• Lnmp搭建详细步骤


    Lnmp(linux+ nginx+mysql+php) web服务器环境搭建详细步骤:

     

    1. 首先进入linux系统,因为操作都在终端进行,故先安装vim插件,方便后续操作。                                            

    Apt-get install  vim 完成安装。

    1. 准备软件包

    Autoconf-2.61.tar.gz              mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz

    Eaccelerator -0.9.6.1.tar.gz(加速器)  memcache -2.2.3.tar.gz

    mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz                freetype -2.3.5.tar.gz

    mysql-5.5.14.tar.gz                gd-2.0.35.tar.gz

    Imagick -2.2.2.tar.gz               nginx -0.7.21.tar.gz

    ImageMagick -6.7.5-0.tar.gz         jpeg -6b.tar.gz

    Libiconv -1.12.tar.gz               pcre -8.32.tar.gz

    PDO_mysql -1.0.2.tar.gz            libmcrypt -2.5.8.tar.gz

    Php -5.2.6 –fpm -0.5.9.diff.gz        php-5.3.19.tar.gz

    Libpng -1.2.31.tar.gz               zlib -1.2.7.tar.gz

    Libxml2 -2.6.30.tar.gz

    1. 检查安装使用的编译工具Gcc是否存在。

    Gcc –v

    Apt-get install gcc

    Apt-get install g++

    Apt-get install make

    1. 安装PHP之前,应先安装PHP5需要的最新版本库文件,例如libxml2、libmcrypt以及GD2库等文件。安装GD2库是为了让PHP5支持GIF、PNG和JPEG图片格式,所以在安装GD2库之前还要先安装最新的zlib、libpng、freetype和jpegsrc等库文件

    1). 安装libxml2最新库文件

        ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2

    p   # make

    p   # make install

       2). 安装libmcrypt最新库文件

    p      ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt

    p   # make

    p  # make install

       3). 安装zlib最新库文件

    p      #./configure

    p   # make

    p  # make install

    4) .安装libpng最新库文件

    p  # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libpng

    p   # make

    p  # make install

    5). 安装jpeg6最新库文件

        首先看有没有安装libtool 及 libtool-ltdl-devel
    rpm   -qa | grep   libtool

    然后进入jpeg-6b的源码目录,然后执行以下步骤,切记!COPY到当前目录注意后面的点(.)

    cp   /usr/share/libtool/config.sub  .
    cp   /usr/share/libtool/config.guess  .

    也就是把 libtool里面的两个配置文件拿来覆盖掉jpeg-6b目录下的对应文件
    make clean 再重新configure
    没有权限的时候先建立对应的文件夹,再次make install就行了

     

    #mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6            //建立jpeg6软件安装目录

    p  # mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6/bin    //建立存放命令的目录

    p  # mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6/lib     //创建jpeg6库文件所在目录

    p  # mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6/include      //建立存放头文件目录

    p  # mkdir -p /usr/local/jpeg6/man/man1 //建立存放手册的目录

    p  # ./configure  \

    > --prefix=/usr/local/jpeg6/ \             

    p  > --enable-shared \                     //建立共享库使用的GNU的libtool

    p  > --enable-static                       //建立静态库使用的GNU的libtool

    p  Make && make install

    6). 安装freetype最新库文件

    p  # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype

    p  # make

    p  # make install

    7). 安装autoconf最新的库文件

    p  # ./configure

    p  # make

    p  # make install

    8). 安装最新的GD库文件

    p  #./configure  \    //配置命令

    > --prefix=/usr/local/gd2/  \               //指定软件安装的位置

    > --with-zlib=/usr/local/zlib/  \             //指定到哪去找zlib库文件的位置

    > --with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg6/  \         //指定到哪去找jpeg库文件的位置

    > --with-png=/usr/local/libpng/  \         //指定到哪去找png库文件的位置

    > --with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype/       //指定到哪去找freetype 2.x字体库的位置

    p  Make && make install

    注意:可能出现错误

    make[2]: *** [gd_png.lo] Error 1
    make[2]: Leaving directory `/tmp/gd-2.0.26gif'
    make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
    make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/gd-2.0.26gif'
    make: *** [all] Error 2

    解决方法:vi gd_png.c    找到“png.h”改成“/usr/local/libpng/include/png.h”

    1. 安装PHP 5.2.6FastCGI模式)

    1). 编译安装PHP 5.2.6所需的支持库:

          tar -zxvf libiconv-1.12.tar.gz

    cd libiconv-1.12/

    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local

    make

    make install

       2). 安装libmcrypt

           tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

    cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/

    ./configure

    make

    make install

    /sbin/ldconfig

    cd libltdl/

    ./configure --enable-ltdl-install

    make

    make install

    cd http://www.cnblogs.com/

     

    3). 安装mhash-0.9.9

          ./configure

    make

    make install

     

    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la    #创建符号链接

    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so

    ln -s/usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4

    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8

    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a

    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la

    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so

    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

    4). 安装mcrypt-2.6.7

          /sbin/ldconfig

    ./configure

    make

    make install

    1. 编译安装MySQL(注:mysql5.5以后版本需要用cmake编译)

    1).先安装cmake

    # wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz
    # tar zxvf cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz
    # cd cmake-2.8.4
    #.configure
    # make && make install

    2).创建mysql安装目录

         #mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/mysql/

    3).创建数据存放目录

         #mkdir –p /data/mysql/

    4).创建用户和用户组与赋予数据存放目录权限

         #groupadd mysql

         #useradd –g mysql mysql

         #chown mysql.mysql –R /data/mysql/

    5) .编译mysql-5.5

         先安装一些必须的软件apt-get install cmake automake autoconf bison

        apt-get install libncurses5-dev

    cmake . \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ \
    -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \
    -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysqld.sock \
    -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
    -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
    -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
    -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
    -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
    -DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
    -DWITH_DEBUG=0

    [出现警告:The variable, 'MYSQL USER', specified manually, was not used during the generation. ,可以忽略]

            Make && make install

         6).复制配置文件

              # cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

              # cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

              # chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

          7).初始化数据库

              bash scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/

          8).启动mysql服务

              # /etc/init.d/mysqld start  或者service mysqld start

              Ps –ef | grep mysql 查看是否启动

               /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql –u root –p 登录数据库

          9). 开启远程登录

             One: 改表法

             可能是你的帐号不允许从远程登陆,只能在localhost。这个时候只要在localhost的那台电脑,登入mysql后,更改“mysql” 数据库里的 “user” 表里的 “host” 项,从“localhost”改称“%”

             x:\>mysql -u root -pvmware

    mysql> use mysql;

    mysql> update user set host = ‘%’ where user = ‘root’;

    mysql> select host, user from user;

    mysql> flush privileges;

             Two:授权法

             例如,你想myuser使用mypassword从任何主机连接到mysql服务器的话。

                 Mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to ‘myuser’@’%’identified by ‘mypassword’ with  grant option;

    1. 编译安装PHP(FastCGI模式)

    可能出现错误:error: Cannot find OpenSSL’s <evp.h>

    Solutions:apt-get install libcurl3-openssl-dev 

       出现

      configure: error: sasl.h not found!

      安装

      apt-get install libsasl2-dev

     

    make: *** [ext/phar/phar.php] 错误 127
    find / -name libmysqlclient.so.18
    结果是在: /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18
    做个链接:ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib/

     

    tar zxvf php-5.3.19.tar.gz

    gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.9.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1

    cd php-5.2.6/

    ./configure

    --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg6

    --with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng  

    --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2 --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd-dir=/usr/local/gd2 --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl –with-mhash  

    --enable-pcntl  --enable-sockets  --with-ldap  --with-ldap-sasl  --with-xmlrpc

    --enable-zip –enable-soap –without-pear

    Make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=’-liconv’

    make install

    cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

    cd ../

     1). 编译安装php5扩展模块

    [memcache]

         tar zxvf memcache-2.2.3.tgz

    cd memcache-2.2.3/

    /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

    ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

    make

    make install

    cd ../

     [eaccelerator加速器]

     tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

    cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/

    /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

    ./configure

    --enable-eaccelerator=shared

    --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

    make

    make install

    cd ../

    [PDO_MYSQL]

     cd PDO_mysql-1.0.2/

     ./configure –with-php-config=/usr/localwebserver/php/bin/php-config

     --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

     Make

     Make install

    [ImageMagick-6.5.1-2]

     cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/

     ./configure

     make && make install

     

    [imagick-2.2.2]

     cd imagick-2.2.2/

     /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

     ./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

     Make && make install

    2).修改php.ini 文件

           查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"

    修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"

      并在此行后增加以下几行,然后保存:

      extension = "memcache.so"

    extension = “pdo_mysql.so”

    extension = “imagick.so”

     

    3). 配置eAccelerator加速PHP:

        mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache

    vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

    按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:

       [eaccelerator]

    zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so"

    eaccelerator.shm_size="128"

    eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"

    eaccelerator.enable="1"

    eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

    eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

    eaccelerator.debug="0"

    eaccelerator.filter=""

    eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

    eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"

    eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"

    eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

    eaccelerator.compress="1"

    eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

     

     

      修改配置文件:

    vi /etc/sysctl.conf

     

      输入以下内容:

    kernel.shmmax = 134217728

    不执行上面操作可能出现下面错误

    Starting php_fpm eAccelerator: Could not allocate 67108864 bytes, the maximum size the kernel allows is 33554432 bytes. Lower the amount of memory request or increase the limit in /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax. PHP Warning: [eAccelerator] Can not create shared memory area in Unknown on line 0 PHP Fatal error: Unable to start eAccelerator module in Unknown on line 0 failed

    然后执行以下命令使配置生效:

    /sbin/sysctl -p

    4). 创建www用户和组

       /usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48

    /usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www

    mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www

    chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www

    chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

    5).创建php-fpm配置文件

       cp /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

     

      配置参数如下:

    [global]

    pid = run/php-fpm.pid

    error_log = log/php-fpm.log

    emergency_restart_threshold = 10

    emergency_restart_interval = 1m

    process_control_timeout = 10s

     

    rlimit_files = 1048576

     

    [www]

    user = nobody

    group = nogroup

    listen = /tmp/php-cgi.sock

     

    pm = ondemand

    pm.max_children = 100

    pm.process_idle_timeout = 5s

    pm.start_servers = 2

    pm.min_spare_servers = 1

    pm.max_spare_servers = 3

     

    slowlog = /var/log/slow.log

    request_slowlog_timeout = 5s

    request_terminate_timeout = 10s

    rlimit_files = 10240                  

     

    注意红色部分:有可能出现502 bad gateway 错误

    6).启动php-cgi进程

       ulimit –SHn 65535

       /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

      

      注:php5.3以前的版本 usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload

    1. 安装Nginx 0.7.21

     

    1).安装nginx所需的pcre库:

        tar zxvf pcre-7.7.tar.gz

    cd pcre-7.7/

    ./configure

    make && make install

    cd ../

     2). 安装nginx

         tar zxvf nginx-0.7.21.tar.gz

         cd nginx-0.7.21/

    ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

    make && make install

    cd ../

      3).创建nginx日志目录

     

          mkdir -p /data1/logs

    chmod +w /data1/logs

    chown -R www:www /data1/logs

       4).创建nginx配置文件

    cp /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default  nginx.conf

     

    配置如下:

    user  www www;

     

    worker_processes 8;

     

    error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;

     

    pid     /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

     

    #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.

    worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

     

    events

    {

     use epoll;

     worker_connections 51200;

    }

     

    http

    {

     include    mime.types;

     default_type  application/octet-stream;

     

     #charset  gb2312;

      

     server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

     client_header_buffer_size 32k;

     large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

     client_max_body_size 8m;

      

     sendfile on;

     tcp_nopush   on;

     

     keepalive_timeout 60;

     

     tcp_nodelay on;

     

     fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

     fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

     fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

     fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

     fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

     fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

     fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

     

     gzip on;

     gzip_min_length  1k;

     gzip_buffers   4 16k;

     gzip_http_version 1.0;

     gzip_comp_level 2;

     gzip_types    text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

     gzip_vary on;

     

     #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

     

     server

     {

      listen    80;

      server_name  demo.test.com;

      index index.html index.htm index.php;

      root  /data0/htdocs/www;

     

      #limit_conn  crawler  20;  

                 

      location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$

      {   

       fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;   注意此配置项

       #fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

       fastcgi_index index.php;

       include fcgi.conf;

      }

     

      location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

      {

       expires    30d;

      }

     

      location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$

      {

       expires    1h;

      }  

     

      log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

           '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

           '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

      access_log  /data1/logs/access.log  access;

    }

    }

    5).在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/ 目录下创建fcgi.conf文件

       Vi  fcgi.conf

    fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;

    fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE   nginx;

     

    fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING    $query_string;

    fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD   $request_method;

    fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE    $content_type;

    fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH   $content_length;

     

    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME   $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME     $fastcgi_script_name;

    fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI     $request_uri;

    fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI    $document_uri;

    fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT    $document_root;

    fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL   $server_protocol;

     

    fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR     $remote_addr;

    fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT     $remote_port;

    fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR     $server_addr;

    fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT     $server_port;

    fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME     $server_name;

     

    # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect

    fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS   200;

       6).启动nginx

         Ulimit –SHn 51200

       /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

      

    1. 配置开机自动启动nginx+php

     

    Vi /etc/rc.local

      在末尾增加以下内容

      Ulimit –SHn 51200

      /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm

      /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

    10. 优化linux 内核参数

    vi /etc/sysctl.conf

    在末尾增加以下内容

     

    net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

    net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300

    net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000   65000

     

     

      使配置立即生效:

    /sbin/sysctl -p

    11. 在不停止nginx服务的情况下平滑变更nginx配置

    1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后,请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确:

    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

     

    如果屏幕显示以下两行信息,说明配置文件正确:

     the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

     the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

     

    2、这时,输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号:

    ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

     

    屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号,例如:

      6302

    这时,执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效:

    kill -HUP 6302

    或者无需这么麻烦,找到Nginx的Pid文件:

    kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

     

    12. 编写每天定时切割nginx日子的脚本

           1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

    vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

     

      输入以下内容:

    #!/bin/bash

    # This script run at 00:00

     

    # The Nginx logs path

    logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

     

    mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/

    mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log

    kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

     

     

      2、设置crontab,每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

    crontab -e

     

      输入以下内容:

    00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cobobryan/p/2962528.html
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