• .NET Core RabbitMQ探索(2)——RabbitMQ的Exchange


      实际上,RabbitMQ的生产者并不会直接把消息发送给队列,甚至生产者都不知道消息是否会被发送给一个队列。对于生产者而言,它们只能把消息发送到Exchange,一个Exchange所完成的工作相当简单,一方面,它从生产者那里接收消息;另一方面它将消息存入队列中。一个Exchange需要准确的知道它要如何处理它接收到的消息,例如,它需要把消息转发到特定的队列,还是进行广播处理,或者直接将它丢弃。可以通过exchange type来定义Exchange处理消息的规则。
      整个框架结构图如图所示。

      Exchange types有以下几种:direct、topic、headers和fanout。如果我们没有定义Exchange,那么系统就会默认使用一个默认的Exchange,名为:"",就像我们入门篇里的一样,它会自己创建一个""的默认Exchange,然后将消息转发给特定routingKey的队列。

    • Direct Exchange

      使用direct exchange时,会将exchange与特定的队列进行绑定,转发时由routingkey进行队列的匹配,如图所示。

      在direct类型的exchange中,只有这两个routingkey完全相同,exchange才会选择对应的binding进行消息路由,代码示例如下所示:

    1. 首先我们需要将exchange和queue进行binding
    channel.QueueBind(queue: "create_pdf_queue",
                        exchange: "pdf_events",
                        routingKey: "pdf_create",
                        arguments: null);

      绑定时需要设置:队列名、exchange名和它们的routingkey。

    1. 在发送消息到exchange时会设置对应的routingkey
    channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "pdf_events",
                            routingKey: "pdf_create",
                            basicProperties: properties,
                            body: body);

      生产者发布消息时,需要设置exchange名和routingKey,如果exchange名和routingKey都与上述绑定的完全一致,那么该exchange就会将这条消息路由到队列。

    • Topic Exchange

      此类exchange与direct类似,唯一不同的地方是,direct类型要求routingKey完全一致,而这里可以可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配,符号“#”匹配一个或多个词,符号“*”匹配不多不少一个词。因此“JiangYuZhou.#”能够匹配到“JiangYuZhou.pets.cat”,但是“JiangYuZhou.*” 只会匹配到“JiangYuZhou.money”。
      所以,Topic Exchange 使用非常灵活,topic exchange如图所示。

      例如,我们首先声明一个topic exchange,它的名称为"agreements":

    // Topic类型的exchange, 名称 agreements
        channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "agreements",
                                type: ExchangeType.Topic,
                                durable: true,
                                autoDelete: false,
                                arguments: null);

      然后,我们声明三个队列,它们分别如下:

    // 创建berlin_agreements队列
        channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "berlin_agreements",
                                durable: true,
                                exclusive: false,
                                autoDelete: false,
                                arguments: null);
    
        //创建 all_agreements 队列
        channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "all_agreements",
                                durable: true,
                                exclusive: false,
                                autoDelete: false,
                                arguments: null);
    
        //创建 headstore_agreements 队列
        channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "headstore_agreements",
                                durable: true,
                                exclusive: false,
                                autoDelete: false,
                                arguments: null);

      最后,我们将agreements exchange分别与上面的三个队列以不同通配符的routingKey进行绑定:

    //绑定 agreements --> berlin_agreements 使用routingkey:agreements.eu.berlin.#
        channel.QueueBind(queue: "berlin_agreements",
                            exchange: "agreements",
                            routingKey: "agreements.eu.berlin.#",
                            arguments: null);
    
        //绑定 agreements --> all_agreements 使用routingkey:agreements.#
        channel.QueueBind(queue: "all_agreements",
                            exchange: "agreements",
                            routingKey: "agreements.#",
                            arguments: null);
    
        //绑定 agreements --> headstore_agreements 使用routingkey:agreements.eu.*.headstore
        channel.QueueBind(queue: "headstore_agreements",
                            exchange: "agreements",
                            routingKey: "agreements.eu.*.headstore",
                            arguments: null);

      这时我们如果发送下列消息:

     var message = "hello world";
     var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
     var properties = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
     properties.Persistent = true;
    
    channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "agreements",
        routingKey: "agreements.eu.berlin",
        basicProperties: properties,
        body: body);

      该消息设置的exchange为"agreements",routingKey为"agreements.eu.berlin",所以它可以匹配上面的"agreements.eu.berlin.#"和"agreements.#",消息被转发到了"berlin_agreements"和"all_agreements"队列。

    • Fanout Exchange

      该exchange无需对routingKey进行匹配操作,而是很简单的直接将消息路由到所有绑定的队列中,如图所示。

    • Header Exchange

      此类型的路由规是根据header来判断的,首先需要以键值对的形式设置header的参数,在绑定exchange的时候将header以arguments的形式传递进去,传递参数时,键为"x-match"的header可以设置它的值为all或any,其中,all表示只有当发布的消息匹配该header中除"x-match"以外的所有值时,消息才会被转发到该队列;any表示当发布的消息匹配该header种除"x-match"外的任意值时,该消息会被转发到匹配队列。

    代码操练

      最后我们以header exchange为例,演示我们的Exchange。首先我们创建四个项目,其中一个作为生产者,另作三个均作为消费者,并且使用:

    dotnet add package RabbitMQ.Client

      给四个项目均安装上RabbitMQ的.NET包,并进行restore,项目结构如图所示:

      开始编写Send端的代码,其中,RabbitMQ还是使用我们在上一章种使用的Docker中RabbitMQ,程序如下:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Text;
    using RabbitMQ.Client;
    
    namespace Send
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "148.70.210.208" };
                using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
                {
                    using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
                    {
                        //声明Headers类型的exchange,名称为agreements
                        channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "agreements",
                            type: ExchangeType.Headers,
                            autoDelete: false,
                            arguments: null);
    
                        //创建队列queue.A
                        channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "queue.A",
                            durable: true,
                            exclusive: false,
                            autoDelete: false,
                            arguments: null);
    
                        //创建队列queue.B
                        channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "queue.B",
                            durable: true,
                            exclusive: false,
                            autoDelete: false,
                            arguments: null);
    
                        //创建队列queue.C
                        channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "queue.C",
                            durable: true,
                            exclusive: false,
                            autoDelete: false,
                            arguments: null);
    
                        //绑定agreements=>queue.A,使用arguments(format=pdf、type=report、x-match=all)
                        //只有当header中同时满足format=pdf、type=report时,消息才会被转发到队列A
                        Dictionary<string, object> aHeader = new Dictionary<string, object>();
                        aHeader.Add("format", "pdf");
                        aHeader.Add("type", "report");
                        aHeader.Add("x-match", "all");
                        channel.QueueBind(queue: "queue.A",
                            exchange: "agreements",
                            routingKey: string.Empty,
                            arguments: aHeader);
    
                        //绑定agreements=>queue.B,使用arguments(format=pdf、type=log、x-match=any)
                        //当header中满足format=pdf或type=log任意一个时,消息就会被转发到队列B
                        Dictionary<string, object> bHeader = new Dictionary<string, object>();
                        bHeader.Add("format", "pdf");
                        bHeader.Add("type", "log");
                        bHeader.Add("x-match", "any");
                        channel.QueueBind(queue: "queue.B",
                            exchange: "agreements",
                            routingKey: string.Empty,
                            arguments: bHeader);
    
                        //绑定agreements=>queue.C,使用arguments(format=zip、type=report、x-match=all)
                        //当header中同时满足format=zip和type=report时,消息会被转发到队列C
                        Dictionary<string, object> cHeader = new Dictionary<string, object>();
                        cHeader.Add("format", "zip");
                        cHeader.Add("type", "report");
                        cHeader.Add("x-match", "all");
                        channel.QueueBind(queue: "queue.C",
                            exchange: "agreements",
                            routingKey: string.Empty,
                            arguments: cHeader);
    
                        string message1 = "hello world From 1";
                        var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message1);
                        var properties1 = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
                        properties1.Persistent = true;
                        Dictionary<string, object> mHeader1 = new Dictionary<string, object>();
                        mHeader1.Add("format", "pdf");
                        mHeader1.Add("type", "report");
                        properties1.Headers = mHeader1;
    
                        //这条消息会被转发到queue.A和queue.B
                        //queue.A 的binding (format=pdf, type=report, x-match=all)
                        //queue.B 的binding (format=pdf, type=log, x-match=any)
                        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "agreements",
                                        routingKey: string.Empty,
                                        basicProperties: properties1,
                                        body: body);
    
                        string message2 = "hello world From 2";
                        body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message2);
                        var properties2 = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
                        properties2.Persistent = true;
                        Dictionary<string, object> mHeader2 = new Dictionary<string, object>();
                        mHeader2.Add("type", "log");
                        properties2.Headers = mHeader2;
    
                        //这条消息会被转发到queue.B 
                        //queue.B 的binding (format = pdf, type = log, x-match = any)
                        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "agreements",
                                        routingKey: string.Empty,
                                        basicProperties: properties2,
                                        body: body);
    
                        string message3 = "hello world From 3";
                        body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message3);
                        var properties3 = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
                        properties3.Persistent = true;
                        Dictionary<string, object> mHeader3 = new Dictionary<string, object>();
                        mHeader3.Add("format", "zip");
                        properties3.Headers = mHeader3;
    
                        //这条消息不会被路由
                        //队列C要求同时满足两个条件,这里只满足了一个,没有匹配的队列
                        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "agreements",
                                        routingKey: string.Empty,
                                        basicProperties: properties3,
                                        body: body);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

      运行程序后,可以看到,queue.A中匹配了三条消息、queue.B中匹配了两条、queue.C中没有匹配到任何消息。

      可以看到,队列A中匹配了一条信息,即Message 1,队列B中匹配了两条信息,即Message 1和Message2,队列C中没有匹配信息,符合我们程序的编写,下面用接收端进行接收。
      接收端分别写了三个程序,分别接收队列A、B、C的消息,它们除了绑定队列名称不同外,其余全部相同,下面是绑定队列A的接收程序:

    using System;
    using System.Text;
    using RabbitMQ.Client;
    using RabbitMQ.Client.Events;
    
    namespace Recieve1
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "148.70.210.208" };
                using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
                {
                    using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
                    {
                        //注意要与发送端的声明一致
                        channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "agreements",
                            type: ExchangeType.Headers,
                            autoDelete: false,
                            arguments: null);
    
                        //绑定了queue.C和agreements Exchange
                        channel.QueueBind(queue: "queue.A",
                            exchange: "agreements",
                            routingKey: string.Empty);
    
                        Console.WriteLine("Waiting for messages");
    
                        var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
    
                        //绑定接收完成事件
                        consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
                        {
                            var body = ea.Body;
                            var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
                            Console.WriteLine($"Recieve Message:{message}");
                        };
    
                        channel.BasicConsume(queue: "queue.A",
                            autoAck: true,
                            consumer: consumer);
    
                        Console.WriteLine("Press [enter] to exit");
                        Console.ReadLine();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

      最后,我们分别运行这三个接收程序:

      符合程序设计。

      参考:JulyLuo——https://www.cnblogs.com/julyluo/p/6265775.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cquptjyz/p/10888923.html
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