oracle sqlplus及常用sql语句

常用sql语句

有需求才有动力

http://blog.csdn.net/yitian20000/article/details/6256716 常用sql语句

创建表空间：create tablespace 表空间名字 filedata 'd:db.dbf' size 20m uniform size 128k;
说明：创建一个20M的表空间，且表空间的区域大小为128K  。'd:db.dbf' 为数据文件
一个数据库由多个表空间构成，表空间又是由段构成，而段又是由区构成，而区又是由块构成，这样构成的可以提高数据的效率；
实际上表空间又是由多个数据文件构成，当表空间不够使用时，可以增加多个数据文件来增大表空间
增大表空间语句：alter tablespace 表空间名字 add filedata 'd:db2.dbf' size 200m ;
表空间脱机：alter tablespace 表空间 offline;

oracle常用数据字典，oracle10增加了不少数据字典10g r1 有1713个，r2有1870个：

alter user hr identified by 123qwe account unlock;

然后hr用户用sql developer去连接，几个参数为
hr:qwe123:ip:port:sid(orcl)就成功了

alter user hr account lock　　锁定账户
alter user hr password expire　　密码过期

alter user hr identified by zxcasd　　修改密码

select distinct user_password from user_info;　　过滤出user_password这一列，并去除重复行（加distinct）

select count(distinct user_password) from user_info;　　计数这一列的总行数

select * from client_login_history order by login_date desc;　　查看客户端登录历史，降序排列

select * from client_login_history where user_name like 'xian%' order by login_date desc;

查看索引的大小
SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments where segment_name=upper('&index_name');

select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments where segment_name=upper('&table_name');　　查看某表的大小

select sum(bytes)/(1024) as "size(K)" from user_segments where segment_name=upper('&table_name');

select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper('&table_name');　　查询某表的创建时间。

删除用户下所有对象
drop user hr cascade;
    要退出所有的hr用户连接，才能正确执行。
查询某用户所属表空间
select username,default_tablespace from user_users;
查询某表空间所有表
select table_name from all_tables where TABLESPACE_NAME='EXAMPLE'

select * from all_tables where tablespace_name='FLT_DATA';　　查询这个表空间有多少张表

select * from all_tables where owner='FLTDATA';　　查询这个用户有多少张表

select * from user_tables　　以某个用户登录，查询该用户有多少张表

select * from user_indexes　　以某个用户登录，查询该用户有多少个索引

select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name');　　查看索引被索引的字段

select * from all_tables where owner='FLT';　　结果集本身就有每一张表的行数

select * from all_tables where owner='FLT' order by num_rows desc;　　在上面的基础上加了按记录数降序排序

select sum(num_rows) as total from all_tables where owner='FLT';　　在上面的基础上实现了将记录数求和

select * from all_tables where tablespace_name='FLT_DATA' and owner='FLTDATA';　　查询这个用户的这个表空间有多少表，加了个and

select * from user_login_log where rownum <= 20 ;　　用伪列rownum来限制输出行数

select * from (select * from user_login_log order by start_time desc) where rownum < 220;　　先降序处理，再对结果限制输出行数，用了子查询

select * from user_online_real_time where is_online=1 order by login_time desc;　　7a的在线的客户端都是通过cs登录的

select * from user_info where user_id=10001522;　　在上面的基础上查看某个userid的具体定义

select * from v$session;　　查询当前登录用户相关信息

推理出数据库密码的加密方式，因为数了一下密文的位数是32位，并且不可逆，所以尝试md5

明文：123abc!@#，然后站长工具的加解密工具，md5-32位小，得出密文：8c13b5750412d922b01b2da95d24f8b6，用下面这条sql查询进行比对，验证，结果不出所料

select * from user_info where user_password like '8c13%' and user_name like '%FG%';

sessions=1.1*processes+5
show parameter session
show parameter processes
select count(*) from v$session where status='ACTIVE';　 并发连接数

select value from v$parameter where name='processes'; 数据库允许的最大连接数
select count(*) from v$process; 当前的数据库连接数
select value from v$parameter where name='sessions'
select count(*) from v$session;　　 当前的session连接数

SQL> select username,count(username) from v$session where username is not null group by username;　　查看不同用户的连接数

USERNAME                       COUNT(USERNAME)
------------------------------ ---------------
FLT                                        686
SYSMAN                                       2
DBSNMP                                       2
SYS                                          1
SQL> select username,count(username) from v$session where username is not null group by username;

USERNAME                       COUNT(USERNAME)
------------------------------ ---------------
SYSMAN                                       6
DBSNMP                                       6
FLTDATA                                    116
SYS                                          1

grantee　　n. 受让人；被授与者

查看用户lcpsys拥有的角色：

SQL>  select * from dba_role_privs where grantee='LCPSYS';

GRANTEE                GRANTED_ROLE              ADM DEF
------------------------------ ------------------------------ --- ---
LCPSYS                   DBA                  NO  YES

SQL>  select * from dba_role_privs where grantee='PLATFORM_USER';

GRANTEE                GRANTED_ROLE              ADM DEF
------------------------------ ------------------------------ --- ---
PLATFORM_USER               CONNECT                  NO  YES
PLATFORM_USER               RESOURCE               NO  YES

查看用户拥有的所有权限。

select privilege from dba_sys_privs where grantee='PLATFORM_USER'
union
select privilege from dba_sys_privs where grantee in
(select granted_role from dba_role_privs where grantee='PLATFORM_USER');

isqlplus

sqlplus是Oracle数据库的最常用的一种环境工具，它是sqlplus的Web版本。初学者都可以使用isqlplus进行对数据库的简单的操作，它的操作界面是非常简单的。
首先要启动它的服务
其次http://ip:5560/isqlplus/

SQL*PLUS命令

连接到某一个schema（user）,输入正确的用户名与密码后，才能进去，然后help才可用，
sqlplus /nolog进入交互界面，而不登录
随时都可以连接到其它schema,同时只能连接一个schema,（连接到另一个schema的同时，就会从当前schema中断开）。
断开只需要输入disco(不需要输入完整，只要不重名就可以了)

连接一个database(instance)

[oracle@oracle1 ~]$ sqlplus 

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Oct 30 21:26:39 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter user-name: test
Enter password: 

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> show user
USER is "TEST"
SQL> help index

Enter Help [topic] for help.

 @             COPY         PAUSE                    SHUTDOWN
 @@            DEFINE       PRINT                    SPOOL
 /             DEL          PROMPT                   SQLPLUS
 ACCEPT        DESCRIBE     QUIT                     START
 APPEND        DISCONNECT   RECOVER                  STARTUP
 ARCHIVE LOG   EDIT         REMARK                   STORE
 ATTRIBUTE     EXECUTE      REPFOOTER                TIMING
 BREAK         EXIT         REPHEADER                TTITLE
 BTITLE        GET          RESERVED WORDS (SQL)     UNDEFINE
 CHANGE        HELP         RESERVED WORDS (PL/SQL)  VARIABLE
 CLEAR         HOST         RUN                      WHENEVER OSERROR
 COLUMN        INPUT        SAVE                     WHENEVER SQLERROR
 COMPUTE       LIST         SET                      XQUERY
 CONNECT       PASSWORD     SHOW


SQL> disco
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show user
USER is ""
SQL> conn
Enter user-name: sys as sysdba
Enter password: 
Connected.
SQL> show user
USER is "SYS"
SQL> disc
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show user
USER is ""
SQL> help
SP2-0171: HELP system not available.
SQL> conn
Enter user-name: test
Enter password: 
Connected.
SQL> help

 HELP
 ----

 Accesses this command line help system. Enter HELP INDEX or ? INDEX
 for a list of topics.

 You can view SQL*Plus resources at
     http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/

 HELP|? [topic]


更改当前用户的密码

SQL> show user
USER is "TEST"
SQL> password
Changing password for TEST
Old password: 
New password: 
Retype new password: 
Password changed
SQL>


SQL> define
DEFINE _DATE           = "21-MAR-17" (CHAR)
DEFINE _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER = "aa" (CHAR)
DEFINE _USER           = "HR" (CHAR)
DEFINE _PRIVILEGE      = "" (CHAR)
DEFINE _SQLPLUS_RELEASE = "1102000400" (CHAR)
DEFINE _EDITOR         = "vi" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_VERSION      = "Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_RELEASE      = "1102000400" (CHAR)

SQL> define _editor=vi

SQL*PLUS命令书上介绍了连接命令、编辑命令、文件操作命令和交互式命令，下面我们补充一下格式化命令，这类命令的作用是对查询结果进行格式化输出，使得用户查看时更加直观。
在sqlplus执行sql时，经常碰到显示结果，跨行输出，致使可读性很差，看起来特别乱。可通过set linesize及column命令进行调整。
常用的格式化命令有：
    COLUMN(COL)
    REPHEADER(REPH)
    REPFOOTER(REPF)
    TTITLE(TTI)
    BTITLE(BTI)
SQL> show autocommit
autocommit OFF
SQL> set autocommit 10
SQL> set autocommit off
下面两个是一样的效果
SQL> set autocommit on
SQL> set autocommit immediate

五花八门的报表格式，数据库内容格式化输出就成为报表

SQL> column instance_name heading 'aaa|bbb'
SQL> column host_name heading 'ccc|ddd'
SQL> select instance_name,host_name from v$instance;

aaa
bbb
----------------
ccc
ddd
----------------------------------------------------------------
FLT
CentOS5

SQL> column host_name heading 'ccc,ddd'
SQL> /

aaa
bbb
----------------
ccc,ddd
----------------------------------------------------------------
FLT
CentOS5


SQL> set underline =
SQL> /

aaa
bbb
================
ccc,ddd
================================================================
FLT
CentOS5


SQL> set underline '-'
SQL> /

aaa
bbb
----------------
ccc,ddd
----------------------------------------------------------------
FLT
CentOS5


SQL>
SQL> column host_name clear
SQL> column instance_name clear
SQL> /

INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
HOST_NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------
FLT
CentOS5

任务综合
set pagesize 66
set newpage 0
set linesize 70
title center 
column a heading 'first|name'
column b heading 'month|salary' format $99,999
select a,b,c from aa where b>12000

SQL> archive log list
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /archive_dest/
Oldest online log sequence     2606
Next log sequence to archive   2608
Current log sequence           2608

设置行宽，默认80字符宽，设为200字符宽
SQL> show linesize
linesize 80
SQL> set linesize 200
设置页大小，默认每页10行，重新设为15行
SQL> show pagesize
pagesize 10
SQL> set pagesize 15
设置列（字段）的宽度或名称
设置每行能容纳的字符数，范围为1~32767 。在查询时，通常一条记录会显示一行，如果一行显示不下，则会自动换行。用户输入数据时，当一行输入的值超过一行的最大值时，也会自动换行。
column c1 format a20               --将列c1（字符型）显示最大宽度调整为20个字符
column c1 format 9999999          --将列c1（num型）显示最大宽度调整为7个字符
column c1 heading c2           --将c1的列名输出为c2
更改数字类型的输出格式
col empno format '99.9'
更改字符类型的输出格式，每行两个字符
col ename format a2
SQL> column c123 format a30
SQL> column c1 format a10
SQL> column c2 format a10
SQL> column c3 format a10

SQL> ttitle center "this is top"
SQL> btitle center "this is bottom"
SQL> set pagesize 5
SQL> select name from v$database;

                                   this is top
NAME
---------
FLT
                                 this is bottom

SQL> set newpage 0
SQL> set pagesize 50
SQL> repheader page center 'perfect widgets'
SQL> repheader off
SQL> ttitle center 'T H I S  I S  T O P' skip 1 - 
> center =================== skip 1 -
> left 'personal report' -
> right 'sales depart' skip 2
SQL> /
SQL> btitle skip 1 center 'this is bottom'
SQL> ttitle left 'personal' right 'page:' sql.pno skip 2
SQL> ttitle
ttitle ON and is the following 44 characters:
left 'personal' right 'page:' sql.pno skip 2
SQL> btitle
btitle ON and is the following 30 characters:
center 'this is bottom' skip 1

SQL> show all
appinfo is OFF and set to "SQL*Plus"
arraysize 15
autocommit OFF
autoprint OFF
autorecovery OFF

SQLPLUS有很多开关需要设置,如下:
set colsep' '; //域输出分隔符
set echo off;//显示start启动的脚本中的每个sql命令，缺省为on
set feedback off;//回显本次sql命令处理的记录条数，缺省为on
set heading off; //输出域标题，缺省为on
set pagesize 0;//输出每页行数，缺省为24,为了避免分页，可设定为0。
set termout off; //显示脚本中的命令的执行结果，缺省为on
set trimout on;//去除标准输出每行的拖尾空格，缺省为off
set trimspool on;//去除重定向（spool）输出每行的拖尾空格，缺省为off
set feedback off;
set heading off;
set echo off;
set term off;
set trimout on
set trimspool  on
set linesize 120;
set pagesize 0;
spool xxx.sql;
.................................
.................................
.................................
spool off;
 
set feedback off|on
设置为on，当执行insert,update，pl/sql等操作时，会提示执行的结果。如果设置为off，则不显示，缺省为on。
set heading off|on
设置打开(on)或关闭(off)查询结果页的头信息，如列标题，缺省为on。
set echo on|off
显示start|@启动的脚本中的每个sql命令（输出结果到文件中时即spool xxx.sql），缺省为on。缺省为off 。
set term[out] {on|off}
在用spool命令将一个大表中的内容输出到一个文件中时，将内容输出在屏幕上会耗费大量的时间，设置set termspool off后，则输出的内容只会保存在输出文件中，不会显示在屏幕上，极大的提高了spool的速度。必须运行脚本时中才有用，缺省为on。
set trimout on{on|off}
去除标准输出每行的拖尾空格，缺省为off.
set trimspool  on{on|off};　　
去除重定向（spool）输出每行的拖尾空格，缺省为off
set colsep  |
控制列分隔符为什么东东,此处为 "|"
set pagesize [n] （0）
用于设置每页的行数，范围为1~ 50000，如果为0，则表示不分页，不带n，表示为0。否则，缺省情况下，当查询结果的行数超过一页的行数时，就会分页显示，每页的开头会显示列标题信息。
set linesize n  （120）
设置每行能容纳的字符数，范围为1~32767 。在查询时，通常一条记录会显示一行，如果一行显示不下，则会自动换行。用户输入数据时，当一行输入的值超过一行的最大值时，也会自动换行。
set newp[age] {1|n|none}
    设置页与页之间的分隔
    当set newpage 0 时，会在每页的开头有一个小的黑方框。
    当set newpage n 时，会在页和页之间隔着n个空行。
    当set newpage none 时，会在页和页之间没有任何间隔。

SQLPLUS中实现纯净输出，格式化输出
加-s参数的结果如下:
加开关的话,得到的结果会更加精简,
怎么样,输出够精简的吧,可以直接作为结果传输给shell作为判断条件了
[oracle@rac01 ~]$ cat testsqlplus.sh
#!/bin/bash
sqlplus -s "/ as sysdba" <<EOF
set pagesize
show parameter
EOF

[root@rac01 sysconfig]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac01 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select group_number,disk_number,name,path from v$asm_disk;
SQL> select username,sid,serial# from v$session;
SQL> show parameter service --查看服务名
SQL> show all --查看所有68个系统变量值
SQL> show user --显示当前连接用户
SQL> show error --显示错误
SQL> set heading off --禁止输出列标题，默认值为ON
SQL> set feedback off --禁止显示最后一行的计数反馈信息，默认值为"对6个或更多的记录，回送ON"
SQL> set timing on --默认为OFF，设置查询耗时，可用来估计SQL语句的执行时间，测试性能
SQL> set sqlprompt "SQL> " --设置默认提示符，默认值就是"SQL> "
SQL> set linesize 1000 --设置屏幕显示行宽，默认100
SQL> set autocommit ON --设置是否自动提交，默认为OFF
SQL> set pause on --默认为OFF，设置暂停，会使屏幕显示停止，等待按下ENTER键，再显示下一页
SQL> set arraysize 1 --默认为15
SQL> set long 1000 --默认为80 


存储和打印查询结果，输出到一个文件或直接发送到打印机

SQL> spool outp
SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/oradata/FLT/redo03.log
/oracle/oradata/FLT/redo02.log
/oracle/oradata/FLT/redo01.log

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/oradata/FLT/control01.ctl
/oracle/oradata/FLT/control02.ctl
/oracle/oradata/FLT/control03.ctl

SQL> select status from v$Instance;

STATUS
------------
OPEN

SQL> spool off

[oracle@CentOS5 ~]$ cat outp.lst
SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/oradata/FLT/redo03.log
/oracle/oradata/FLT/redo02.log
/oracle/oradata/FLT/redo01.log

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/oradata/FLT/control01.ctl
/oracle/oradata/FLT/control02.ctl
/oracle/oradata/FLT/control03.ctl

SQL> select status from v$Instance;

STATUS
------------
OPEN

SQL> spool off
[oracle@CentOS5 ~]$

SQL命令

在oracle sql developer 2.1.1.64中操作

由于hr用户与sys用户权限不同，同一个语句可能在hr用户中无输出。

普通用户hr

show user;
select * from v$diag_info;
select count(*) from all_tables;	106张表
select count(*) from user_tables;
select * from user_tables;
select * from tab;
select * from tabs;
desc jobs;
select distinct tablespace_name from tabs;	查看当前用户使用的表空间
select * from user_tablespaces;
select * from user_free_space;
select * from user_users;		查看当前用户默认表空间
select * from user_role_privs;		查看当前用户的角色
select * from user_sys_privs;		查看当前用户的系统权限
select * from user_tab_privs;		查看当前用户的表级权限

sys用户

show user;
select * from v_$version;
select * from product_component_version;
查看数据库的版本(精确过滤出所要的数据)
select version from product_component_version where substr(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';
查看数据文件-联合查询
select name from v$datafile union select name from v$tempfile;
select * from v$controlfile;
select * from v$logfile;
select * from v$archived_log;		查看归档日志文件
select * from v$diag_info;
select * from v$spparameter;
select * from v$process;
select * from v$instance;
select * from v$database;
select created, log_mode from v$database;	查看数据库的创建日期与归档方式
select count(*) from all_tables;	2783张表
select count(*) from user_tables;	956张表

select distinct tablespace_name from tabs;	查看当前用户使用的表空间
select * from dba_tablespaces;		查看所有的表空间
select * from user_tablespaces;
select * from dba_free_space;		下面两条是一样的结果
select * from user_free_space;
select * from user_users;		查看当前用户默认表空间
select * from dba_users;
select * from all_users;
select * from tab;
select * from tabs;

查看数据库库对象
select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;
显示当前连接
select * from v$session where status = 'INACTIVE' and username is not null;
查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name;

查看表空间已经使用的百分比
select a.tablespace_name,a.bytes/1024/1024 "Sum MB",(a.bytes-b.bytes)/1024/1024 "used MB",b.bytes/1024/1024 "free MB",round(((a.bytes-b.bytes)/a.bytes)*100,2) "percent_used"  
from  
(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) bytes from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name)   a,  
(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) bytes,max(bytes) largest from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name)   b  
where   a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name  
order   by   ((a.bytes-b.bytes)/a.bytes)   desc
“Sum MB”表示表空间所有的数据文件总共在操作系统占用磁盘空间的大小
比如：test表空间有2个数据文件，datafile1为300MB，datafile2为400MB，那么test表空间的“Sum MB”就是700MB
“userd MB”表示表空间已经使用了多少
“free MB”表示表空间剩余多少
“percent_user”表示已经使用的百分比
从上面中查看到FLT_INDX表空间已使用百分比达到90%以上，可以查看该表空间总共有几个数据文件，每个数据文件是否自动扩展，可以自动扩展的最大值。
select file_name,tablespace_name,bytes/1024/1024 "bytes MB",maxbytes/1024/1024 "maxbytes MB" 
from dba_data_files  
where tablespace_name='USERS'
查看 xxx 表空间是否为自动扩展   
select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name,autoextensible,increment_by from dba_data_files order by file_id desc;
确认磁盘空间足够，增加一个数据文件
alter tablespace MLOG_NORM_SPACE  
add datafile '/oracle/oms/oradata/mlog/Mlog_Norm_data001.dbf'  
size 10M autoextend on maxsize 20G
验证已经增加的数据文件
select   file_name,file_id,tablespace_name   from   dba_data_files  
where   tablespace_name='MLOG_NORM_SPACE'
如何删除表空间数据文件，如下：
alter   tablespace   MLOG_NORM_SPACE  
drop    datafile '/oracle/oms/oradata/mlog/Mlog_Norm_data001.dbf'
通过查询dba_free_space表可以了解一个tablespace的空间使用情况。
TABLESPACE_NAME：
    Name of the tablespace containing the extent
FILE_ID：
    ID number of the file containing the extent
BLOCK_ID：
    Starting block number of the extent
BYTES：
    Size of the extent in bytes
BLOCKS：
    Size of the extent in ORACLE block
查询表空间的free space
select  
tablespace_name,  
count(*) as extends,  
round(sum(bytes)/1024/1024, 2) as MB,  
sum(blocks) as blocks  
from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;

SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name,bytes/1024/1024 "bytes MB",maxbytes/1024/1024 "maxbytes MB"
  2  from dba_data_files
  3  where tablespace_name='FLT_ALARM_REALTIME_201512';

FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLESPACE_NAME                  bytes MB maxbytes MB
------------------------------ ---------- -----------
/5A/oracle/oradata/flt/FLT_alarm_realtime_201512.dbf
FLT_ALARM_REALTIME_201512             200  32767.9844

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.1.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

查看各组件及版本
SQL> set pagesize 50
SQL> SELECT * FROM PRODUCT_COMPONENT_VERSION;
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$OPTION;

[oracle@CentOS5 ~]$ cat sid.sql
SELECT s.sid, s.serial#, p.spid as "OS PID",s.username, s.module, st.value/100 as "CPU sec"
FROM v$sesstat st, v$statname sn, v$session s, v$process p
WHERE sn.name = 'CPU used by this session' -- CPU
AND st.statistic# = sn.statistic#
AND st.sid = s.sid
AND s.paddr = p.addr
AND s.last_call_et < 1800 -- active within last 1/2 hour
AND s.logon_time > (SYSDATE - 240/1440) -- sessions logged on within 4 hours
ORDER BY st.value;

SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> @sid.sql

       SID    SERIAL# OS PID       USERNAME                       MODULE                                              CPU sec
---------- ---------- ------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ----------
      1571      40501 3915                                                                                                  0
      1547       4589 15249        SYS                            sqlplus@CentOS5 (TNS V1-V3)                             .05
      1569      58974 15059        FLT                            httpd@CentOS5 (TNS V1-V3)                               .64
      1552       7572 15090        FLT                            httpd@CentOS5 (TNS V1-V3)                               .69
      1553       3776 14748        FLT                            httpd@CentOS5 (TNS V1-V3)                              1.34

默认后缀是sql,除非用set suf 修改，如下：
SQL> set suf aa
SQL> store set ccd
Created file ccd
SQL> host ls -l
total 740
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   2068 Jun 18 16:36 ccd.aa

表是逻辑存储单元，它是保存在数据库的表空间的，而真正的数据是存放在表空间对应的数据文件中的。你可以问表在那个表空间中？方法是：
select tablespace_name from dba_tables where table_name='help';
SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS WHERE object_type = 'TABLE' AND object_name = 'help';
SQL> select * from nls_session_parameters;
SQL> select * from v$nls_valid_values;

根据地区代码表查询身份证号，省市县生日
模糊查询district_name字段中有武功的行
 select * from district_info 
 where district_name like '%武功%'
按照start_time字段升序排列
 select * from gather_driver_login_log
 order by start_time


The table below lists every Oracle-supplied package and type that is currently installed in the database.

SELECT DISTINCT Owner, Object_Type, Object_Name FROM DBA_Objects_AE
WHERE Owner IN (
'SYS', 'OUTLN', 'SYSTEM', 'CTXSYS', 'DBSNMP',
'LOGSTDBY_ADMINISTRATOR', 'ORDSYS',
'ORDPLUGINS', 'OEM_MONITOR', 'MDSYS', 'LBACSYS', 
'DMSYS', 'WMSYS', 'OLAPDBA', 'OLAPSVR', 'OLAP_USER',
'OLAPSYS', 'EXFSYS', 'SYSMAN', 'MDDATA',
'SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA', 'XDB', 'ODM')
AND Object_Type IN ('PACKAGE', 'TYPE')
ORDER BY Owner, Object_Type, Object_Name

[oracle@oracle admin]$ sqlplus /NOLOG

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Sep 13 14:25:27 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn hr
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> select table_name from user_tables;

TABLE_NAME
------------------------------
COUNTRIES
JOBS
EMPLOYEES
LOCATIONS
DEPARTMENTS
JOB_HISTORY
REGIONS

7 rows selected.
SQL> disconn
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show user;
USER is ""


SQL> conn sys
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-28009: connection as SYS should be as SYSDBA or SYSOPER

SQL> conn sys/asdqwe123
ERROR:
ORA-28009: connection as SYS should be as SYSDBA or SYSOPER

SQL> conn sys/asdqwe123 as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> show user
USER is "SYS"
SQL> conn hr
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> show user
USER is "HR"


账户的锁定与密码的过期。

SQL> conn sys/123456 as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter user hr password expire;

User altered.

SQL> conn hr
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-28001: the password has expired

Changing password for hr
New password:
Retype new password:
Password changed
Connected.
SQL>

SQL> alter user hr account lock;

User altered.

SQL> disconn
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> conn hr
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-28000: the account is locked

alter user hr identified by zxcasd