1. 什么是动态语言(wikipedia)
在运行时,可以进行一些操作(静态语言在编译时执行),比如扩展对象的定义、修改类型等
2. 定义类和创建对象
C++ | python |
1 class A{ 2 public: 3 A(){ 4 cout << "A 构造函数"; 5 a = "a"; 6 common = "common_a"; 7 } 8 //private: 9 string a; 10 string common; 11 }; 12 A a = A(); 13 A* a_pointer = new A(); |
1 class A(): 2 def __init__(self): 3 print("init 函数") 4 self.a = 'a' 5 self.common = 'common_a' 6 a = A() 7 8 # 在执行时动态地修改对象,创建属性 9 class ADynamic: 10 def __init__(self): 11 print("ADynamicinit 函数") 12 13 adynamic = ADynamic() 14 adynamic.a = 'a' 15 adynamic.common = 'common_a' |
3. 属性的访问限制
C++ | python | |
公有 |
public: int a; |
self.a=1 |
保护 |
protected: int a; |
self._a=1 //可通过obj._a访问 |
私有 |
private: int a; |
self.__a=1 //可通过obj._类名__a访问 |
4. 多继承
C++ | python |
class AParentParent{ public: AParentParent(){ cout << "AParentParent 构造函数" << endl; this->common = "common_aparentparent"; } string common; }; class AParent1 : AParentParent{ public: AParent1(){ cout << "AParent1 构造函数" << endl; this->common = "common_aparent1"; } string common; }; class AParent2 : AParentParent{ public: AParent2(){ cout << "AParent2 构造函数"<<endl; this->common = "common_aparent2"; } string common; }; class A : AParent1, AParent2{ public: A(){ cout << "A 构造函数" << endl; a = "a"; common = "common_a"; } //private: string a; string common; }; A a = A(); // 输出内容 /* AParentParent构造函数 AParent1构造函数 AParentParent构造函数 AParent2构造函数 A构造函数 */ |
1 class AParentParent: 2 def __init__(self): 3 print("AParentParent init 函数") 4 self.common = "common_aparentparent" 5 6 7 class AParent1(AParentParent): 8 def __init__(self): 9 super(AParent1, self).__init__() 10 print("AParent1 init 函数") 11 self.common = "common_aparent1" 12 13 14 class AParent2(AParentParent): 15 def __init__(self): 16 super(AParent2, self).__init__() 17 print("AParent2 init 函数") 18 self.common = "common_aparent2" 19 20 21 class A(AParent1, AParent2): 22 def __init__(self): 23 super(A, self).__init__() 24 print("A init 函数") 25 self.a = 'a' 26 self.common = 'common_a' 27 28 ## 输出 29 # AParentParent init 函数 30 # AParent2 init 函数 31 # AParent1 init 函数 32 # A init 函数 33 ## |
//待续...
//static,类方法,__slots__,多态...