[Python] 微信公众号开发 Python3

搭建服务

• 开通一个阿里云ecs，安装python3及需要的包（参考下方官方文档）
• 将py文件保存在ecs上，运行
• 在本地访问阿里云的IP地址
• 能完成这步说明网络没问题

server.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# filename: server.py
import web

urls = (
    '/wx', 'Handle',
)

class Handle(object):
    def GET(self):
        return "hello, this is handle view"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = web.application(urls, globals())
    app.run()

公众号配置

• 注册公众号
• 验证token
• 官方文档是python2写的，不能直接用，python3代码如下

server.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# filename: main.py
import web
from handle import Handle

urls = (
    '/wx', 'Handle',
)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = web.application(urls, globals())
    app.run()

handle.py

import hashlib
import web

class Handle(object):
    def GET(self):
        try:
            data = web.input()
            if len(data) == 0:
                return "hello,this is handle view"
            signature = data.signature
            timestamp = data.timestamp
            nonce = data.nonce
            echostr = data.echostr
            token = "hfxlcxc"

            list = [token, timestamp, nonce]
            list.sort()
            sha1 = hashlib.sha1()
            sha1.update(list[0].encode('utf-8'))
            sha1.update(list[1].encode('utf-8'))
            sha1.update(list[2].encode('utf-8'))
            hashcode = sha1.hexdigest()

            print("handle/GET func:hashcode, signature: ", hashcode, signature)
            if hashcode == signature:
                return echostr
            else:
                return ""
        except (Exception,Argument):
            return Argument

自动回复

• 调试接口
• 官方文档python里的xml中间有空格，虽然调试可以通过，但在微信里发消息不会自动回复

server.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# filename: server.py
import web
from handle import Handle

urls = (
    '/wx', 'Handle',
)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = web.application(urls, globals())
    app.run()

handle.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-#
# filename: handle.py

import hashlib
import web
import receive
import reply

class Handle(object):
    def POST(self):
        try:
            webData = web.data()
            print("Handle Post webdata is ",webData)
            # 后台打印日志
            recMsg = receive.parse_xml(webData)
            if isinstance(recMsg, receive.Msg) and recMsg.MsgType == 'text':
                toUser = recMsg.FromUserName
                fromUser = recMsg.ToUserName
                content = "test!!"
                replyMsg = reply.TextMsg(toUser, fromUser, content)
                return replyMsg.send()
            else:
                print("暂不处理")
                return "success"
        except (Exception,Argment):
            return Argment

receive.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-#
# filename: receive.py

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

def parse_xml(web_data):
    if len(web_data) == 0:
        return None
    xmlData = ET.fromstring(web_data)
    msg_type = xmlData.find('MsgType').text
    if msg_type == 'text':
        return TextMsg(xmlData)
    elif msg_type == 'image':
        return ImageMsg(xmlData)
    
class Msg(object):
    def __init__(self,xmlData):
        self.ToUserName = xmlData.find('ToUserName').text
        self.FromUserName = xmlData.find('FromUserName').text
        self.CreateTime = xmlData.find('CreateTime').text
        self.MsgType = xmlData.find('MsgType').text
        self.MsgId = xmlData.find('MsgId').text

class TextMsg(Msg):
    def __init__(self,xmlData):
        Msg.__init__(self,xmlData)
        self.Content = xmlData.find('Content').text.encode("utf-8")

class ImageMsg(Msg):
    def __init__(self, xmlData):
        Msg.__init__(self,xmlData)
        self.PicUrl = xmlData.find('PicUrl').text
        self.MediaId = xmlData.find('MediaId').text

reply.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-#
# filename: reply.py
import time

class Msg(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def send(self):
        return "success"

class TextMsg(Msg):
    def __init__(self, toUserName, fromUserName, content):
        self.__dict = dict()
        self.__dict['ToUserName'] = toUserName
        self.__dict['FromUserName'] = fromUserName
        self.__dict['CreateTime'] = int(time.time())
        self.__dict['Content'] = content

    def send(self):
        XmlForm = """<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[{ToUserName}]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[{FromUserName}]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>{CreateTime}</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType><Content><![CDATA[{Content}]]></Content></xml>"""
        return XmlForm.format(**self.__dict)

class ImageMsg(Msg):
    def __init__(self, toUserName, fromUserName, mediaId):
        self.__dict = dict()
        self.__dict['ToUserName'] = toUserName
        self.__dict['FromUserName'] = fromUserName
        self.__dict['CreateTime'] = int(time.time())
        self.__dict['MediaId'] = mediaId

    def send(self):
        XmlForm = """<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[{ToUserName}]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[{FromUserName}]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>{CreateTime}</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[image]]></MsgType><Image><MediaId><![CDATA[{MediaId}]]></MediaId></Image></xml>"""
        return XmlForm.format(**self.__dict)

参考

官方文档

https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Getting_Started/Getting_Started_Guide.html

w3c教程

https://www.w3cschool.cn/weixinkaifawendang/

token验证失败

https://www.cnblogs.com/roadwide/p/10566946.html

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39866513/article/details/83218731

获取access token

https://blog.csdn.net/wchenjt/article/details/96154504

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26626113/article/details/78251932

白名单

https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1034608

接口调试

https://www.cnblogs.com/txw1958/p/mp-weixin-debug.html

自动回复失败

http://www.alixixi.com/biancheng/a/2019022498588.shtml