查看/dev/input/eventX是什么类型的事件, cat /proc/bus/input/devices
设备有着自己特殊的按键键码,我需要将一些标准的按键,比如0-9,X-Z等模拟成标准按键,比如KEY_0,KEY-Z等,所以需要用到按键模拟,具体方法就是操作/dev/input/event1文件,向它写入个input_event结构体就可以模拟按键的输入了。
linux/input.h中有定义,这个文件还定义了标准按键的编码等
struct input_event {
struct timeval time; //按键时间
__u16 type; //类型,在下面有定义
__u16 code; //要模拟成什么按键
__s32 value;//是按下还是释放
};
code:
事件的代码.如果事件的类型代码是EV_KEY,该代码code为设备键盘代码.代码植0~127为键盘上的按键代码,0x110~0x116 为鼠标上按键代码,其中0x110(BTN_ LEFT)为鼠标左键,0x111(BTN_RIGHT)为鼠标右键,0x112(BTN_ MIDDLE)为鼠标中键.其它代码含义请参看include/linux/input.h文件. 如果事件的类型代码是EV_REL,code值表示轨迹的类型.如指示鼠标的X轴方向REL_X(代码为0x00),指示鼠标的Y轴方向REL_Y(代码为0x01),指示鼠标中轮子方向REL_WHEEL(代码为0x08).
type:
EV_KEY,键盘
EV_REL,相对坐标
EV_ABS,绝对坐标
value:
事件的值.如果事件的类型代码是EV_KEY,当按键按下时值为1,松开时值为0;如果事件的类型代码是EV_ REL,value的正数值和负数值分别代表两个不同方向的值.
/*
* Event types
*/
#define EV_SYN 0x00
#define EV_KEY 0x01 //按键
#define EV_REL 0x02 //相对坐标(轨迹球)
#define EV_ABS 0x03 //绝对坐标
#define EV_MSC 0x04 //其他
#define EV_SW 0x05
#define EV_LED 0x11 //LED
#define EV_SND 0x12//声音
#define EV_REP 0x14//repeat
#define EV_FF 0x15
#define EV_PWR 0x16
#define EV_FF_STATUS 0x17
#define EV_MAX 0x1f
#define EV_CNT (EV_MAX+1)
1。模拟按键输入
//其中0表示释放,1按键按下,2表示一直按下
//0 for EV_KEY for release, 1 for keypress and 2 for autorepeat.
void simulate_key(int fd,int value)
{
struct input_event event;
event.type = EV_KEY;
//event.code = KEY_0;//要模拟成什么按键
event.value = value;//是按下还是释放按键或者重复
gettimeofday(&event.time,0);
if(write(fd,&event,sizeof(event)) < 0){
dprintk("simulate key error~~~/n");
return ;
}
}
2。模拟鼠标输入(轨迹球)
void simulate_mouse(int fd,char buf[4])
{
int rel_x,rel_y;
static struct input_event event,ev;
//buf[0],buf[2],小于0则为左移,大于0则为右移
//buf[1],buf[3],小于0则为下移,大于0则为上移
dprintk("MOUSE TOUCH: x1=%d,y1=%d,x2=%d,y2=%d/n",buf[0],buf[1],buf[2],buf[3]);
rel_x = (buf[0] + buf[2]) /2;
rel_y = -(buf[1] + buf[3]) /2; //和我们的鼠标是相反的方向,所以取反
event.type = EV_REL;
event.code = REL_X;
event.value = rel_x;
gettimeofday(&event.time,0);
if( write(fd,&event,sizeof(event))!=sizeof(event))
dprintk("rel_x error~~~:%s/n",strerror(errno));
event.code = REL_Y;
event.value = rel_y;
gettimeofday(&event.time,0);
if( write(fd,&event,sizeof(event))!=sizeof(event))
dprintk("rel_y error~~~:%s/n",strerror(errno));
//一定要刷新空的
write(fd,&ev,sizeof(ev));
}
鼠标和键盘文件打开方法:
int fd_kbd; // /dev/input/event1
int fd_mouse; //dev/input/mouse2
fd_kbd = open("/dev/input/event1",O_RDWR);
if(fd_kbd<=0){
printf("error open keyboard:%s/n",strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
fd_mouse = open("/dev/input/event3",O_RDWR); //如果不行的话,那试试/dev/input/mice
if(fd_mouse<=0){
printf("error open mouse:%s/n",strerror(errno));
return -2;
}
}
/dev/input/mice是鼠标的抽象,代表的是鼠标,也许是/dev/input/mouse,/dev/input/mouse1,或者空,
这个文件一直会存在。
这里你也许会问,我怎么知道/dev/input/eventX这些事件到底是什么事件阿,是鼠标还是键盘或者别的,
eventX代表的是所有输入设备(input核心)的事件,比如按键按下,或者鼠标移动,或者游戏遥控器等等,
在系统查看的方法是 cat /proc/bus/input/devices 就可以看到每个eventX是什么设备的事件了。
PS: 在GTK中用的话,可以参考下gtk_main_do_event这个函数
static void simulate_key(GtkWidget *window,int keyval,int press)
{
GdkEvent *event;
GdkEventType type;
if(press)
type = GDK_KEY_PRESS;
else
type = GDK_KEY_RELEASE;
event = gdk_event_new(type);
//event->key.send_event = TRUE;
event->key.window = window->window; //一定要设置为主窗口
event->key.keyval = keyval;
//FIXME:一定要加上这个,要不然容易出错
g_object_ref(event->key.window);
gdk_threads_enter();
//FIXME: 记得用这个来发送事件
gtk_main_do_event(event);
gdk_threads_leave();
gdk_event_free(event);
}
kernel里input模块
input_dev结构:
struct input_dev {
void *private;
const char *name;
const char *phys;
const char *uniq;
struct input_id id;
/*
* 根据各种输入信号的类型来建立类型为unsigned long 的数组,
* 数组的每1bit代表一种信号类型,
* 内核中会对其进行置位或清位操作来表示时间的发生和被处理.
*/
unsigned long evbit[NBITS(EV_MAX)];
unsigned long keybit[NBITS(KEY_MAX)];
unsigned long relbit[NBITS(REL_MAX)];
unsigned long absbit[NBITS(ABS_MAX)];
unsigned long mscbit[NBITS(MSC_MAX)];
unsigned long ledbit[NBITS(LED_MAX)];
unsigned long sndbit[NBITS(SND_MAX)];
unsigned long ffbit[NBITS(FF_MAX)];
unsigned long swbit[NBITS(SW_MAX)];
.........................................
};
/**
* input_set_capability - mark device as capable of a certain event
* @dev: device that is capable of emitting or accepting event
* @type: type of the event (EV_KEY, EV_REL, etc...)
* @code: event code
*
* In addition to setting up corresponding bit in appropriate capability
* bitmap the function also adjusts dev->evbit.
*/
/* 记录本设备对于哪些事件感兴趣(对其进行处理)*/
void input_set_capability(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int code)
{
switch (type) {
case EV_KEY:
__set_bit(code, dev->keybit);//比如按键,应该对哪些键值的按键进行处理(对于其它按键不予理睬)
break;
case EV_REL:
__set_bit(code, dev->relbit);
break;
case EV_ABS:
__set_bit(code, dev->absbit);
break;
case EV_MSC:
__set_bit(code, dev->mscbit);
break;
case EV_SW:
__set_bit(code, dev->swbit);
break;
case EV_LED:
__set_bit(code, dev->ledbit);
break;
case EV_SND:
__set_bit(code, dev->sndbit);
break;
case EV_FF:
__set_bit(code, dev->ffbit);
break;
default:
printk(KERN_ERR
"input_set_capability: unknown type %u (code %u)/n",
type, code);
dump_stack();
return;
}
__set_bit(type, dev->evbit);//感觉和前面重复了(前面一经配置过一次了)
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(input_set_capability);
static irqreturn_t gpio_keys_isr(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
int i;
struct platform_device *pdev = dev_id;
struct gpio_keys_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
struct input_dev *input = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
for (i = 0; i < pdata->nbuttons; i++) {
struct gpio_keys_button *button = &pdata->buttons[i];
int gpio = button->gpio;
if (irq == gpio_to_irq(gpio)) {//判断哪个键被按了?
unsigned int type = button->type ?: EV_KEY;
int state = (gpio_get_value(gpio) ? 1 : 0) ^ button->active_low;//记录按键状态
input_event(input, type, button->code, !!state);//汇报输入事件
input_sync(input);//等待输入事件处理完成
}
}
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
/*
* input_event() - report new input event
* @dev: device that generated the event
* @type: type of the event
* @code: event code
* @value: value of the event
*
* This function should be used by drivers implementing various input devices
* See also input_inject_event()
*/
void input_event(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)
{
struct input_handle *handle;
if (type > EV_MAX || !test_bit(type, dev->evbit))//首先判断该事件类型是否有效且为该设备所接受
return;
add_input_randomness(type, code, value);
switch (type) {
case EV_SYN:
switch (code) {
case SYN_CONFIG:
if (dev->event)
dev->event(dev, type, code, value);
break;
case SYN_REPORT:
if (dev->sync)
return;
dev->sync = 1;
break;
}
break;
case EV_KEY:
/*
* 这里需要满足几个条件:
* 1: 键值有效(不超出定义的键值的有效范围)
* 2: 键值为设备所能接受(属于该设备所拥有的键值范围)
* 3: 按键状态改变了
*/
if (code > KEY_MAX || !test_bit(code, dev->keybit) || !!test_bit(code, dev->key) == value)
return;
if (value == 2)
break;
change_bit(code, dev->key);//改变对应按键的状态
/* 如果你希望按键未释放的时候不断汇报按键事件的话需要以下这个(在简单的gpio_keys驱动中不需要这个,暂时不去分析) */
if (test_bit(EV_REP, dev->evbit) && dev->rep[REP_PERIOD] && dev->rep[REP_DELAY] && dev->timer.data && value) {
dev->repeat_key = code;
mod_timer(&dev->timer, jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(dev->rep[REP_DELAY]));
}
break;
........................................................
if (type != EV_SYN)
dev->sync = 0;
if (dev->grab)
dev->grab->handler->event(dev->grab, type, code, value);
else
/*
* 循环调用所有处理该设备的handle(event,mouse,ts,joy等),
* 如果有进程打开了这些handle(进行读写),则调用其对应的event接口向气汇报该输入事件.
*/
list_for_each_entry(handle, &dev->h_list, d_node)
if (handle->open)
handle->handler->event(handle, type, code, value);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(input_event);
event层对于input层报告的这个键盘输入事件的处理:
drivers/input/evdev.c:
static struct input_handler evdev_handler = {
.event = evdev_event,
.connect = evdev_connect,
.disconnect = evdev_disconnect,
.fops = &evdev_fops,
.minor = EVDEV_MINOR_BASE,
.name = "evdev",
.id_table = evdev_ids,
};
Linux 有自己的 input 子系统,可以统一管理鼠标和键盘事件。
基于输入子系统 实现的 uinput 可以方便的在用户空间模拟鼠标和键盘事件。
当然,也可以自己造轮子, 做一个字符设备接收用户输入,根据输入,投递 input 事件。
还有一种方式就是直接 往 evnent 里写入数据, 都可以达到控制鼠标键盘的功能。
本篇文章就是演示直接写入 event 的方法。
linux/input.h中有定义,这个文件还定义了标准按键的编码等
struct input_event {
struct timeval time; //按键时间
__u16 type; //类型,在下面有定义
__u16 code; //要模拟成什么按键
__s32 value;//是按下还是释放
};
code:
事件的代码.如果事件的类型代码是EV_KEY,该代码code为设备键盘代码.代码植0~127为键盘上的按键代码, 0x110~0x116 为鼠标上按键代码,其中0x110(BTN_ LEFT)为鼠标左键,0x111(BTN_RIGHT)为鼠标右键,0x112(BTN_ MIDDLE)为鼠标中键.其它代码含义请参看include/linux /input.h文件. 如果事件的类型代码是EV_REL,code值表示轨迹的类型.如指示鼠标的X轴方向 REL_X (代码为0x00),指示鼠标的Y轴方向REL_Y(代码为0x01),指示鼠标中轮子方向REL_WHEEL(代码为0x08).
type:
EV_KEY,键盘
EV_REL,相对坐标
EV_ABS,绝对坐标
value:
事件的值.如果事件的类型代码是EV_KEY,当按键按下时值为1,松开时值为0;如果事件的类型代码是EV_ REL,value的正数值和负数值分别代表两个不同方向的值.
/*
* Event types
*/
#define EV_SYN 0x00
#define EV_KEY 0x01 //按键
#define EV_REL 0x02 //相对坐标(轨迹球)
#define EV_ABS 0x03 //绝对坐标
#define EV_MSC 0x04 //其他
#define EV_SW 0x05
#define EV_LED 0x11 //LED
#define EV_SND 0x12//声音
#define EV_REP 0x14//repeat
#define EV_FF 0x15
#define EV_PWR 0x16
#define EV_FF_STATUS 0x17
#define EV_MAX 0x1f
#define EV_CNT (EV_MAX+1)
下面是一个模拟鼠标和键盘输入的例子:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <linux/uinput.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void simulate_key(int fd,int kval)
{
struct input_event event;
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.value = 1;
event.code = kval;
gettimeofday(&event.time,0);
write(fd,&event,sizeof(event)) ;
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.code = kval;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
}
void simulate_mouse(int fd)
{
struct input_event event;
memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);
event.type = EV_REL;
event.code = REL_X;
event.value = 10;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_REL;
event.code = REL_Y;
event.value = 10;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
}
int main()
{
int fd_kbd;
int fd_mouse;
fd_kbd = open("/dev/input/event1",O_RDWR);
if(fd_kbd<=0){
printf("error open keyboard:/n");
return -1;
}
fd_mouse = open("/dev/input/event2",O_RDWR);
if(fd_mouse<=0){
printf("error open mouse/n");
return -2;
}
int i = 0;
for(i=0; i< 10; i++)
{
simulate_key(fd_kbd, KEY_A + i);
simulate_mouse(fd_mouse);
sleep(1);
}
close(fd_kbd);
}
模拟了鼠标和键盘的输入事件。
关于这里 open 哪个 event , 可以通过 cat /proc/bus/input/devices
I: Bus=0017 Vendor=0001 Product=0001 Version=0100
N: Name="Macintosh mouse button emulation"
P: Phys=
S: Sysfs=/class/input/input0
U: Uniq=
H: Handlers=mouse0 event0
B: EV=7
B: KEY=70000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B: REL=3
I: Bus=0011 Vendor=0001 Product=0001 Version=ab41
N: Name="AT Translated Set 2 keyboard"
P: Phys=isa0060/serio0/input0
S: Sysfs=/class/input/input1
U: Uniq=
H: Handlers=kbd event1
B: EV=120013
B: KEY=4 2000000 3803078 f800d001 feffffdf ffefffff ffffffff fffffffe
B: MSC=10
B: LED=7
I: Bus=0019 Vendor=0000 Product=0002 Version=0000
N: Name="Power Button (FF)"
P: Phys=LNXPWRBN/button/input0
S: Sysfs=/class/input/input3
U: Uniq=
H: Handlers=kbd event3
B: EV=3
B: KEY=100000 0 0 0
I: Bus=0019 Vendor=0000 Product=0001 Version=0000
N: Name="Power Button (CM)"
P: Phys=PNP0C0C/button/input0
S: Sysfs=/class/input/input4
U: Uniq=
H: Handlers=kbd event4
B: EV=3
B: KEY=100000 0 0 0
I: Bus=0003 Vendor=046d Product=c018 Version=0111
N: Name="Logitech USB Optical Mouse"
P: Phys=usb-0000:00:1d.1-2/input0
S: Sysfs=/class/input/input24
U: Uniq=
H: Handlers=mouse1 event2
B: EV=7
B: KEY=70000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B: REL=103
我的鼠标是 罗技 的 Logitech USB Optical Mouse, 所以 鼠标是 event2
下面是一个读取 鼠标和键盘事件的例子:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
static void show_event(struct input_event* event)
{
printf("%d %d %d/n", event->type, event->code, event->value);
return;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
struct input_event event = {{0}, 0};
const char* file_name = argc == 2 ? argv[1] : "/dev/input/event2";
int fd = open(file_name, O_RDWR);
if(fd > 0)
{
while(1)
{
int ret = read(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
if(ret == sizeof(event))
{
show_event(&event);
}
else
{
break;
}
}
close(fd);
}
return 0;
}
很多人对于 如何模拟 CTRL + SPACE 感兴趣, 下面也给个例子,呵呵。
void simulate_ctrl_space(int fd)
{
struct input_event event;
//先发送一个 CTRL 按下去的事件。
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.value = 1;
event.code = KEY_LEFTCTRL;
gettimeofday(&event.time,0);
write(fd,&event,sizeof(event)) ;
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
//先发送一个 SPACE 按下去的事件。
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.value = 1;
event.code = KEY_SPACE;
gettimeofday(&event.time,0);
write(fd,&event,sizeof(event)) ;
//发送一个 释放 SPACE 的事件
memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.code = KEY_SPACE;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
//发送一个 释放 CTRL 的事件
memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.code = KEY_LEFTCTRL;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
}