSeconds="600000"
- overflowToDisk="true"
- />
- </ehcache>
配置每一项的详细作用不再详细解释,有兴趣的请google下 ,这里需要注意一点defaultCache标签定义了一个默认的Cache,这个Cache是不能删除的,否则会抛出No default cache is configured异常。另外,由于使用拦截器来刷新Cache内容,因此在定义cache生命周期时可以定义较大的数值,timeToIdleSeconds="300000" timeToLiveSeconds="600000",好像还不够大?
然后,在将Cache和两个拦截器配置到Spring,这里没有使用2.0里面AOP的标签。
cacheContext.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
- <beans>
- <!-- 引用ehCache的配置 -->
- <bean id="defaultCacheManager" class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManagerFactoryBean">
- <property name="configLocation">
- <value>ehcache.xml</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 定义ehCache的工厂,并设置所使用的Cache name -->
- <bean id="ehCache" class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheFactoryBean">
- <property name="cacheManager">
- <ref local="defaultCacheManager"/>
- </property>
- <property name="cacheName">
- <value>DEFAULT_CACHE</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- find/create cache拦截器 -->
- <bean id="methodCacheInterceptor" class="com.co.cache.ehcache.MethodCacheInterceptor">
- <property name="cache">
- <ref local="ehCache" />
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- flush cache拦截器 -->
- <bean id="methodCacheAfterAdvice" class="com.co.cache.ehcache.MethodCacheAfterAdvice">
- <property name="cache">
- <ref local="ehCache" />
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="methodCachePointCut" class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">
- <property name="advice">
- <ref local="methodCacheInterceptor"/>
- </property>
- <property name="patterns">
- <list>
- <value>.*find.*</value>
- <value>.*get.*</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="methodCachePointCutAdvice" class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">
- <property name="advice">
- <ref local="methodCacheAfterAdvice"/>
- </property>
- <property name="patterns">
- <list>
- <value>.*create.*</value>
- <value>.*update.*</value>
- <value>.*delete.*</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
- </beans>
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
- <beans>
- <!-- 引用ehCache的配置 -->
- <bean id="defaultCacheManager" class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManagerFactoryBean">
- <property name="configLocation">
- <value>ehcache.xml</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 定义ehCache的工厂,并设置所使用的Cache name -->
- <bean id="ehCache" class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheFactoryBean">
- <property name="cacheManager">
- <ref local="defaultCacheManager"/>
- </property>
- <property name="cacheName">
- <value>DEFAULT_CACHE</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- find/create cache拦截器 -->
- <bean id="methodCacheInterceptor" class="com.co.cache.ehcache.MethodCacheInterceptor">
- <property name="cache">
- <ref local="ehCache" />
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- flush cache拦截器 -->
- <bean id="methodCacheAfterAdvice" class="com.co.cache.ehcache.MethodCacheAfterAdvice">
- <property name="cache">
- <ref local="ehCache" />
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="methodCachePointCut" class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">
- <property name="advice">
- <ref local="methodCacheInterceptor"/>
- </property>
- <property name="patterns">
- <list>
- <value>.*find.*</value>
- <value>.*get.*</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="methodCachePointCutAdvice" class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">
- <property name="advice">
- <ref local="methodCacheAfterAdvice"/>
- </property>
- <property name="patterns">
- <list>
- <value>.*create.*</value>
- <value>.*update.*</value>
- <value>.*delete.*</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
- </beans>
上面的代码最终创建了两个"切入点",methodCachePointCut和methodCachePointCutAdvice,分别用于拦截不同方法名的方法,可以根据需要任意增加所需要拦截方法的名称。
需要注意的是
- <bean id="ehCache" class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheFactoryBean">
- <property name="cacheManager">
- <ref local="defaultCacheManager"/>
- </property>
- <property name="cacheName">
- <value>DEFAULT_CACHE</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="ehCache" class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheFactoryBean">
- <property name="cacheManager">
- <ref local="defaultCacheManager"/>
- </property>
- <property name="cacheName">
- <value>DEFAULT_CACHE</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
如果cacheName属性内设置的name在ehCache.xml中无法找到,那么将使用默认的cache(defaultCache标签定义).
事实上到了这里,一个简单的Spring + ehCache Framework基本完成了,为了测试效果,举一个实际应用的例子,定义一个TestService和它的实现类TestServiceImpl,里面包含
两个方法getAllObject()和updateObject(Object Object),具体代码如下
TestService.java
- package com.co.cache.test;
- import java.util.List;
- public interface TestService {
- public List getAllObject();
- public void updateObject(Object Object);
- }
- package com.co.cache.test;
- import java.util.List;
- public interface TestService {
- public List getAllObject();
- public void updateObject(Object Object);
- }
TestServiceImpl.java
- package com.co.cache.test;
- import java.util.List;
- public class TestServiceImpl implements TestService
- {
- public List getAllObject() {
- System.out.println("---TestService:Cache内不存在该element,查找并放入Cache!");
- return null;
- }
- public void updateObject(Object Object) {
- System.out.println("---TestService:更新了对象,这个Class产生的cache都将被remove!");
- }
- }
- package com.co.cache.test;
- import java.util.List;
- public class TestServiceImpl implements TestService
- {
- public List getAllObject() {
- System.out.println("---TestService:Cache内不存在该element,查找并放入Cache!");
- return null;
- }
- public void updateObject(Object Object) {
- System.out.println("---TestService:更新了对象,这个Class产生的cache都将被remove!");
- }
- }
使用Spring提供的AOP进行配置
applicationContext.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
- <beans>
- <import resource="cacheContext.xml"/>
- <bean id="testServiceTarget" class="com.co.cache.test.TestServiceImpl"/>
- <bean id="testService" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
- <property name="target">
- <ref local="testServiceTarget"/>
- </property>
- <property name="interceptorNames">
- <list>
- <value>methodCachePointCut</value>
- <value>methodCachePointCutAdvice</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
- </beans>
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
- <beans>
- <import resource="cacheContext.xml"/>
- <bean id="testServiceTarget" class="com.co.cache.test.TestServiceImpl"/>
- <bean id="testService" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
- <property name="target">
- <ref local="testServiceTarget"/>
- </property>
- <property name="interceptorNames">
- <list>
- <value>methodCachePointCut</value>
- <value>methodCachePointCutAdvice</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
- </beans>
这里一定不能忘记import cacheContext.xml文件,不然定义的两个拦截器就没办法使用了。
最后,写一个测试的代码
MainTest.java
- package com.co.cache.test;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
- public class MainTest{
- public static void main(String args[]){
- String DEFAULT_CONTEXT_FILE = "/applicationContext.xml";
- ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_FILE);
- TestService testService = (TestService)context.getBean("testService");
- System.out.println("1--第一次查找并创建cache");
- testService.getAllObject();
- System.out.println("2--在cache中查找");
- testService.getAllObject();
- System.out.println("3--remove cache");
- testService.updateObject(null);
- System.out.println("4--需要重新查找并创建cache");
- testService.getAllObject();
- }
- }
- package com.co.cache.test;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
- public class MainTest{
- public static void main(String args[]){
- String DEFAULT_CONTEXT_FILE = "/applicationContext.xml";
- ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_FILE);
- TestService testService = (TestService)context.getBean("testService");
- System.out.println("1--第一次查找并创建cache");
- testService.getAllObject();
- System.out.println("2--在cache中查找");
- testService.getAllObject();
- System.out.println("3--remove cache");
- testService.updateObject(null);
- System.out.println("4--需要重新查找并创建cache");
- testService.getAllObject();
- }
- }
运行,结果如下
- 1--第一次查找并创建cache
- ---TestService:Cache内不存在该element,查找并放入Cache!
- 2--在cache中查找
- 3--remove cache
- ---TestService:更新了对象,这个Class产生的cache都将被remove!
- 4--需要重新查找并创建cache
- ---TestService:Cache内不存在该element,查找并放入Cache!
- 1--第一次查找并创建cache
- ---TestService:Cache内不存在该element,查找并放入Cache!
- 2--在cache中查找
- 3--remove cache
- ---TestService:更新了对象,这个Class产生的cache都将被remove!
- 4--需要重新查找并创建cache
- ---TestService:Cache内不存在该element,查找并放入Cache!
大功告成 .可以看到,第一步执行getAllObject(),执行TestServiceImpl内的方法,并创建了cache,在第二次执行getAllObject()方法时,由于cache有该方法的缓存,直接从cache中get出方法的结果,所以没有打印出TestServiceImpl中的内容,而第三步,调用了updateObject方法,和TestServiceImpl相关的cache被remove,所以在第四步执行时,又执行TestServiceImpl中的方法,创建Cache。
网上也有不少类似的例子,但是很多都不是很完备,自己参考了一些例子的代码,其实在spring-modules中也提供了对几种cache的支持,ehCache,OSCache,JBossCache这些,看了一下,基本上都是采用类似的方式,只不过封装的更完善一些,主要思路也还是Spring的AOP,有兴趣的可以研究一下。