• day15-collection和其子类


    1:对象数组(掌握)

             (1)数组既可以存储基本数据类型,也可以存储引用类型。它存储引用类型的时候的数组就叫对象数组。

             (2)案例:

                       用数组存储5个学生对象,并遍历数组。

    2:集合(Collection)(掌握)

             (1)集合的由来?

                       我们学习的是Java -- 面向对象 -- 操作很多对象 -- 存储 -- 容器(数组和StringBuffer) -- 数组

                       而数组的长度固定,所以不适合做变化的需求,Java就提供了集合供我们使用。

             (2)集合和数组的区别?

                       A:长度区别

                                数组固定

                                集合可变

                       B:内容区别

                                数组可以是基本类型,也可以是引用类型

                                集合只能是引用类型

                       C:元素内容

                                数组只能存储同一种类型

                                集合可以存储不同类型(其实集合一般存储的也是同一种类型)

             (3)集合的继承体系结构?

                       由于需求不同,Java就提供了不同的集合类。这多个集合类的数据结构不同,但是它们都是要提供存储和遍历功能的,

                       我们把它们的共性不断的向上提取,最终就形成了集合的继承体系结构图。

                      

                       Collection

                                |--List

                                         |--ArrayList

                                         |--Vector

                                         |--LinkedList

                                |--Set

                                         |--HashSet

                                         |--TreeSet

             (4)Collection的功能概述(自己补齐)

                       A:添加功能

                       B:删除功能

                       C:判断功能

                       D:获取功能

                       E:长度功能

                       F:交集(了解)

                       G:把集合转数组(了解)

             (5)Collection集合的遍历

                       A:把集合转数组(了解)

                       B:迭代器(集合专用方式)

             (6)迭代器

                       A:是集合的获取元素的方式。

                       B:是依赖于集合而存在的。

                       C:迭代器的原理和源码。

                                a:为什么定义为了一个接口而不是实现类?

                                b:看了看迭代器的内部类实现。

             (7)Collection集合的案例(遍历方式 迭代器)

                       集合的操作步骤:

                                A:创建集合对象

                                B:创建元素对象

                                C:把元素添加到集合

                                D:遍历集合

            

                       A:存储字符串并遍历

                                import java.util.Collection;

                                import java.util.ArrayList;

                                import java.util.Iterator;

                               

                                public class CollectionDemo {

                                         public static void main(String[] args) {

                                                   //创建集合对象

                                                   Collection c = new ArrayList();

                                                  

                                                   //创建并添加元素

                                                   c.add("hello");

                                                   c.add("world");

                                                   c.add("java");

                                                  

                                                   //遍历集合

                                                   Iterator it = c.iterator();

                                                   while(it.hasNext()) {

                                                            String s =(String) it.next();

                                                            System.out.println(s);

                                                   }

                                         }

                                }

                      

                       B:存储自定义对象并遍历

                                public class Student {

                                         private String name;

                                         private int age;

                                        

                                         public Student(){}

                                        

                                         public Student(String name,int age) {

                                                   this.name = name;

                                                   this.age = age;

                                         }

                                        

                                         //getXxx()/setXxx()

                                }

                               

                                import java.util.Collection;

                                import java.util.ArrayList;

                                import java.util.Iterator;

                               

                                public class StudentDemo {

                                         public static void main(String[] args) {

                                                   //创建集合对象

                                                   Collection c = new ArrayList();

                                                  

                                                   //创建学生对象

                                                   Student s1 = new Student("林青霞",27);

                                                   Student s2 = new Student("风清扬",30);

                                                   Student s3 = new Student("刘意",30);

                                                   Student s4 = new Student("武鑫",25);

                                                   Student s5 = new Student("刘晓曲",16);

                                                  

                                                   //添加元素

                                                   c.add(s1);

                                                   c.add(s2);

                                                   c.add(s3);

                                                   c.add(s4);

                                                   c.add(s5);

                                                  

                                                   //遍历集合

                                                   Iterator it = c.iterator();

                                                   while(it.hasNext()) {

                                                            Student s = (Student)it.next();

                                                            System.out.println(s.getName()+"---"+s.getAge());

                                                   }

                                         }

                                }

    3:集合(List)(掌握)

             (1)List是Collection的子接口

                       特点:有序(存储顺序和取出顺序一致)可重复。

             (2)List的特有功能:(自己补齐)

                       A:添加功能

                       B:删除功能

                       C:获取功能

                       D:迭代器功能

                       E:修改功能

             (3)List集合的特有遍历功能

                       A:由size()和get()结合。

                       B:代码演示

                                                   //创建集合对象

                                                   List list = new ArrayList();

                                                  

                                                   //创建并添加元素

                                                   list.add("hello");

                                                   list.add("world");

                                                   list.add("java");

                                                  

                                                   //遍历集合

                                                   Iterator it = list.iterator();

                                                   while(it.hasNext()) {

                                                            String s =(String) it.next();

                                                            System.out.println(s);

                                                   }

                                                   System.out.println("----------");

                                                  

                                                   for(int x=0; x<list.size(); x++) {

                                                            String s =(String) list.get(x);

                                                            System.out.println(s);

                                                   }

             (4)列表迭代器的特有功能;(了解)

                       可以逆向遍历,但是要先正向遍历,所以无意义,基本不使用。

             (5)并发修改异常

                       A:出现的现象

                                迭代器遍历集合,集合修改集合元素

                       B:原因

                                迭代器是依赖于集合的,而集合的改变迭代器并不知道。

                       C:解决方案

                                a:迭代器遍历,迭代器修改(ListIterator)

                                         元素添加在刚才迭代的位置

                                b:集合遍历,集合修改(size()和get())

                                         元素添加在集合的末尾

             (6)常见数据结构

                       A:栈 先进后出

                       B:队列 先进先出

                       C:数组 查询快,增删慢

                       D:链表 查询慢,增删快

             (7)List的子类特点(面试题)

                       ArrayList

                                底层数据结构是数组,查询快,增删慢。

                                线程不安全,效率高。

                       Vector

                                底层数据结构是数组,查询快,增删慢。

                                线程安全,效率低。

                       LinkedList

                                底层数据结构是链表,查询慢,增删快。

                                线程不安全,效率高。

                               

                       到底使用谁呢?看需求?

                       分析:

                                要安全吗?

                                         要:Vector(即使要,也不使用这个,后面再说)

                                         不要:ArrayList或者LinkedList

                                                   查询多;ArrayList

                                                   增删多:LinkedList

                                                  

                       什么都不知道,就用ArrayList。

             (8)List集合的案例(遍历方式 迭代器和普通for)

                       A:存储字符串并遍历

                       B:存储自定义对象并遍历

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/csslcww/p/9168410.html
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