Flyweight 模式

如果一个应用程序使用了太多的对象， 就会造成很大的存储开销。 特别是对于大量轻量级 （细粒度）的对象，比如在文档编辑器的设计过程中，我们如果为每个字母创建一个对象的话，系统可能会因为大量的对象而造成存储开销的浪费。例如一个字母“a”在文档中出现了100000 次，而实际上我们可以让这一万个字母“a”共享一个对象，当然因为在不同的位置可能字母“a”有不同的显示效果（例如字体和大小等设置不同） ，在这种情况我们可以为将对象的状态分为“外部状态”和“内部状态” ，将可以被共享（不会变化）的状态作为内部状态存储在对象中，而外部对象（例如上面提到的字体、大小等）我们可以在适当的时候将外部对象最为参数传递给对象（例如在显示的时候，将字体、大小等信息传递给对象） 。

Flyweight 模式可以解决上面的问题，其典型的结构图为：

///////////////Flyweight.h////////////////////////
#pragma once
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Flyweight
{
public:
    virtual ~Flyweight();
    virtual void Operation(const string& extrinsicState);
    string GetIntrinsicState();
protected:
    Flyweight(string intrinsicState);
private:
    string  _intrinsicState ;
};

class ConcreteFlyweight : public Flyweight
{
public:
    ~ConcreteFlyweight();
    ConcreteFlyweight(string intrinsicState);
    void Operation(const string& extrinsicState);
protected:
private:
};

///////////////Flyweight.cpp//////////////////////////
#include "Flyweight.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

Flyweight::Flyweight(string intrinsicState)
{
    _intrinsicState = intrinsicState ;
}
Flyweight::~Flyweight()
{

}

void Flyweight::Operation(const string& extrinsicState)
{

}
string Flyweight::GetIntrinsicState()
{
    return this->_intrinsicState ;
}


ConcreteFlyweight::ConcreteFlyweight(string intrinsicState):Flyweight(intrinsicState)
{
    cout<<"ConcreteFlyweight Build....."<<intrinsicState<<endl;
}
ConcreteFlyweight::~ConcreteFlyweight()
{

}
void ConcreteFlyweight::Operation(const string& extrinsicState)
{
    cout<<"ConcreteFlyweight: 内部["<<this->GetIntrinsicState()<<"] 外部["<<extrinsicState<<"]"<<endl;
}

/////////////////FlyweightFactory.h////////////////////////////
#pragma once
#include "Flyweight.h"
#include <vector>
class FlyweightFactory
{
public:
    FlyweightFactory();
    ~FlyweightFactory();
    Flyweight* GetFlyweight(const string& key);

protected:
private:
    vector<Flyweight*> _fly ;
};

///////////////////FlyweightFactory.cpp//////////////////////////////
#include "FlyweightFactory.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
FlyweightFactory::FlyweightFactory()
{

}
FlyweightFactory::~FlyweightFactory()
{

}

Flyweight* FlyweightFactory::GetFlyweight(const string& key)
{
    vector<Flyweight*>::iterator it = _fly.begin();
    for (;it != _fly.end() ; it++)
    {
        if ((*it)->GetIntrinsicState() == key)
        {
            cout<<"already  created  by users...."<<endl; 
            return *it ;
        }
    }

    Flyweight* fn = new ConcreteFlyweight(key);
    _fly.push_back(fn);

    return fn ;

}

/////////////////////////main.cpp/////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "FlyweightFactory.h"
#include "Flyweight.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    FlyweightFactory* fc = new FlyweightFactory();
    Flyweight* fw1 = fc->GetFlyweight("hello");
    Flyweight* fw2 = fc->GetFlyweight("world");

    cout<<fw1->GetIntrinsicState()<<endl;
    fw1->Operation("red");

    cout<<fw2->GetIntrinsicState()<<endl;
    fw2->Operation("green");

    fc->GetFlyweight("hello")->Operation("black");
    getchar();
    return 0;
}