主要内容:
- HttpClient类
- Socket通信
- WCF通信
HttpClient类
在UWP中可以用来进行网络通信的HttpClient类有两个,System.Net.Http.HttpClient和Windows.Web.Http.HttpClient,两者使用上的差别并不大,但我们优先考虑后者,因为它位于Windows.Foundation.UniversalApiContract程序集中,是本地代码,效率更高。我们主要学习的也是Windows.Web.Http.HttpClient了。
使用HttpClient类,我们可以向指定的URI发出HTTP请求,并获取从服务器返回的数据。发起请求的方式有GET、POST、 PUT和 DELETE,请求都是异步请求。同时我们还需要一个HttpResponseMessage对象,用来声明从 HTTP 请求接收到的 HTTP 响应消息。
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
//添加用户代理标头
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible;MSIE 10.0;Windows NT 6.2;WOW64;Trident/6.0)");
HttpResponseMessage response = await httpClient.GetAsync(new Uri(tbUrl.Text));//发送请求,此处是GET的方式,其他方式类似
response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();//确保请求成功
//Buffer方式读取返回结果
IBuffer buffer = await response.Content.ReadAsBufferAsync();
//流方式读取返回结果
IInputStream inputStream= await response.Content.ReadAsInputStreamAsync();
//字符串方式读取返回结果
string result = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
上面是HttpClient类来实现HTTP请求的一般方式了,ok,看常规演示:
请求HTML页面:我们请求返回的HTML,最后都转换成了string类型,然后将这个string类型的值给了WebView控件的NavigateToString方法,它会自动处理HTML标记。(PS:你如果觉得这样还不如直接把URI给WebView控件的Navigate方法,反正显示效果一样,那你就把string值用其他文本控件显示吧!)还有,读取字符串直接用ReadAsStringAsync方法就行啦,后面的只为折腾一下。
private async void btn_get_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { //http://static.cnblogs.com/images/logo_small.gif //http://www.cnblogs.com/czhwust/p/Win10_file.html HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible;MSIE 10.0;Windows NT 6.2;WOW64;Trident/6.0)"); if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(tbUrl.Text)) { tbstatus.Text = "输入的URL为空"; } else { try { tbstatus.Text = " 等待响应......"; HttpResponseMessage response = await httpClient.GetAsync(new Uri(tbUrl.Text)); response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();//确保请求成功 tbstatus.Text = response.StatusCode + " " + response.ReasonPhrase; //请求html //字符串方式读取返回结果 string result = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); wv.NavigateToString(result); //Buffer方式读取 //IBuffer buffer = await response.Content.ReadAsBufferAsync(); //using (var dataReader = DataReader.FromBuffer(buffer)) //{ // string result = dataReader.ReadString(buffer.Length); // wv.NavigateToString(result); //} //Stream方式读取 //var inputstream = await response.Content.ReadAsInputStreamAsync(); // Stream stream= inputstream.AsStreamForRead(); // using (StreamReader reader=new StreamReader(stream)) // { // string result= reader.ReadToEnd(); // wv.NavigateToString(result); // } } catch (Exception ex) { tbstatus.Text = ex.ToString(); } } }
请求图片:在请求图片的时候,WriteToStreamAsync方法最简捷,后面的同样是为了折腾,但可以仔细体会一下。。。(PS:直接把网络图片的地址赋值给Image控件的Source属性就能显示图片啦,我是砸场子的!)
private async void btn_get_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { //http://static.cnblogs.com/images/logo_small.gif //http://www.cnblogs.com/czhwust/p/Win10_file.html HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible;MSIE 10.0;Windows NT 6.2;WOW64;Trident/6.0)"); if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(tbUrl.Text)) { tbstatus.Text = "输入的URL为空"; } else { try { tbstatus.Text = " 等待响应......"; HttpResponseMessage response = await httpClient.GetAsync(new Uri(tbUrl.Text)); response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();//确保请求成功 tbstatus.Text = response.StatusCode + " " + response.ReasonPhrase; //请求图片 BitmapImage bitmap = new BitmapImage(); // WriteToStreamAsync using (InMemoryRandomAccessStream stream = new InMemoryRandomAccessStream()) { await response.Content.WriteToStreamAsync(stream); stream.Seek(0ul); bitmap.SetSource(stream); img.Source = bitmap; } // IInputStream >> IRandomAccessStream //IInputStream inputStream = await response.Content.ReadAsInputStreamAsync(); //using (IRandomAccessStream randomAccessStream = new InMemoryRandomAccessStream()) //{ // using (IOutputStream outputStream = randomAccessStream.GetOutputStreamAt(0)) // { // await RandomAccessStream.CopyAsync(inputStream, outputStream); // randomAccessStream.Seek(0); // bitmap.SetSource(randomAccessStream); // img.Source = bitmap; // } //} // IBuffer >> IRandomAccessStream //IBuffer buffer = await response.Content.ReadAsBufferAsync(); //using (IRandomAccessStream randomAccessStream = new InMemoryRandomAccessStream()) //{ // using (DataWriter datawriter = new DataWriter(randomAccessStream.GetOutputStreamAt(0))) // { // datawriter.WriteBuffer(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); // await datawriter.StoreAsync(); // randomAccessStream.Seek(0); // bitmap.SetSource(randomAccessStream); // img.Source = bitmap; // } //} } catch (Exception ex) { tbstatus.Text = ex.ToString(); } } }
Socket通信
Socket通信是一种点对点的通信技术,我们可以利用它开发点对点交互通信的软件。作为一种常见的底层网络通信技术,Socket具有简单易用、连接稳定、数据传送能力强等特点。HTTP通信是一种临时的,无状态的通信,在客户端发出HTTP请求,服务端做出一次响应之后,HTTP连接就会断开,当我们希望获取新的数据时,只能再发送一次HTTP请求,而Socket通信则是以IP地址和端口号为连接的一个通信句柄,以端到端为通信模型的网络通信协议。Socket能够保证连接的持久性,一旦与服务器成功建立连接,服务器相应的端口将会处于开放状态,此时客户端能够通过Socket建立的通道,向服务器开放的端口发出操作指令,而客户端同时也能得到服务端即时反馈的信息,直到程序发出断开指令或网络断开,Socket才会结束整个连接过程。
Socket通信支持两种工作模式。一种是基于TCP模式,该模式是面向连接的,顺序进行的可靠交付方式,另一种是UDP模式,它是无连接的,资源消耗少的不可靠交付方式。关于二者更详细的区别,请自行百度了解。在UWP中Socket通信相关的类位于Windows.Networking.Sockets命名空间下,StreamSocket类对应于UDP,DatagramSocket类对应TCP。
直接开始演示:
首先,我们要完成服务端的编码,新建一个控制台应用程序。(贴出全部代码,不作过多解释。)
static void Main(string[] args) { int receiveLength; IPEndPoint ipEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 9900); Socket newSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Udp); newSocket.Bind(ipEndPoint); newSocket.Listen(10); Console.WriteLine(" 等待客户端的连接 "); Socket client = newSocket.Accept(); IPEndPoint clientIp = (IPEndPoint)client.RemoteEndPoint; Console.WriteLine(" 连接客户端地址 :" + clientIp.Address + ",端口号:" + clientIp.Port); while (true) { byte[] data = new byte[1024]; receiveLength = client.Receive(data); Console.WriteLine(" 获取字符串的长度 " + receiveLength); if (receiveLength == 0) break; string getData = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data, 0, receiveLength); Console.WriteLine(" 从客户端获得的数据 :" + getData); byte [] send = new byte[1024]; send = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("response :" + getData); client.Send(send, send.Length, SocketFlags.None); } Console.WriteLine("Discnnected from " + clientIp.Address); client.Close(); newSocket.Close(); }
然后就是客户端了,这里需要注意的是客户端在给服务端发消息时,同时读取了服务端发送给客户端的消息(服务端发给客户端的消息是 response:+客户端发来的消息)。
private async void btnConnect_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { try { socket = new StreamSocket(); await socket.ConnectAsync(new HostName(tbIP.Text), tbPort.Text);//与服务端建立连接 tbInfo.Text = " 连接成功"; } catch (Exception ex) { tbInfo.Text = " 连接服务器错误:"+ex.ToString(); } } private void btnClose_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { //断开建立 reader.Dispose(); writer.Dispose(); socket.Dispose(); tbInfo.Text = " 关闭成功"; } private void btnSend_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { string str = tbMsg.Text; SendMsg(str,socket);//发送消息 } private async void SendMsg(string str, StreamSocket socket) { try { //发送数据流 writer = new DataWriter(socket.OutputStream); writer.WriteString(str); await writer.StoreAsync(); //读取数据流 reader = new DataReader(socket.InputStream); reader.InputStreamOptions = InputStreamOptions.Partial; await reader.LoadAsync(1024); string data = reader.ReadString(reader.UnconsumedBufferLength); tbReceivedMsg.Text += data + " "; } catch (Exception ex) { tbInfo.Text = " 出现异常:"+ex.ToString(); } }
运行结果:
WCF通信
WCF(Windows Communication Foundation)也是一种重要的数据通信技术,它在.NET Framework 3.0中引入,主要优点在于服务集成,使分布式开发更加灵活稳定。客户端与WCF服务进行通信时需要借助代理,也就是添加服务引用。
首先我们来完成WCF服务部分的编码,新建一个Visual C#语言的ASP.NET空Web应用程序。我们需要添加一个DataClass.cs的类文件和一个NewsDataService.svc的WCF服务文件。
DataClass.cs:
我们在添加[DataContract]时,可能无法导入命名空间,这时候我们要手动添加引用System.Runtime.Serialization,它的详细路径是 C:Program Files (x86)Reference AssembliesMicrosoftFramework.NETFrameworkv4.5System.Runtime.Serialization.dll
namespace WCFServer { [DataContract] public class DataClass { [DataMember] public string NewsTime { set; get; } [DataMember] public string NewsTitle { get; set; } } }
NewsDataService.svc:
public class NewsDataService : INewsDataService { public DataClass [] News() { List<DataClass> newsData = new List<DataClass>() { new DataClass {NewsTitle="这是新闻标题1",NewsTime="2015-10-10" }, new DataClass {NewsTitle="这是新闻标题2",NewsTime="2015-10-11" }, new DataClass {NewsTitle="这是新闻标题3",NewsTime="2015-10-12" }, new DataClass {NewsTitle="这是新闻标题4",NewsTime="2015-10-13" }, new DataClass {NewsTitle="这是新闻标题5",NewsTime="2015-10-14" }, }; return newsData.ToArray(); } }
INewsDataService.cs:
namespace WCFServer { [ServiceContract] public interface INewsDataService { [OperationContract] DataClass[] News(); } }
然后是客户端部分的编码。首先我们要添加服务引用(右键”解决方案资源管理器“中的“引用”节点即可看到此选项),然后在下面的对话框中的“地址”输入WCF服务端的URI,点击“转到”,等加载完毕,自定义一个命名空间名称,点击“确定”即可,然后就可以在客户端调用服务器上的WCF服务了。
我们首先得将服务端运行起来,客户端才能调用,在运行服务端时,可能我们直接运行项目,会报错(Forbidden),这时,我们可以选中NewsDataService.svc,然后右键,选择“在浏览器中查看”,出现上边右图的效果,ok!
客户端程序界面部分:
<Grid Background="{ThemeResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}"> <TextBlock x:Name="textBlock" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="49,54,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="WCF网络通信" VerticalAlignment="Top"/> <ListView x:Name="listView" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="266" Margin="49,118,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="228"> <ListView.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding NewsTitle}"></TextBlock> <TextBlock Text="{Binding NewsTime}"></TextBlock> </StackPanel> </DataTemplate> </ListView.ItemTemplate> </ListView> <Button x:Name="btn_getData" Content="获取数据" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="49,409,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Click="btn_getData_Click"/> </Grid>
后台代码:
private async void btn_getData_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { NewsDataServiceClient client = new NewsDataServiceClient(); ObservableCollection<DataClass> data = await client.NewsAsync(); listView.ItemsSource = data; }
运行效果:
紧接着,我们再来看如何调用Web Service。这个其实和调用WCF服务差不多的,首先也是添加服务引用(http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx),在http://webservice.webxml.com.cn这个网站上可以找到很多的Web Service供调用(不过好像经常打不开),然后这几行代码就OK
private async void btn_getData_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { MobileCodeWSSoapClient client = new MobileCodeWSSoapClient(); string result=await client.getMobileCodeInfoAsync(tbTel.Text," "); txtresult.Text = result; }
运行结果:
好了,先到这里,本来还有一个RSS订阅源的,太晚了,以后再补。晚安!