1、线程在Java中,任何时间点都存在以下任何一种状态
- New
- Runnable
- Blocked
- Waiting
- Timed Waiting
- Terminated
下图显示了线程在任何时刻的各种状态。
2、线程的生命周期
- New(新线程):创建新线程时,它处于新状态。当线程处于此状态时,线程尚未开始运行。当一个线程处于新状态时,它的代码还没有运行,也没有开始执行。
- Runnable(可运行状态):准备运行的线程被移到可运行状态。在这种状态下,一个线程可能实际上正在运行,也可能随时准备运行。线程调度程序负责为线程提供运行时间。
多线程程序为每个线程分配固定的时间量。每个线程都会运行一段时间,然后暂停并将CPU交给另一个线程,这样其他线程就有机会运行了。当这种情况发生时,所有准备好运行、等待CPU和当前正在运行的线程都处于可运行状态。
- Blocked
- Waiting
- 当线程暂时处于非活动状态时,它将处于以下状态之一:
例如,当线程等待I/O完成时,它处于阻塞状态。线程调度程序负责重新激活和调度阻塞/等待的线程。处于此状态的线程在移到可运行状态之前无法继续执行。处于这些状态的任何线程都不会占用任何CPU周期。
如果当前正在运行的线程被移到blocked/waiting状态,则线程调度程序会安排另一个处于runnable状态的线程运行。线程调度程序负责确定要运行哪个线程。
4.Timed Waiting(定时等待):当线程调用带有超时参数的方法时,它处于定时等待状态。线程处于这种状态,直到超时完成或收到通知为止。例如,当一个线 程调用sleep或conditional wait时,它将被移到一个timed waiting状态。
5.Terminated(终止状态):线程因以下原因之一终止:
-
- 因为它正常存在。当线程的代码完全由程序执行时,就会发生这种情况。
- 因为发生了一些异常的错误事件,如分段错误或未处理的异常。
处于终止状态的线程不再消耗任何CPU周期。
3、用Java实现线程状态
在Java中,要获取线程的当前状态,请使用Thread.getState()方法获取线程的当前状态。Java提供java.lang.Thread.State类,该类定义线程状态的枚举常量,其摘要如下:
1、常量类型:New
声明:public static final Thread.State NEW
说明:尚未启动的线程的线程状态。
2、常量类型:Runnable
声明:public static final Thread.State RUNNABLE
说明:可运行线程的线程状态。处于可运行状态的线程正在Java虚拟机中执行,但它可能正在等待来自操作系统(如处理器)的其他资源。
3、常量类型:Blocked
声明:public static final Thread.State BLOCKED
说明:等待监视器锁定时阻塞的线程的线程状态。处于阻塞状态的线程正在等待监视器锁进入同步块/方法,或在调用Object.wait()后重新输入同步块/方法。
4、常量类型:Waiting
声明:public static final Thread.State WAITING
说明:由于调用以下方法之一使线程处于等待状态:
Object.wait 不带时间
Thread.join 不带时间
LockSupport.park
处于等待状态的线程正在等待另一个线程执行特定操作。
5、常量类型:Timed Waiting
声明:public static final Thread.State TIMED_WAITING
说明:具有指定等待时间的等待线程的线程状态。调用以下方法之一并且指定正等待时间让线程处于定时等待状态:
Thread.sleep 带时间
Object.wait 带时间
Thread.join 带时间
LockSupport.parkNanos
LockSupport.parkUntil
6、常量类型:Terminated
声明:public static final Thread.State TERMINATED
说明:终止线程的线程状态。线程已完成执行。
// Java program to demonstrate thread states class thread implements Runnable { public void run() { // moving thread2 to timed waiting state try { Thread.sleep(1500); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("State of thread1 while it called join() method on thread2 -"+ Test.thread1.getState()); try { Thread.sleep(200); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } public class Test implements Runnable { public static Thread thread1; public static Test obj; public static void main(String[] args) { obj = new Test(); thread1 = new Thread(obj); // thread1 created and is currently in the NEW state. System.out.println("State of thread1 after creating it - " + thread1.getState()); thread1.start(); // thread1 moved to Runnable state System.out.println("State of thread1 after calling .start() method on it - " + thread1.getState()); } public void run() { thread myThread = new thread(); Thread thread2 = new Thread(myThread); // thread1 created and is currently in the NEW state. System.out.println("State of thread2 after creating it - "+ thread2.getState()); thread2.start(); // thread2 moved to Runnable state System.out.println("State of thread2 after calling .start() method on it - " + thread2.getState()); // moving thread1 to timed waiting state try { //moving thread1 to timed waiting state Thread.sleep(200); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("State of thread2 after calling .sleep() method on it - "+ thread2.getState() ); try { // waiting for thread2 to die thread2.join(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("State of thread2 when it has finished it's execution - " + thread2.getState()); } }
输出:
State of thread1 after creating it - NEW State of thread1 after calling .start() method on it - RUNNABLE State of thread2 after creating it - NEW State of thread2 after calling .start() method on it - RUNNABLE State of thread2 after calling .sleep() method on it - TIMED_WAITING State of thread1 while it called join() method on thread2 -WAITING State of thread2 when it has finished it's execution - TERMINATED
说明:创建新线程时,该线程处于新状态。当对线程调用.start()方法时,线程调度程序会将其移到可运行状态。每当对线程实例调用join()方法时,执行该语句的当前线程将等待该线程移动到终止状态。因此,在控制台上打印最后一条语句之前,程序在thread2上调用join(),使thread1等待thread2完成执行并移动到Terminated状态。thread1进入Waiting状态,因为它正在等待thread2完成它的执行,因为它在thread2上调用了join。