Java多线程基础知识例子

一、管理

1、创建线程

Thread

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
		myThread.start();
	}
}

/**
 * 继承Thread来创建线程
 * 缺点是不能再继承其他的类了
 */
public class MyThread extends Thread {
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("继承Thread");
	}
}

Runnable

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Thread myThread = new Thread(new MyThread());
		myThread.start();
	}
}

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("实现Runnable");
	}
}

ThreadPool

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		//newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程。
		//newFixedThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。
		//newScheduledThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行。
		//newSingleThreadExecutor 创建一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。
		ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
		
		MyThread thread = new MyThread();
		executorService.execute(thread);
		
		System.out.println("线程池创建thread");
	}
}

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("实现Runnable");
	}
}

Callable

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
		FutureTask<Integer> result = new FutureTask<Integer>(myThread);
		Thread thread = new Thread(result);
		thread.start();
		
		try {
			System.out.println(result.get());
			System.out.println("end");
		} catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 实现Callable来创建线程并返回结果
 * 优点是可以返回结果，可以捕获异常
 */
public class MyThread implements Callable<Integer> {
	
	@Override
	public Integer call() {
		System.out.println("实现Callable");
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return 233;
	}
}

2、状态切换

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 线程状态：NEW、RUNNABLE、BLOCKED、WAITING、TIME_WAITING、TERMINATED
 */
public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		try {
			
			Object lock = new Object();
			System.out.println("线程运行：创建线程");
			Thread myThread = new Thread(new MyThread(lock));
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			
			//NEW
			System.out.println("线程状态：" + myThread.getState());
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			
			//启动线程然后等待lock
			System.out.println("线程运行：启动线程");
			myThread.start();
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
			
			//WAITING
			System.out.println("线程状态：" + myThread.getState());
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			
			//启动解锁线程唤醒lock
			//TIME_WAITING
			Thread unLockThread = new Thread(new UnLockThread(lock));
			unLockThread.start();
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
			System.out.println("线程状态：" + myThread.getState());
			
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			Thread lockThread = new Thread(new LockThread(lock));
			lockThread.start();
			
			//BLOCKED
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
			System.out.println("线程状态：" + myThread.getState());
			
			//RUNNABLE
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
			System.out.println("线程状态：" + myThread.getState());
			
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			System.out.println("线程运行：中断线程");
			myThread.interrupt();
			
			//TERMINATED
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
			System.out.println("线程状态：" + myThread.getState());
		
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	private Object lock;
	
	public MyThread(Object lock) {
		this.lock = lock;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			synchronized (lock) {
				System.out.println("线程运行：进入等待lock");
				lock.wait();
			}
			
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			System.out.println("线程运行：进入超时等待");
			
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
			System.out.println("线程运行：进入阻塞lock");
			synchronized (lock) {
				TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
				System.out.println("线程运行：获得锁");
			}
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			System.out.println("线程运行：无限运行");
			boolean flag = true;
			do {
				if(Thread.interrupted()) {
					flag = false;
					//System.out.println("线程运行：线程中断");
				}
			} while(flag);
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("线程运行：结束执行");
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class LockThread implements Runnable {
	
private Object lock;
	
	public LockThread(Object lock) {
		this.lock = lock;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("线程运行：LockThread占有锁3秒");
		synchronized (lock) {
			try {
				TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			System.out.println("线程运行：LockThread释放锁");
		}
	}
}

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class UnLockThread implements Runnable {
	
private Object lock;
	
	public UnLockThread(Object lock) {
		this.lock = lock;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("线程运行：UnlockThread唤醒lock");
		synchronized (lock) {
			lock.notify();
		}
	}
}

3、守护线程

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 守护线程会在所有线程结束后结束
 */
public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Thread daemonThread = new Thread(new DaemonThread());
		daemonThread.setDaemon(true);
		daemonThread.start();
		
		Thread myThread = new Thread(new MyThread());
		myThread.start();
		
		try {
			//等待线程结束
			myThread.join();
		} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("主线程便当");
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			try {
				TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			System.out.println("子线程存活确认");
		}
		System.out.println("子线程便当");
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class DaemonThread implements Runnable {
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		while (true) {
			try {
				TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			System.out.println("守护线程存活确认");
		}
	}
}

4、异常捕获

UncaughtExceptionHandler

import org.sy.lab.Java7并发编程实战.一线程管理.八线程中不可控异常的处理.ExceptionHandler;

//可捕获的异常分为非运行时异常和运行时异常
//非运行时异常必须在方法的生命体里throw或捕获
//运行时异常发生时如果没有捕获，只会在控制台输出堆栈信息，所以一般需要给线程设置未捕获异常处理器去捕获和处理异常
//顺序：线程的未捕获异常处理器 -> 线程组的未捕获异常处理器 -> 全局线程的未捕获异常处理器
public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Thread myThread = new Thread(new MyThread());
		myThread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new ExceptionHandler());
		myThread.start();
	}
}

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		int a = Integer.parseInt("TTT");
	}
}

import java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler;

public class ExceptionHandler implements UncaughtExceptionHandler {

	@Override
	public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
		System.out.printf("An exception has been captured
");
		System.out.printf("Thread: %s
", t.getId());
		System.out.printf("Exception: %s: %s
", e.getClass().getName(), e.getMessage());
		System.out.printf("Stack Trace: 
");
		e.printStackTrace();
		System.out.printf("Thread status: %s
", t.getState());
	}
}

线程组uncaughtException

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
		MyThreadGroup group = new MyThreadGroup("xs");
		for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {
			Thread thread = new Thread(group, myThread);
			thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new ExceptionHandler());
			thread.start();
		}
		
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		System.out.println("线程数量：" + group.activeCount());
		
		group.list();
		
		Thread[] threads = new Thread[group.activeCount()];
		group.enumerate(threads);
		for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
			System.out.println("线程" + threads[i].getName() + "状态：" + threads[i].getState() + " id：" + threads[i].getId());
		}
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("实现Runnable");
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
			Integer a = Integer.valueOf("a");
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

public class MyThreadGroup extends ThreadGroup {

	public MyThreadGroup(String name) {
		super(name);
	}
	
	@Override
	public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
		System.out.println("捕获到线程组的异常，异常线程：" + t.getName());
		e.printStackTrace();
		interrupt();
	}
}

import java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler;

public class ExceptionHandler implements UncaughtExceptionHandler {

	@Override
	public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
		System.out.printf("An exception has been captured
");
		System.out.printf("Thread: %s
", t.getId());
		System.out.printf("Exception: %s: %s
", e.getClass().getName(), e.getMessage());
		System.out.printf("Stack Trace: 
");
		e.printStackTrace();
		System.out.printf("Thread status: %s
", t.getState());
	}
}

Future

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
		FutureTask<Integer> result = new FutureTask<Integer>(myThread);
		Thread thread = new Thread(result);
		thread.start();
		
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
			System.out.println(result.get());
		} catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
			System.out.println("捕获到异常");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class MyThread implements Callable<Integer> {
	
	@Override
	public Integer call() throws Exception {
		int a = Integer.parseInt("TTT");
		return a;
	}
}

5、局部变量

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		MyThread unsafeThread = new MyThread();
		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
			Thread myThread = new Thread(unsafeThread);
			myThread.start();
			try {
				TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	//在当前的线程中保存变量的副本
	//ThreadLocal.get: 获取ThreadLocal中当前线程共享变量的值
	//ThreadLocal.set: 设置ThreadLocal中当前线程共享变量的值
	//ThreadLocal.remove: 移除ThreadLocal中当前线程共享变量的值
	//ThreadLocal.initialValue: ThreadLocal没有被当前线程赋值时或当前线程刚调用remove方法后调用get方法，返回此方法值
	ThreadLocal<Integer> num = new ThreadLocal<Integer>() {
		protected Integer initialValue() {
			return 0;
		};
	};
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			num.set(num.get() + 1);
		}
		System.out.println(num.get());
	}
}

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class UnsafeThread implements Runnable {
	
	private Integer num = 0;
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			num++;
		}
		System.out.println(num);
	}
}

6、线程组

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
		ThreadGroup group = new ThreadGroup("xs");
		for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {
			Thread thread = new Thread(group, myThread);
			thread.start();
		}
		
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		System.out.println("线程数量：" + group.activeCount());
		
		group.list();
		
		Thread[] threads = new Thread[group.activeCount()];
		group.enumerate(threads);
		for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
			System.out.println("线程" + threads[i].getName() + "状态：" + threads[i].getState() + " id：" + threads[i].getId());
		}
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("实现Runnable");
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

7、

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
		MyThreadFactory factory = new MyThreadFactory();
		Thread thread = factory.newThread(myThread);
		thread.start();
 	}
}

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("实现Runnable");
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;

public class MyThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {

	@Override
	public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
		
		System.out.println("工厂创建线程");
		Thread thread = new Thread(r);
		return thread;
	}
}

二、同步

1、synchronized

锁的对象

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		//UnsafeTick tick = new UnsafeTick();
		
		//锁住该对象
		//public synchronized void method { } 方法锁
		//synchronized(this) { } 代码锁
		//Tick1 tick = new Tick1();
		
		//锁住该类
		//public synchronized static void method { } 方法锁
		//synchronized(Test.class) { } 代码锁
		//Tick2 tick = new Tick2();
		
		//锁住非依赖属性
		//synchronized(o) {} 代码锁
		Tick3 tick = new Tick3();
		
		MyThread myThread = new MyThread(tick);
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			Thread thread = new Thread(myThread);
			thread.start();
		}
		
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(tick.getNum());
	}
}

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	private ITick tick;
	
	public MyThread(ITick tick) {
		this.tick = tick;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			tick.subtract();
			try {
				Thread.sleep(10);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

public interface ITick {
	
	public void add();
	
	public void subtract();
	
	public int getNum();
}

public class Tick1 implements ITick {
	
	private int num = 100;
	
	@Override
	public synchronized void add() {
		num++;
	}
	
	@Override
	public synchronized void subtract() {
		num--;
	}
	
	@Override
	public int getNum() {
		return num;
	}
}

public class Tick2 implements ITick {
	
	private int num = 100;
	
	@Override
	public void add() {
		synchronized(ITick.class) {
			num++;
		}
	}
	
	@Override
	public void subtract() {
		synchronized(ITick.class) {
			num--;
		}
	}
	
	@Override
	public int getNum() {
		return num;
	}
}

public class Tick3 implements ITick {
	
	private int num = 100;
	private Object obj = new Object();
	
	@Override
	public void add() {
		synchronized(obj) {
			num++;
		}
	}
	
	@Override
	public void subtract() {
		synchronized(obj) {
			num--;
		}
	}
	
	@Override
	public int getNum() {
		return num;
	}
}

public class UnsafeTick implements ITick {
	
	private int num = 100;
	
	@Override
	public void add() {
		num++;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void subtract() {
		num--;
	}
	
	@Override
	public int getNum() {
		return num;
	}
}

使用条件

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Storage storage = new Storage();
		
		Producer producer1 = new Producer(storage, 10);
		Producer producer2 = new Producer(storage, 10);
		Producer producer3 = new Producer(storage, 10);
		Producer producer4 = new Producer(storage, 50);
		Producer producer5 = new Producer(storage, 10);
		Producer producer6 = new Producer(storage, 10);
		Producer producer7 = new Producer(storage, 50);
		Producer producer8 = new Producer(storage, 10);
		Producer producer9 = new Producer(storage, 10);
		Producer producer10 = new Producer(storage, 10);
		
		Consumer consumer1 = new Consumer(storage, 50);
		Consumer consumer2 = new Consumer(storage, 20);
		Consumer consumer3 = new Consumer(storage, 30);
		
		Thread thread1 = new Thread(producer1, "生产者1");
		Thread thread2 = new Thread(producer2, "生产者2");
		Thread thread3 = new Thread(producer3, "生产者3");
		Thread thread4 = new Thread(producer4, "生产者4");
		Thread thread5 = new Thread(producer5, "生产者5");
		Thread thread6 = new Thread(producer6, "生产者6");
		Thread thread7 = new Thread(producer7, "生产者7");
		Thread thread8 = new Thread(producer8, "生产者8");
		Thread thread9 = new Thread(producer9, "生产者9");
		Thread thread10 = new Thread(producer10, "生产者10");
		Thread thread11 = new Thread(consumer1, "消费者1");
		Thread thread12 = new Thread(consumer2, "消费者2");
		Thread thread13 = new Thread(consumer3, "消费者3");
		
		thread11.start();
		thread12.start();
		thread13.start();
		thread1.start();
		thread2.start();
		thread3.start();
		thread4.start();
		thread5.start();
		thread6.start();
		thread7.start();
		thread8.start();
		thread9.start();
		thread10.start();
	}
}

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("实现Runnable");
	}
}

public class Consumer implements Runnable {
	
	private Storage storage;
	private int num;
	
	public Consumer(Storage storage, int num) {
		this.storage = storage;
		this.num = num;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		storage.subtract(num);
	}
}

public class Producer implements Runnable {
	
	private Storage storage;
	private int num;
	
	public Producer(Storage storage, int num) {
		this.storage = storage;
		this.num = num;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		storage.add(num);
	}
}

/**
 * 仓库
 */
public class Storage {
	
	private int max = 100;
	private int num = 0;
	
	public synchronized void add(int n) {
		
		while(num + n > max) {
			try {
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  要增加：" + n + "  仓库存量：" + num + "  无法加入，进入等待");
				wait();
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  被唤醒");
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		num += n;
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  已增加：" + n + "  现仓库存量：" + num);
		notifyAll();
	}
	
	public synchronized void subtract(int n) {
		
		while(num - n < 0) {
			try {
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  要取出：" + n + "  仓库存量：" + num + "  无法取出，进入等待");
				wait();
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  被唤醒");
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		num -= n;
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  已取出：" + n + "  现仓库存量：" + num);
		notifyAll();
	}
	
	public int getNum() {
		return num;
	}
}

2、ReentrantLock

创建锁

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Tick tick = new Tick();
		
		MyThread myThread = new MyThread(tick);
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			Thread thread = new Thread(myThread);
			thread.start();
		}
		
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(tick.getNum());
	}
}

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	private Tick tick;
	
	public MyThread(Tick tick) {
		this.tick = tick;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			tick.subtract();
			try {
				Thread.sleep(10);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Tick {
	
	private int num = 100;
	private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	
	public void add() {
		lock.lock();
		num++;
		lock.unlock();
	}
	
	public void subtract() {
		lock.lock();
		num--;
		lock.unlock();
	}
	
	public int getNum() {
		return num;
	}
}

读写锁

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Counter counter = new Counter();
		Read read = new Read(counter);
		Write write = new Write(counter);
		
		Thread thread1 = new Thread(read);
		thread1.start();
		
		Thread thread2 = new Thread(write);
		thread2.start();
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

public class Counter {
	
	private int num = 10;
	private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
	
	public void add() {
		lock.writeLock().lock();
		System.out.println("--开始写入");
		try {
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
				num++;
				try {
					TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			System.out.println("--结束写入");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.writeLock().unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public int read() {
		lock.readLock().lock();
		try {
			System.out.println("读取：" + num);
			return num;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.readLock().unlock();
		}
		return 0;
	}
	
	public int unsafeRead() {
		System.out.println("读取：" + num);
		return num;
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Read implements Runnable {
	
	private Counter counter;
	
	public Read(Counter counter) {
		this.counter = counter;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			counter.read();
			try {
				TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Write implements Runnable {
	
	private Counter counter;
	
	public Write(Counter counter) {
		this.counter = counter;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		counter.add();
	}
}

公平锁

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Tick tick = new Tick();
		
		MyThread myThread = new MyThread(tick);
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
			Thread thread = new Thread(myThread);
			thread.start();
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

/**
 * 实现Runnable来创建线程
 * 优点是可以继承其他的类，可以作为多个Thread的target实现资源共享
 */
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	private Tick tick;
	
	public MyThread(Tick tick) {
		this.tick = tick;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		tick.add();
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Tick {
	
	private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(false);
	
	public void add() {
		lock.lock();
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入锁");
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		//System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "离开锁");
		lock.unlock();
		
		lock.lock();
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入锁2");
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		//System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "离开锁2");
		lock.unlock();
	}
}

使用条件

public class Main {

	//酒吧里有100瓶老酒，吧台有3个位置，1次只能喝1瓶
	//1个酒保把老酒拿到吧台
	//5个酒鬼在吧台抢酒喝
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Bar bar = new Bar();
		Counter counter = new Counter();
		Bartender bartender = new Bartender(bar, counter);
		Drunkard drunkard = new Drunkard(counter);
		
		Thread thread = new Thread(bartender, "酒保");
		thread.start();
		
		for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
			Thread thread1 = new Thread(drunkard, "酒鬼" + i);
			thread1.start();
			try {
				Thread.sleep(100);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

public class Bar {
	
	private int beer = 100;
	
	public void getBeer() {
		beer--;
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "取走1瓶酒，酒窖剩余：" + beer);
	}
	
	public boolean hasBeer() {
		return beer>0 ? true:false;
	}
}

public class Bartender implements Runnable {
	
	private Bar bar;
	private Counter counter;
	
	public Bartender(Bar bar, Counter counter) {
		this.bar = bar;
		this.counter = counter;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		while (bar.hasBeer()) {
			bar.getBeer();
			counter.setBeer();
			try {
				Thread.sleep(10);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		counter.setOpen(false);
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Counter {
	
	private int beer = 0;
	private int max = 3;
	private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(false);
	private Condition set = lock.newCondition();
	private Condition get = lock.newCondition();
	private boolean open = true;
	
	public void setBeer() {
		lock.lock();
		try {
			while(beer == max) {
				set.await();
			}
			beer++;
			get.signalAll();
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿出1瓶酒，吧台老酒数量：" + beer);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void getBeer() {
		lock.lock();
		try {
			while(beer == 0) {
				get.await();
			}
			beer--;
			set.signalAll();
			System.out.println("--" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "喝掉1瓶酒，吧台老酒数量：" + beer);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public boolean hasBeer() {
		return beer>0 ? true:false;
	}

	public boolean isOpen() {
		return open;
	}

	public void setOpen(boolean open) {
		this.open = open;
	}
}

public class Drunkard implements Runnable {
	
	private Counter counter;
	
	public Drunkard(Counter counter) {
		this.counter = counter;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		while (counter.isOpen() || counter.hasBeer()) {
			counter.getBeer();
			try {
				Thread.sleep(100);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

三、同步辅助类

1、Semaphore信号量

//Semaphore有限流的效果
//10个文件，3台打印机，同时最多有3个文件处于正在打印的状态
public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Queue queue = new Queue();
		MyThread myThread = new MyThread(queue);
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			Thread thread = new Thread(myThread, "打印机" + i);
			thread.start();
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	private Queue queue;
	
	public MyThread(Queue queue) {
		this.queue = queue;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		queue.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Queue {
	
	private Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);
	
	public void print(String name) {
		
		try {
			semaphore.acquire();
			System.out.println(name + "开始打印");
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			System.out.println("--" + name + "打印结束");
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			semaphore.release();
		}
	}
}

2、CountDownLatch门阀

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

//CountDownLatch可以提供类似join的功能
//await等待其他线程，在计数减为0的时候继续执行
//例子里10个人参与众筹，在6个人参加后众筹成功
public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Crowdfunding crowdfunding = new Crowdfunding(6);
		Thread thread = new Thread(crowdfunding);
		thread.start();
		
		MyThread myThread = new MyThread(crowdfunding);
		for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
			Thread thread2 = new Thread(myThread, "客户" + i);
			thread2.start();
			try {
				TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	private Crowdfunding crowdfunding;
	
	public MyThread(Crowdfunding crowdfunding) {
		this.crowdfunding = crowdfunding;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		crowdfunding.join(Thread.currentThread().getName());
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class Crowdfunding implements Runnable {
	
	private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;
	
	public Crowdfunding(int num) {
		countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(num);
	}
	
	public void join(String name) {
		
		countDownLatch.countDown();
		System.out.println(name + "参与众筹，还需要数量：" + countDownLatch.getCount());
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("众筹开始，需求数量：" + countDownLatch.getCount());
		try {
			countDownLatch.await();
			Thread.sleep(10);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("众筹成功");
	}
}

3、CyclicBarrier同步屏障

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

//CyclicBarrier允许两个或者多个线程在某个点上进行同步
//可以传入另一个Runnable对象作为初始化参数，当所有线程都到达集合点后，CyclicBarrier类将这个Runnable对象作为线程优先去执行
//比CountDownLatch功能强大，支持用reset()方法重置，getNumberWaiting()可以获得阻塞的线程数量，isBroken()判断是否被中断
//例子里5个人参与众筹，在5个人参加后众筹成功，生产完产品，5个人结束众筹
public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Product product = new Product();
		Crowdfunding crowdfunding = new Crowdfunding(5, product);
		
		MyThread myThread = new MyThread(crowdfunding);
		for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
			Thread thread = new Thread(myThread, "客户" + i);
			thread.start();
			try {
				TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	private Crowdfunding crowdfunding;
	
	public MyThread(Crowdfunding crowdfunding) {
		this.crowdfunding = crowdfunding;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		crowdfunding.join(Thread.currentThread().getName());
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Product implements Runnable {

	@Override
	public void run() {
		
		try {
			System.out.println("众筹成功，生产产品..");
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
			System.out.println("产品发货");
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class Crowdfunding {
	
	private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;
	
	public Crowdfunding(int num, Runnable runnable) {
		cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(num, runnable);
	}
	
	public void join(String name) {
		
		System.out.println("当前参与人数：" + cyclicBarrier.getNumberWaiting());
		System.out.println(name + "参与众筹");
		try {
			cyclicBarrier.await();
		} catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(name + "完成众筹");
	}
}

4、Phaser阶段器

//Phaser是一种可重用的同步屏障，比CountDownLatch和CyclicBarrier更灵活
//Phaser默认不会进行异常处理，休眠的线程不会响应中断事件
//arriveAndAwaitAdvance()等待参与者到达指定的数量
//arriveAndDeregister注销当前线程，可以模拟CountDownLatch的功能
//继承Phaser可以实现更多的触发行为，其中onAdvance()返回true表示deregister所有线程并解除阻塞
//例子中模拟火箭分3个阶段升空的过程，有3个模块在每个阶段都要同时就绪，燃油要在前两个阶段就绪，然后在第2个阶段结束后回收
public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Rocket rocket = new Rocket();
		
		Module module1 = new Module(rocket);
		Module module2 = new Module(rocket);
		Module module3 = new Module(rocket);
		Fuel fuel = new Fuel(rocket);
		
		Thread thread1 = new Thread(module1, "模块1");
		Thread thread2 = new Thread(module2, "模块2");
		Thread thread3 = new Thread(module3, "模块3");
		Thread thread4 = new Thread(fuel, "燃料");
		
		thread1.start();
		thread2.start();
		thread3.start();
		thread4.start();
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Fuel implements Runnable {
	
private Rocket rocket = new Rocket();
	
	public Fuel(Rocket rocket) {
		this.rocket = rocket;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		
		try {
			
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep((int)(Math.random()*5));
			rocket.first(Thread.currentThread().getName());
			
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep((int)(Math.random()*5));
			rocket.secondRemove(Thread.currentThread().getName());
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Module implements Runnable {

	private Rocket rocket = new Rocket();
	
	public Module(Rocket rocket) {
		this.rocket = rocket;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		
		try {
			
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep((int)(Math.random()*5));
			rocket.first(Thread.currentThread().getName());
			
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep((int)(Math.random()*5));
			rocket.second(Thread.currentThread().getName());
			
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep((int)(Math.random()*5));
			rocket.third(Thread.currentThread().getName());
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.Phaser;

public class MyPhaser extends Phaser {
	
	public MyPhaser(int parties) {
        super(null, parties);
    }
	
	@Override
	protected boolean onAdvance(int phase, int registeredParties) {
		switch (phase) {
		case 0:
			System.out.println("火箭第1阶段就绪，就绪部件数量：" + registeredParties + "
");
			return false;
		case 1:
			System.out.println("火箭第2阶段就绪，就绪部件数量：" + registeredParties + "
");
			return false;
		case 2:
			System.out.println("火箭第3阶段就绪，就绪部件数量：" + registeredParties + "
");
			System.out.println("火箭升空
");
			return false;
		default:
			return true;
		}
	}
}

public class Rocket {
	
	private MyPhaser phaser = new MyPhaser(4);
	
	public void first(String name) {
		System.out.println(name + "在阶段1就绪");
		phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
	}
	
	public void second(String name) {
		System.out.println("--" + name + "在阶段2就绪");
		phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
	}
	
	public void third(String name) {
		System.out.println("----" + name + "在阶段3就绪");
		phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
	}
	
	public void secondRemove(String name) {
		System.out.println("--" + name + "在阶段2就绪");
		phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
		
		System.out.println("--" + name + "在阶段2结束后移除");
		phaser.arriveAndDeregister();
	}
}

5、Exchanger交换者

import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;

//Exchanger用于两个线程在到达同步点时交换数据
//可以用于遗传算法和校对工作
//例子中对产生后的2个银行流水进行比较
public class Main {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Exchanger<Integer> exchanger = new Exchanger<Integer>();
		
		Account1 account1 = new Account1(exchanger);
		Account2 account2 = new Account2(exchanger);
		
		Thread thread1 = new Thread(account1, "银行账单1");
		Thread thread2 = new Thread(account2, "银行账单2");
		
		thread1.start();
		thread2.start();
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Account1 implements Runnable {

	private Exchanger<Integer> exchanger;
	
	public Account1(Exchanger<Integer> exchanger) {
		this.exchanger = exchanger;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "已出账");
			
			Integer account = exchanger.exchange(233);
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "对方金额：" + account);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Account2 implements Runnable {

	private Exchanger<Integer> exchanger;
	
	public Account2(Exchanger<Integer> exchanger) {
		this.exchanger = exchanger;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "已出账");
			
			Integer account = exchanger.exchange(666);
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "对方金额：" + account);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

四、执行器

1、创建线程池

newFixedThreadPool

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

//创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程
public class Main {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
			MyThread myThread = new MyThread("任务" + (i+1));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			executor.execute(myThread);
		}
		
		for (int i = 5; i < 10; i++) {
			MyThread myThread = new MyThread("任务" + (i+1));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(300);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			executor.execute(myThread);
		}
		
		for (int i = 10; i < 15; i++) {
			MyThread myThread = new MyThread("任务" + (i+1));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(10);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			executor.execute(myThread);
		}
		executor.shutdown();
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	private String name;
	
	public MyThread(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始执行" + name);
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行结束");
	}
}

newCachedThreadPool

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

import org.sy.lab.多线程基础._4_执行器._1_创建线程池._1_newFixedThreadPool.MyThread;

//创建一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待
public class Main {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
			MyThread myThread = new MyThread("任务" + (i+1));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			executor.execute(myThread);
		}
		
		for (int i = 5; i < 10; i++) {
			MyThread myThread = new MyThread("任务" + (i+1));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(300);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			executor.execute(myThread);
		}
		
		for (int i = 10; i < 15; i++) {
			MyThread myThread = new MyThread("任务" + (i+1));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(10);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			executor.execute(myThread);
		}
		executor.shutdown();
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	private String name;
	
	public MyThread(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始执行" + name);
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行结束");
	}
}

newSingleThreadExecutor

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import org.sy.lab.多线程基础._4_执行器._1_创建线程池._1_newFixedThreadPool.MyThread;

//创建一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行
public class Main {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
			MyThread myThread = new MyThread("任务" + (i+1));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			executor.execute(myThread);
		}
		
		for (int i = 5; i < 10; i++) {
			MyThread myThread = new MyThread("任务" + (i+1));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(300);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			executor.execute(myThread);
		}
		
		for (int i = 10; i < 15; i++) {
			MyThread myThread = new MyThread("任务" + (i+1));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(10);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			executor.execute(myThread);
		}
		executor.shutdown();
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	private String name;
	
	public MyThread(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始执行" + name);
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行结束");
	}
}

newScheduledThreadPool

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.sy.lab.多线程基础._4_执行器._1_创建线程池._1_newFixedThreadPool.MyThread;

//创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行
public class Main {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(3);
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
			MyThread myThread = new MyThread("任务" + (i+1));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			executor.schedule(myThread, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
		}
		
		for (int i = 5; i < 10; i++) {
			MyThread myThread = new MyThread("任务" + (i+1));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(300);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			executor.execute(myThread);
		}
		
		for (int i = 10; i < 15; i++) {
			MyThread myThread = new MyThread("任务" + (i+1));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(10);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			executor.execute(myThread);
		}
		executor.shutdown();
		try {
			executor.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.DAYS);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	private String name;
	
	public MyThread(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始执行" + name);
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行结束");
	}
}

周期性任务

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.sy.lab.多线程基础._4_执行器._1_创建线程池._1_newFixedThreadPool.MyThread;

//创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行
//scheduleAtFixedRate      第3个参数表示前一个任务的开始时间和后一个任务的开始时间间隔
//scheduleWithFixedDelay 第3个参数表示前一个任务的结束时间和后一个任务的开始时间间隔
public class Main {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		ScheduledExecutorService  executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
		
		MyThread myThread = new MyThread("任务");
		executor.scheduleAtFixedRate(myThread, 0, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
		//executor.scheduleWithFixedDelay(myThread, 0, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
		
		executor.shutdown();
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class MyThread implements Runnable {
	
	private String name;
	
	public MyThread(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始执行" + name);
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行结束");
	}
}

2、Future线程控制

返回结果

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
		
		MyCallable myCallable = new MyCallable();
		
		Future<String> result = executor.submit(myCallable);
		try {
			System.out.println(result.get());
		} catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		executor.shutdown();
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

public class MyCallable implements Callable<String> {

	@Override
	public String call() throws Exception {
		
		return "这是callable返回的结果";
	}
}

处理第一个结果

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

import org.sy.lab.多线程基础._4_执行器._2_Future线程控制._3_处理所有结果.MyCallable;

//invokeAny 返回第一个完成没有抛异常的任务结果
public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
		
		MyCallable myCallable = new MyCallable(5, "任务1");
		MyCallable myCallable2 = new MyCallable(2, "任务2");
		
		List<MyCallable> list =new ArrayList<MyCallable>();
		list.add(myCallable);
		list.add(myCallable2);
		
		try {
			System.out.println(executor.invokeAny(list));
		} catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		executor.shutdown();
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class MyCallable implements Callable<String> {

	private int time;
	private String name;
	
	public MyCallable(int time, String name) {
		this.time = time;
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String call() throws Exception {
		TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(time);
		return "这是" + name + "返回的结果";
	}
}

处理所有结果

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

//invokeAll 接收一个任务列表，等待所有任务完成
public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
		
		MyCallable myCallable = new MyCallable(5, "任务1");
		MyCallable myCallable2 = new MyCallable(2, "任务2");
		
		List<MyCallable> list =new ArrayList<MyCallable>();
		list.add(myCallable);
		list.add(myCallable2);
		
		List<Future<String>> result = new ArrayList<Future<String>>();
		try {
			result = executor.invokeAll(list);
			for (Iterator<Future<String>> iterator = result.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
				Future<String> future = (Future<String>) iterator.next();
				System.out.println(future.get());
			}
		} catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		executor.shutdown();
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class MyCallable implements Callable<String> {

	private int time;
	private String name;
	
	public MyCallable(int time, String name) {
		this.time = time;
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String call() throws Exception {
		TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(time);
		return "这是" + name + "返回的结果";
	}
}

取消任务

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
		
		MyCallable myCallable = new MyCallable();
		
		Future<String> result = executor.submit(myCallable);
		System.out.println("isCancelled：" + result.isCancelled());
		System.out.println("isDone：" + result.isDone());
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("取消任务");
		result.cancel(true);
		System.out.println("isCancelled：" + result.isCancelled());
		System.out.println("isDone：" + result.isDone());
		executor.shutdown();
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

public class MyCallable implements Callable<String> {

	@Override
	public String call() throws Exception {
		while(true) {
            System.out.printf("Task: Test
");
            Thread.sleep(100);
        }
	}
}

控制任务的完成

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.sy.lab.多线程基础._4_执行器._2_Future线程控制._4_取消任务.MyCallable;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
		
		MyCallable myCallable = new MyCallable();
		MyFuture myFuture = new MyFuture(myCallable);
		
		executor.submit(myFuture);
		executor.shutdown();
		System.out.println("isCancelled：" + myFuture.isCancelled());
		System.out.println("isDone：" + myFuture.isDone());
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("取消任务");
		myFuture.cancel(true);
		System.out.println("isCancelled：" + myFuture.isCancelled());
		System.out.println("isDone：" + myFuture.isDone());
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

public class MyCallable implements Callable<String> {

	@Override
	public String call() throws Exception {
		while(true) {
            System.out.printf("Task: Test
");
            Thread.sleep(100);
        }
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

public class MyFuture extends FutureTask<String> {

	public MyFuture(Callable<String> callable) {
		super(callable);
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void done() {
		if(isCancelled()) {
			System.out.println("cancel");
		} else {
			System.out.println("done");
		}
	}
}

3、分离任务的启动和结束

import java.util.concurrent.CompletionService;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorCompletionService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		ThreadPoolExecutor executorService = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		CompletionService<String> service = new ExecutorCompletionService<String>(executorService);
		
		Producer producer1 = new Producer("生产者1", service);
		Producer producer2 = new Producer("生产者2", service);
		Consumer consumer = new Consumer("消费者", service);
		
		Thread thread1 = new Thread(producer1);
		Thread thread2 = new Thread(producer2);
		Thread thread3 = new Thread(consumer);
		
		thread1.start();
		thread2.start();
		thread3.start();
		
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		executorService.shutdown();
		consumer.setEnd();
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.CompletionService;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

public class Consumer implements Runnable {

	private String name;
	private boolean end = false;
	private CompletionService<String> service;
	
	public Consumer(String name, CompletionService<String> service) {
		this.name = name;
		this.service = service;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		while(!end) {
			Future<String> result = service.poll();
			try {
				if(result != null) {
					System.out.println(name + "消费 " + result.get());
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	public void setEnd() {
		end = true;
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Processor implements Callable<String> {

	private String name;
	
	public Processor(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String call() throws Exception {
		TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 3));
		System.out.println(name + "生产产品完成");
		return name + "生产的产品";
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.CompletionService;

public class Producer implements Runnable {

	private String name;
	private CompletionService<String> service;
	
	public Producer(String name, CompletionService<String> service) {
		this.name = name;
		this.service = service;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		Processor processor = new Processor(name);
		service.submit(processor);
	}
}

4、处理被拒绝的任务

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

//ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy:丢弃任务并抛出RejectedExecutionException异常。
//ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy：也是丢弃任务，但是不抛出异常。
//ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy：丢弃队列最前面的任务，然后重新尝试执行任务（重复此过程）
//ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy：由调用线程处理该任务
//自定义处理继承RejectedExecutionHandler类
public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		RejectedTaskController controller = new RejectedTaskController();
		ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor)Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(controller);
		System.out.printf("Main: Starting.
");
		for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {
			Task task = new Task("Task" + i);
			executor.submit(task);
		}
		System.out.printf("Main: Shutting down the Executor.
");
		executor.shutdown();
		System.out.printf("Main: Sending another Task.
");
		Task task = new Task("RejectedTask");
		executor.submit(task);
		System.out.printf("Main: End.
");
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

public class RejectedTaskController implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
	@Override
	public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
		System.out.printf("RejectedTaskController: The task %s has been rejected
", r.toString());
		System.out.printf("RejectedTaskController: %s
", executor.toString());
		System.out.printf("RejectedTaskController: Terminating: %s
", executor.isTerminating());
		System.out.printf("RejectedTaksController: Terminated: %s
", executor.isTerminated());
	}
}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Task implements Runnable {
	private String name;
	public Task(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.printf("Task " + name + ": Starting
");
		try {
			long duration = (long) (Math.random() * 10);
			System.out.printf("Task %s: ReportGenerator: Generating a report during %d seconds
", name, duration);
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(duration);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.printf("Task %s: Ending
", name);
	}
	public String toString() {
		return name;
	}
}

五、ForkJoin

六、集合

七、定制

八、监控

九、代码下载

代码下载：gitee