c#基础知识——struct

C#结构体的使用

 

C#结构体的使用

结构体：相当于是我们自己定义的一种复杂的类型。

常见简单类型：int...  double float bool char string 

常见复杂类型：DateTime  数组类型

生活中大部份的对象都是复合型的对象。

struct里也可以有方法,小对象struct比较好，大对象class

int就是一个结构（struct Int32)
结构是值类型

如何定义结构体类型？

一般来说结构体的定义要放在class的外面或class的里面，尽量不放在Main的里面。 
struct 自定义类型名 
{ 
    public 变量类型  变量名; 
    ......; 
    ......; 
    ......;

} 
例如： 
    struct YuanGong  //自定义的数据类型。用来描述员工的信息。 
    { 
        public string NO; 
        public string Name; 
        public int Age; 
        public string Nation; 
        public bool Sex; 
    }

如何用自定义的类型来定义变量？

自定义类型名 变量 = new 自定义类型名();

如何使用自定义类型的变量？ 
变量.子变量 = "xxxx"; 
Console.WriteLine(变量名.子变量); 
例如： 
            //定义自定义类型的变量 
            YuanGong zhangsan = new YuanGong(); 
            //给变量赋值 
            zhangsan.NO = "Y001"; 
            zhangsan.Name = "张三"; 
            zhangsan.Age = 22; 
            zhangsan.Sex = true; 
            zhangsan.Nation = "汉族"; 
            //对变量取值 
            Console.WriteLine(zhangsan.NO+" "+zhangsan.Name+" "+zhangsan.Age); 
            Console.WriteLine(zhangsan.Nation+" "+(zhangsan.Sex?"男":"女"));

例题1.描述员工信息

struct YuanGong  //自定义的数据类型。用来描述员工的信息。
    {
        public string NO;
        public string Name;
        public int Age;
        public string Nation;
        public bool Sex;
        public LianXiFangShi LianXi;
    }
    struct LianXiFangShi
    {
        public string QQ;
        public string WeiXin;
        public string Email;
        public string Telephone;
        public string Address;
        public string ZipCode;
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            YuanGong zhangsan = new YuanGong();
            zhangsan.NO = "Y001";
            zhangsan.Name = "张三";
            zhangsan.Age = 22;
            zhangsan.Sex = true;
            zhangsan.Nation = "汉族";
            zhangsan.LianXi.QQ = "434354546";
            //zhangsan.LianXi.WeiXin = "张三三";
            //zhangsan.LianXi.Email = "zhangsan@tom.com";
            zhangsan.LianXi.Address = "张店区张家胡同";
            zhangsan.LianXi.ZipCode = "25000";
            zhangsan.LianXi.Telephone = "";

            YuanGong lisi = new YuanGong();
            lisi.NO = "Y002";
            lisi.Name = "李四";
            lisi.Age = 25;
            lisi.Sex =false;
            lisi.Nation = "回族";


            Console.WriteLine("**********张三的个人信息***********");
            Console.WriteLine(zhangsan.NO+"	"+zhangsan.Name+"	"+zhangsan.Age);
            Console.WriteLine(zhangsan.Nation+"	"+(zhangsan.Sex?"男":"女"));
            Console.WriteLine("联系方式：");
            Console.WriteLine(
                "QQ："+(zhangsan.LianXi.QQ==null?"无":zhangsan.LianXi.QQ)+"	"//若没输入qq，打印“无”
                +"微信："+(zhangsan.LianXi.WeiXin == null?"无":zhangsan.LianXi.WeiXin)+"	"
                +"手机："+(zhangsan.LianXi.Telephone==null?"无":zhangsan.LianXi.Telephone)+"	"
                +"邮箱："+(zhangsan.LianXi.Email==null?"无":zhangsan.LianXi.Email)+"	"
                +"地址："+zhangsan.LianXi.Address+"	"+zhangsan.LianXi.ZipCode);


        }

例题、两人对战游戏

struct Ren
        {
            public string Name;
            public int Blood;
            public int Attack;
            public int Defend;
            public int Quick;
            
        }
        struct WuGong
        {
            public string Name;
            public int Attack;
        }
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            WuGong[] wg = new WuGong[3];
            wg[0].Name = "辟邪剑法";
            wg[0].Attack = 500;
            wg[1].Name = "降龙十八掌";
            wg[1].Attack = 600;
            wg[2].Name = "暗然消魂掌";
            wg[2].Attack = 400;
    
            Ren r1 = new Ren();
            Ren r2 = new Ren();
            //初化两个战斗人员的属性。
            Console.Write("请输入第一个战士姓名：");
            r1.Name = Console.ReadLine();
            Console.Write("请输入第二个战士姓名：");
            r2.Name = Console.ReadLine();
            //生成血量
            Random rand = new Random();
            r1.Blood = rand.Next(1000) + 1000;
            r2.Blood = rand.Next(1000) + 1000;
            //生成攻防
            r1.Attack = rand.Next(50) + 50;
            r2.Attack = rand.Next(50) + 50;
            r1.Defend = rand.Next(50) + 50;
            r2.Defend = rand.Next(50) + 50;
            //生成身法
            r1.Quick = rand.Next(100);
            r2.Quick = rand.Next(100);

            Console.WriteLine("姓名：" + r1.Name + "	生命力：" + r1.Blood+"	攻击力："+r1.Attack+"	防御力："+r1.Defend+"	敏捷度："+r1.Quick);
            Console.WriteLine("VS");
            Console.WriteLine("姓名：" + r2.Name + "	生命力：" + r2.Blood + "	攻击力：" + r2.Attack + "	防御力：" + r2.Defend + "	敏捷度：" + r2.Quick);
            Console.WriteLine("按任意键开始...");
            Console.ReadKey();
            while(true)
            {
                //跳出循环。
                if(r1.Blood <=0 && r2.Blood<=0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(r1.Name+"与"+r2.Name+"同归于尽了！");
                    break;
                }
                if(r1.Blood<=0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(r2.Name+"把"+r1.Name+"KO了~！");
                    break;
                }
                if (r2.Blood <= 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(r1.Name + "把" + r2.Name + "KO了~！");
                    break;
                }

                //对战
                
                //大招
                int dz1 = rand.Next(10); //r2的大招

                if (dz1 >= 8) //大招
                {
                    WuGong w1 = wg[rand.Next(3)];

                    int b1 = rand.Next(100); //r1失掉的血
                    int gj1 = rand.Next(100) - 50; //为了浮动r1的攻击
                    int fy1 = rand.Next(100) - 50;//为了浮动r2的防御
                    b1 = (b1 + (r2.Attack + gj1+w1.Attack) - (r1.Defend + fy1)) < 0 ? 0 : (b1 + (r2.Attack + gj1+w1.Attack) - (r1.Defend + fy1));
                    r1.Blood -= b1;
                    if (r1.Blood < 0)
                    {
                        r1.Blood = 0;
                    }

                    //稍待一下。
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000);

                    Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red;
                    Console.WriteLine(r2.Name + "使用大招"+w1.Name+"发起攻击，" + r1.Name + "失掉生命力" + b1 + "点！");
                    Console.ResetColor();
                    Console.WriteLine();
                   
                }
                else //平常招式
                {
                    int sf1 = rand.Next(80);
                    if (r1.Quick - sf1 >= 0)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(r1.Name + "躲过了" + r2.Name + "攻击");
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        int b1 = rand.Next(100); //r1失掉的血
                        int gj1 = rand.Next(100) - 50; //为了浮动r1的攻击
                        int fy1 = rand.Next(100) - 50;//为了浮动r2的防御
                        b1 = (b1 + (r2.Attack + gj1) - (r1.Defend + fy1)) < 0 ? 0 : (b1 + (r2.Attack + gj1) - (r1.Defend + fy1));
                        r1.Blood -= b1;
                        if (r1.Blood < 0)
                        {
                            r1.Blood = 0;
                        }

                        //稍待一下。
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000);

                        Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red;
                        Console.WriteLine(r2.Name + "发起攻击，" + r1.Name + "失掉生命力" + b1 + "点！");
                        Console.ResetColor();
                        Console.WriteLine();
                    }
                }
                //稍待一下。
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000);

                int dz2 = rand.Next(10); //r2的大招

                if (dz2 >= 8) //大招
                {
                    WuGong w1 = wg[rand.Next(3)];

                    int b2 = rand.Next(100); //r1失掉的血
                    int gj1 = rand.Next(100) - 50; //为了浮动r1的攻击
                    int fy1 = rand.Next(100) - 50;//为了浮动r2的防御
                    b2 = (b2 + (r1.Attack + gj1 + w1.Attack) - (r2.Defend + fy1)) < 0 ? 0 : (b2 + (r1.Attack + gj1 + w1.Attack) - (r2.Defend + fy1));
                    r2.Blood -= b2;
                    if (r2.Blood < 0)
                    {
                        r2.Blood = 0;
                    }

                    //稍待一下。
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000);

                    Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red;
                    Console.WriteLine(r1.Name + "使用大招" + w1.Name + "发起攻击，" + r2.Name + "失掉生命力" + b2 + "点！");
                    Console.ResetColor();
                    Console.WriteLine();

                }
                else
                {

                    int sf2 = rand.Next(80);
                    if (r2.Quick - sf2 >= 0)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(r2.Name + "躲过了" + r1.Name + "攻击");
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        int b2 = rand.Next(100);//r2失掉的血
                        int gj2 = rand.Next(100) - 50; //为了浮动r1的攻击
                        int fy2 = rand.Next(100) - 50;//为了浮动r2的防御
                        b2 = (b2 + (r1.Attack + gj2) - (r2.Defend + fy2)) < 0 ? 0 : (b2 + (r1.Attack + gj2) - (r2.Defend + fy2));
                        r2.Blood -= b2;
                        if (r2.Blood < 0)
                        {
                            r2.Blood = 0;
                        }

                        Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Blue;
                        Console.WriteLine(r1.Name + "发起攻击，" + r2.Name + "失掉生命力" + b2 + "点！");
                        Console.ResetColor();
                        Console.WriteLine();
                    }
                }
                Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow;
                Console.Write("姓名：" + r1.Name + "生命力：" + r1.Blood + "	");
                Console.Write("姓名：" + r2.Name + "生命力：" + r2.Blood);
                Console.ResetColor();
                Console.WriteLine();
                Console.WriteLine();

            }

        }

练习1.输入学生成绩信息

struct Student
        {
            public string Name;
            public int No;
            public double ToltallGrd;
            public double Chinese;
            public double math;//快速移至下行尾
        }
        //输入学生成绩信息并排序
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Student[] a = new Student[5];
            //输入成绩
            GetGrade(a);
            //根据总分排序
            Order(a);
            //输出学生成绩信息
            Output(a);

        }

        private static void Output(Student[] a)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("姓名：{0}	学号：{1}	名次：	{2}总分：{3}	语文：{4}	数学：{5}",
                    a[i].Name, a[i].No, i + 1, a[i].ToltallGrd, a[i].Chinese, a[i].math);
            }
        }

        private static void Order(Student[] a)
        {
            for (int i = 1; i <= a.Length - 1; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 1; j <= a.Length - i; j++)
                {
                    if (a[j].ToltallGrd > a[j - 1].ToltallGrd)
                    {
                        Student tem = a[j];
                        a[j] = a[j - 1];
                        a[j - 1] = tem;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private static void GetGrade(Student[] a)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; i++)
            {

                Console.WriteLine("请输入第" + (i + 1) + "名学生姓名：");
                a[i].Name = Console.ReadLine();
                a[i].No = i + 1;
                Console.Write("语文：");
                a[i].Chinese = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
                Console.Write("数学：");
                a[i].math = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
                a[i].ToltallGrd = a[i].Chinese + a[i].math;

            }
        }

练习2.郭靖PK欧阳克

struct Roal
    {
        public int blood;
        public int def;
        public int mov1;
        public int mov2;

    }
    class 对战游戏
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Roal cast1, cast2;
            //角色1的属性
            cast1.blood = 1000;
            cast1.def = 50;
            cast1.mov1 = 120;
            cast1.mov2 = 160;
            //角色2的属性
            cast2.blood = 1000;
            cast2.def = 60;
            cast2.mov1 = 110;
            cast2.mov2 = 130;

            //颜色设置
            Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Blue;
            Console.BackgroundColor = ConsoleColor.White;
            Console.Clear();

            //输入操作
            //角色1攻击
            while(cast1.blood >0&&cast2.blood >0)
            {
            Console.WriteLine("请郭靖发招：a-降龙十八掌 s-打狗棒");
            string m = Console.ReadLine();
            Random n1 = new Random();
            if (m == "a")
            {
                int s = n1.Next(60);//角色2的防御值
                int s2 = cast1.mov1 - s;//攻击效果
                cast2.blood -= s2;//角色2血量减少
            }
            else if (m == "s")
            {
                int s = n1.Next(60);//角色2的防御值
                int s2 = cast1.mov2 - s;//攻击效果
                cast2.blood -= s2;//角色2血量减少
 
            }
            //角色2攻击
             Console.WriteLine("请欧阳克发招：k-蛤蟆功 l-九阴真经");
            string h= Console.ReadLine();
            Random i = new Random();
            if (h  == "k")
            {
                int s = i.Next(50);//角色1的防御值
                int s2 = cast1.mov1 - s;//攻击效果
                cast1.blood -= s2;//角色1血量减少
            }
            else if (h == "l")
            {
                int s = n1.Next(50);//角色1的防御值
                int s2 = cast1.mov2 - s;//攻击效果
                cast1.blood -= s2;//角色1血量减少
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("发招失败");
            }
            Console.Clear();
            cast1.blood  = cast1.blood  < 0 ? 0 : cast1.blood ;//控制血量不要小于零
            cast2.blood = cast2.blood < 0 ? 0 : cast2.blood;//控制血量不要小于零
            Console.WriteLine ("郭靖血量：{0}",cast1.blood );
            Console.WriteLine("欧阳克血量：{0}",cast2.blood);
            }

            //输出对殴结果
            if (cast1.blood == 0 && cast2.blood == 0)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("同归于尽");
            }
            else if (cast1.blood ==0)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("欧阳克打败郭靖，抢走黄蓉");
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("郭靖打败欧阳克，和黄蓉去了桃花岛");
            }


        }