• 11、SpringBoot的Web开发(使用外置Servlet容器)


    SpringBoot内置嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar。

    • 优点:简单、便携。

    • 缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);

    外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat,应用war包的方式打包。

    使用外置Servlet容器步骤

    1、必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)

    2、将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided

    <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
       <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    

    3、必须编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,并调用configure方法

    public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
       @Override
       protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
           //传入SpringBoot应用的主程序
          return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
       }
    }
    

    4、启动服务器就可以使用

    原理

    jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器。

    war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;

    规则:

    1、服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例。

    2、ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名。

    3、还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类。

    流程:

    1、启动Tomcat

    2、Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer

    3、SpringServletContainerInitializer@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>,为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例。

    4、每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup。

    5、相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法。

    6、SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext,创建容器。

    protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
        //1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder
        SpringApplicationBuilder builder = this.createSpringApplicationBuilder();
        builder.main(this.getClass());
        ApplicationContext parent = this.getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
        if (parent != null) {
            this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
            servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, (Object)null);
            builder.initializers(new ApplicationContextInitializer[]{new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent)});
        }
    
        builder.initializers(new ApplicationContextInitializer[]{new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext)});
        builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext.class);
        //调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
        builder = this.configure(builder);
        builder.listeners(new ApplicationListener[]{new SpringBootServletInitializer.WebEnvironmentPropertySourceInitializer(servletContext)});
        //使用builder创建一个Spring应用
        SpringApplication application = builder.build();
        if (application.getAllSources().isEmpty() && MergedAnnotations.from(this.getClass(), SearchStrategy.TYPE_HIERARCHY).isPresent(Configuration.class)) {
            application.addPrimarySources(Collections.singleton(this.getClass()));
        }
    
        Assert.state(!application.getAllSources().isEmpty(), "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
        if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
            application.addPrimarySources(Collections.singleton(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class));
        }
    
        application.setRegisterShutdownHook(false);
        //启动Spring应用
        return this.run(application);
    }
    

    7、Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器

    public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
        StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
        stopWatch.start();
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
        Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList();
        this.configureHeadlessProperty();
        SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = this.getRunListeners(args);
        listeners.starting();
    
        Collection exceptionReporters;
        try {
            ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
            ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this.prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
            this.configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
            Banner printedBanner = this.printBanner(environment);
            context = this.createApplicationContext();
            exceptionReporters = this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[]{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context);
            this.prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
            //刷新IOC容器
            this.refreshContext(context);
            this.afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
            stopWatch.stop();
            if (this.logStartupInfo) {
                (new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)).logStarted(this.getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
            }
    
            listeners.started(context);
            this.callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
        } catch (Throwable var10) {
            this.handleRunFailure(context, var10, exceptionReporters, listeners);
            throw new IllegalStateException(var10);
        }
    
        try {
            listeners.running(context);
            return context;
        } catch (Throwable var9) {
            this.handleRunFailure(context, var9, exceptionReporters, (SpringApplicationRunListeners)null);
            throw new IllegalStateException(var9);
        }
    }
    

    外置的Servlet容器在运行时:先启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot应用。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/coydone/p/13821267.html
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