前言
最近开始使用起markdown来记学习笔记，因为经常有公式要写，就需要用到latex，到网上查来查去又不太方便，而且也很少能查到写的比较全的，就准备写下这篇文章。
插入数学公式
在markdown中插入数学公式的语法有两种：
- 行内公式
$数学公式$ - 行间公式
$$数学公式$$
如：
函数$ L(Y,f(X))=(Y-f(X))^2 $
函数
$$
L(Y,f(X))=(Y-f(X))^2
$$
函数$ L(Y,f(X))=(Y-f(X))^2 $
函数
[L(Y,f(X))=(Y-f(X))^2
]
如果需要加编号，加上 ag{编号}即可，如：
$$
L(Y,f(X))=(Y-f(X))^2
ag{1}
$$
[L(Y,f(X))=(Y-f(X))^2
ag{1}
]
上下标
上标可由^表示，下标可由_表示，若上下标不止一个字符则需用花括号{}括起
如：
n_x n^x
(n_x) (n^x)
分数
分数输入格式为frac{分子}{分母}
如：
$frac{1}{N}$
(frac{1}{N})
括号
() [] 和|都表示自己，但是{}需加
如：
$() [] | {}$
(() [] | {})
上下划线
$$
egin{array}
overline{a+b} \
underline{a+b} \
overleftarrow{a+b} \
underleftarrow{a+b} \
underleftrightarrow{a+b} \
vec x = vec{AB} \
overbrace {a+b}^ ext{a,b} \
a+
lap{overbrace{phantom{b+c+d}}^m}b+underbrace{c+d+e}_n+f
end{array}
$$
[egin{array}
overline{a+b} \
underline{a+b} \
overleftarrow{a+b} \
underleftarrow{a+b} \
underleftrightarrow{a+b} \
vec x = vec{AB} \
overbrace {a+b}^ ext{a,b} \
a+
lap{overbrace{phantom{b+c+d}}^m}b+underbrace{c+d+e}_n+f
end{array}
]
省略号
$$
egin{eqnarray*} \
ldots \
cdots \
vdots \
ddots \
end{eqnarray*}
$$
[egin{eqnarray*} \
ldots \
cdots \
vdots \
ddots \
end{eqnarray*}
]
线性方程组
使用case环境将多个公式组合
$$
L(Y,f(X))=
egin{cases}
1,quad &Y
eq f(X)\
0,quad &Y=f(X)
end{cases}
$$
[L(Y,f(X))=
egin{cases}
1,quad &Y
eq f(X)\
0,quad &Y=f(X)
end{cases}
]
另还有gathered环境
$$
left. egin{gathered}
S subseteq T \
S supseteq T
end{gathered}
ight}
implies S = T
$$
[left. egin{gathered}
A subseteq B \
A supseteq B
end{gathered}
ight}
implies A = B
]
数学模式重音符
$$
hat{a} check{a} ilde{a} acute{a}
grave{a} dot{a} ddot{a} reve{a}
ar{a} vec{a} widehat{a} widetilde{a}
$$
[hat{a} check{a} ilde{a} acute{a}\
grave{a} dot{a} ddot{a} reve{a}\
ar{a} vec{a} widehat{a} widetilde{a}
]
矩阵
$$
X =
left[
egin{matrix}
x^{(1)} & x^{(2)} & cdots & x^{(m)} \
x^{(1)} & x^{(2)} & cdots & x^{(m)} \
x^{(1)} & x^{(2)} & cdots & x^{(m)} \
end{matrix}
ight]
$$
[X =
left[
egin{matrix}
x^{(1)} & x^{(2)} & cdots & x^{(m)} \
x^{(1)} & x^{(2)} & cdots & x^{(m)} \
x^{(1)} & x^{(2)} & cdots & x^{(m)} \
end{matrix}
ight]
]
希腊字母
见下表
| 代码 | 大写 | 代码 | 小写 |
|---|---|---|---|
A |
A | alpha |
α |
B |
B | eta |
β |
Gamma |
Γ | gamma |
γ |
Delta |
Δ | delta |
δ |
E |
E | epsilon |
ϵ |
Z |
Z | zeta |
ζ |
H |
H | eta |
η |
Theta |
Θ | heta |
θ |
I |
I | iota |
ι |
K |
K | kappa |
κ |
Lambda |
Λ | lambda |
λ |
M |
M | mu |
μ |
N |
N |
u |
ν |
Xi |
Ξ | xi |
ξ |
O |
O | omicron |
ο |
Pi |
Π | pi |
π |
P |
P |
ho |
ρ |
Sigma |
Σ | sigma |
σ |
T |
T | au |
τ |
Upsilon |
Υ | upsilon |
υ |
Phi |
Φ | phi |
ϕ |
X |
X | chi |
χ |
Psi |
Ψ | psi |
ψ |
Omega |
Ω | omega |
ω |
常用数学符号
包括积分符号、集合符号、累乘累加符号等
见下表：
| 转义符号 | 效果 |
|---|---|
log_{x}y = arccos z |
(log_{x}y = arccos z) |
frac{a} {b} |
(frac{a} {b}) |
_{a}^{b} extrm{C} |
(_{a}^{b} extrm{C}) |
frac{partial {z_x}}{partial x} |
(frac{partial {z_x}}{partial x}) |
frac{partial^2 {x}}{partial x^2} |
(frac{partial^2 {x}}{partial x^2}) |
frac{mathrm{d} y}{mathrm{d} x} |
(frac{mathrm{d} y}{mathrm{d} x}) |
int x |
(int x) |
int_{a}^{b}x |
(int_{a}^{b}x) |
oint a |
(oint a) |
oint_{a}^{b}C |
(oint_{a}^{b}C) |
iint_{a}^{v}C |
(iint_{a}^{v}C) |
igcap A |
(igcap A) |
igcap_{a}^{b}C |
(igcap_{a}^{b}C) |
igcup c |
(igcup c) |
igcup_{a}^{b}C |
(igcup_{a}^{b}C) |
lim_{c}X |
(lim_{c}X) |
sum a |
(sum a) |
sum_{a}^{b}C |
(sum_{a}^{b}C) |
sqrt{X} |
(sqrt{X}) |
sqrt[a]{X} |
(sqrt[a]{X}) |
prod X |
(prod X) |
prod_{a}^{b} X |
(prod_{a}^{b} X) |
coprod X |
(coprod X) |
coprod_{a}^{b} X |
(coprod_{a}^{b} X) |
left [ a
ight ] |
(left [ a ight ]) |
left ( a
ight ) |
(left ( a ight )) |
left { a
ight } |
(left { a ight }) |
left langle a
ight
angle |
(left langle a ight angle) |
left lfloor a
ight
floor |
(left lfloor a ight floor) |
left lceil a
ight
ceil |
(left lceil a ight ceil) |
supseteqq A |
(supseteqq A) |
二元关系符
[egin{array}
& < & exttt{"<"} & > & exttt{">"} &= & exttt{"="}\
leq & exttt{"leq or le"} & geq & exttt{"geq or ge"} &equiv & exttt{"equiv"}\
ll & exttt{"ll"} & gg & exttt{"gg"} &doteq & exttt{"doteq"}\
prec & exttt{"prec"} & succ & exttt{"succ"} &sim & exttt{"sim"}\
preceq & exttt{"preceq"} & succeq & exttt{"succeq"} &simeq & exttt{"simeq"}\
subset & exttt{"subset"} & supset & exttt{"supset"} &approx & exttt{"approx"}\
subseteq & exttt{"subseteq"} & supseteq & exttt{"supseteq"} &approxeq & exttt{"approxeq"}\
sqsubset & exttt{"sqsubset"} & sqsupset& exttt{"sqsupset"} &Join & exttt{"Join"}\
sqsubseteq & exttt{"sqsubseteq"} & sqsupseteq& exttt{"sqsupseteq"} &owtie & exttt{"owtie"}\
in & exttt{"in"} &
i & exttt{"
i or owns"} &propto & exttt{"propto"}\
vdash & exttt{"vdash"} & dashv & exttt{"dashv"} &models & exttt{"models"}\
mid & exttt{"mid"} & parallel & exttt{"parallel"} &perp & exttt{"perp"}\
smile & exttt{"smile"} & frown & exttt{"frown"} &asymp & exttt{"asymp"}\
: & exttt{":"} &
otin & exttt{"
otin"} &
eq & exttt{"
eq or
e"}\
end{array}
]
三角函数与逻辑数学字符
| 数学字符 | 输入 | 数学字符 | 输入 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ± | pm | × | imes |
| ÷ | div | | | mid |
| ∤∤ | mid | ⋅ | cdot |
| ∘ | circ | ∗ | ast |
| ⨀ | igodot | ⨂ | igotimes |
| ⨁ | igoplus | ∅ | emptyset |
| ⋁ | igvee | ⋀ | igwedge |
| ⨄ | iguplus | ⨆ | igsqcup |
| ∠ | angle | 30^∘ | 30 ^ circ |
| sin | sin | cos | cos |
| tan | an | cot | cot |
| ′ | prime | ∭ | iiint |
| ⨌ | iiiint | ∞ | infty |
| ∇ | abla | ∵ | ecause |
| ∴ | herefore | ∀ | forall |
| ∃ | exists | ≯ | ot> |
| ⊄ | otsubset | sec | sec |
| ↑ | uparrow | ↓ | downarrow |
| ⇑ | Uparrow | ⇓ | Downarrow |
| → | ightarrow | ← | leftarrow |
| ⇒ | Rightarrow | ⇐ | Leftarrow |
| ⟶ | longrightarrow | ⟵ | longleftarrow |
| ⟹ | Longrightarrow | ⟸ | Longleftarrow |
| quad (空格) | # | # | |
| ⊥ | ot |
数学字体
字体表
[egin{array}
exttt{"normal"} & exttt{} & ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\
exttt{"blackboard"} & exttt{mathbb} &mathbb{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}\
exttt{"boldface"} & exttt{mathbf} &mathbf{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}\
exttt{"typewriter"} & exttt{mathtt} &mathtt{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}\
exttt{"roman"} & exttt{mathrm} &mathrm{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}\
exttt{"sans-serif"} & exttt{mathsf} &mathsf{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}\
exttt{"calligraphic"}& exttt{mathcal} &mathcal{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}\
exttt{"script"} & exttt{mathscr} &mathscr{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}\
exttt{"fraktur"} & exttt{mathfrak}&mathfrak{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}\
end{array}
]
色彩表
[egin{array}
hline
verb+color{black}{黑色}+ & color{black}{黑色} \
verb+color{darkgray}{深灰}+ & color{darkgray}{深灰}\
verb+color{gray}{灰色}+ & color{gray}{灰色} \
verb+color{silver}{银色}+ & color{silver}{银色} \
verb+color{lightgray}{浅灰}+&color{lightgray}{浅灰}\
verb+color{white}{白色}+ & color{white}{白色} \
hline
verb+color{brown}{棕色}+ & color{brown}{棕色} \
verb+color{maroon}{栗色}+ & color{maroon}{栗色} \
verb+color{red}{红色}+ & color{red}{红色} \
verb+color{fuchsia}{桃红}+ & color{fuchsia}{桃红} \
verb+color{magenta}{品红}+ & color{magenta}{品红} \
verb+color{pink}{粉红}+ & color{pink}{粉红} \
verb+color{orange}{橙色}+ & color{orange}{橙色} \
verb+color{yellow}{黄色}+ & color{yellow}{黄色} \
verb+color{lime}{青柠}+ & color{lime}{青柠} \
verb+color{olive}{橄榄}+ & color{olive}{橄榄} \
verb+color{green}{绿色}+ & color{green}{绿色} \
verb+color{aqua}{水绿}+ & color{aqua}{水绿} \
verb+color{cyan}{青色}+ & color{cyan}{青色} \
verb+color{teal}{靛青}+ & color{teal}{靛青} \
verb+color{blue}{蓝色}+ & color{blue}{蓝色} \
verb+color{navy}{海蓝}+ & color{navy}{海蓝} \
verb+color{violet}{罗兰}+ & color{purple}{罗兰} \
verb+color{purple}{紫色}+ & color{purple}{紫色} \
hline
end{array}参考
]
参考：
https://www.cnblogs.com/nowgood/p/Latexstart.html
http://jzqt.github.io/2015/06/30/Markdown中写数学公式/