epoll通过在Linux内核中申请一个简易的文件系统(文件系统一般用什么数据结构实现？B+树)。
1）调用epoll_create()建立一个epoll对象(在epoll文件系统中为这个句柄对象分配资源)
2）调用epoll_ctl向epoll对象中添加这100万个连接的套接字
3）调用epoll_wait收集发生的事件的连接
进程启动时建立一个epoll对象，然后在需要的时候向这个epoll对象中添加或者删除连接。同时，epoll_wait的效率也非常高，因为调用epoll_wait时，并没有一股脑的向操作系统复制这100万个连接的句柄数据，内核也不需要去遍历全部的连接。
*/
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAX_EVENTS 500
struct myevent_s
{
int fd;
void (*call_back)(int fd, int events, void *arg);
int events;
void *arg;
int status; // 1: in epoll wait list, 0 not in
char buff[128]; // recv data buffer
int len, s_offset;
long last_active; // last active time
};
// set event
void EventSet(myevent_s *ev, int fd, void (*call_back)(int, int, void*), void *arg)
{
ev->fd = fd;
ev->call_back = call_back;
ev->events = 0;
ev->arg = arg;
ev->status = 0;
bzero(ev->buff, sizeof(ev->buff));
ev->s_offset = 0;
ev->len = 0;
ev->last_active = time(NULL);
}
// add/mod an event to epoll
void EventAdd(int epollFd, int events, myevent_s *ev)
{
struct epoll_event epv = {0, {0}};
int op;
epv.data.ptr = ev;
epv.events = ev->events = events;
if(ev->status == 1){
op = EPOLL_CTL_MOD;
}
else{
op = EPOLL_CTL_ADD;
ev->status = 1;
}
if(epoll_ctl(epollFd, op, ev->fd, &epv) < 0)
printf("Event Add failed[fd=%d], evnets[%d]
", ev->fd, events);
else
printf("Event Add OK[fd=%d], op=%d, evnets[%0X]
", ev->fd, op, events);
}
// delete an event from epoll
void EventDel(int epollFd, myevent_s *ev)
{
struct epoll_event epv = {0, {0}};
if(ev->status != 1) return;
epv.data.ptr = ev;
ev->status = 0;
epoll_ctl(epollFd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, ev->fd, &epv);
}
int g_epollFd; //global
myevent_s g_Events[MAX_EVENTS+1]; // g_Events[MAX_EVENTS] is used by listen fd global array
void RecvData(int fd, int events, void *arg);
void SendData(int fd, int events, void *arg);
// accept new connections from clients
void AcceptConn(int fd, int events, void *arg)
{
struct sockaddr_in sin;
socklen_t len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
int nfd, i;
// accept
if((nfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&sin, &len)) == -1)
{
if(errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR)
{
}
printf("%s: accept, %d", __func__, errno);
return;
}
do
{
for(i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTS; i++)
{
if(g_Events[i].status == 0)
{
break;
}
}
if(i == MAX_EVENTS)
{
printf("%s:max connection limit[%d].", __func__, MAX_EVENTS);
break;
}
// set nonblocking
int iret = 0;
if((iret = fcntl(nfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK)) < 0)
{
printf("%s: fcntl nonblocking failed:%d", __func__, iret);
break;
}
// add a read event for receive data
EventSet(&g_Events[i], nfd, RecvData, &g_Events[i]);
EventAdd(g_epollFd, EPOLLIN, &g_Events[i]);
}while(0);
printf("new conn[%s:%d][time:%d], pos[%d]
", inet_ntoa(sin.sin_addr),
ntohs(sin.sin_port), g_Events[i].last_active, i);
}
// receive data
void RecvData(int fd, int events, void *arg)
{
struct myevent_s *ev = (struct myevent_s*)arg;
int len;
// receive data
len = recv(fd, ev->buff+ev->len, sizeof(ev->buff)-1-ev->len, 0);
EventDel(g_epollFd, ev);
if(len > 0)
{
ev->len += len;
ev->buff[len] = ' ';
printf("C[%d]:%s
", fd, ev->buff);
// change to send event
EventSet(ev, fd, SendData, ev);
EventAdd(g_epollFd, EPOLLOUT, ev);
}
else if(len == 0)
{
close(ev->fd);
printf("[fd=%d] pos[%d], closed gracefully.
", fd, ev-g_Events);
}
else
{
close(ev->fd);
printf("recv[fd=%d] error[%d]:%s
", fd, errno, strerror(errno));
}
}
// send data
void SendData(int fd, int events, void *arg)
{
struct myevent_s *ev = (struct myevent_s*)arg;
int len;
// send data
len = send(fd, ev->buff + ev->s_offset, ev->len - ev->s_offset, 0);
if(len > 0)
{
printf("send[fd=%d], [%d<->%d]%s
", fd, len, ev->len, ev->buff);
ev->s_offset += len;
if(ev->s_offset == ev->len)
{
// change to receive event
EventDel(g_epollFd, ev);
EventSet(ev, fd, RecvData, ev);
EventAdd(g_epollFd, EPOLLIN, ev);
}
}
else
{
close(ev->fd);
EventDel(g_epollFd, ev);
printf("send[fd=%d] error[%d]
", fd, errno);
}
}
void InitListenSocket(int epollFd, short port)
{
int listenFd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
fcntl(listenFd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK); // set non-blocking
printf("server listen fd=%d
", listenFd);
EventSet(&g_Events[MAX_EVENTS], listenFd, AcceptConn, &g_Events[MAX_EVENTS]);
// add listen socket
EventAdd(epollFd, EPOLLIN, &g_Events[MAX_EVENTS]);
// bind & listen
sockaddr_in sin;
bzero(&sin, sizeof(sin));
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
sin.sin_port = htons(port);
bind(listenFd, (const sockaddr*)&sin, sizeof(sin));
listen(listenFd, 5);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
unsigned short port = 12345; // default port
if(argc == 2){
port = atoi(argv[1]);
}
// create epoll
g_epollFd = epoll_create(MAX_EVENTS); //create a epoll obj
if(g_epollFd <= 0) printf("create epoll failed.%d
", g_epollFd);
// create & bind listen socket, and add to epoll, set non-blocking
InitListenSocket(g_epollFd, port); //init socket
// event loop
struct epoll_event events[MAX_EVENTS];
printf("server running:port[%d]
", port);
int checkPos = 0;
while(1){
// a simple timeout check here, every time 100, better to use a mini-heap, and add timer event
long now = time(NULL);
for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++, checkPos++) // doesn't check listen fd
{
if(checkPos == MAX_EVENTS) checkPos = 0; // recycle
if(g_Events[checkPos].status != 1) continue;
long duration = now - g_Events[checkPos].last_active;
if(duration >= 60) // 60s timeout
{
close(g_Events[checkPos].fd);
printf("[fd=%d] timeout[%d--%d].
", g_Events[checkPos].fd, g_Events[checkPos].last_active, now);
EventDel(g_epollFd, &g_Events[checkPos]);
}
}
// wait for events to happen
int fds = epoll_wait(g_epollFd, events, MAX_EVENTS, 1000);
if(fds < 0){
printf("epoll_wait error, exit
");
break;
}
for(int i = 0; i < fds; i++){
myevent_s *ev = (struct myevent_s*)events[i].data.ptr;
if((events[i].events&EPOLLIN)&&(ev->events&EPOLLIN)) // read event
{
ev->call_back(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg);
}
if((events[i].events&EPOLLOUT)&&(ev->events&EPOLLOUT)) // write event
{
ev->call_back(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg);
}
}
}
// free resource
return 0;
}