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二维码已经成为我们日常生活中的一个不可获取的产物,火车票上,景区门票,超市付款等等都会有二维码的身影。
本文将实现由URL转换成二维码的过程。
先看一下示例图
从示例图中我们可以清晰地看到,URL被转换成了二维码。
下面跟随我来一起实现这个功能。
导入Google提供的开源库
compile 'com.google.zxing:core:3.3.0'
来讲解一下核心的部分:二维码转换
①生成二维码Bitmap
public static boolean createQRImage(String content, int widthPix, int heightPix, Bitmap logoBm, String filePath) { try { if (content == null || "".equals(content)) { return false; } //配置参数 Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>(); hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8"); //容错级别 hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H); //设置空白边距的宽度 hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 2); //default is 4 // 图像数据转换,使用了矩阵转换 BitMatrix bitMatrix = new QRCodeWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, widthPix, heightPix, hints); int[] pixels = new int[widthPix * heightPix]; // 下面这里按照二维码的算法,逐个生成二维码的图片, // 两个for循环是图片横列扫描的结果 for (int y = 0; y < heightPix; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < widthPix; x++) { if (bitMatrix.get(x, y)) { pixels[y * widthPix + x] = 0xff000000; } else { pixels[y * widthPix + x] = 0xffffffff; } } } // 生成二维码图片的格式,使用ARGB_8888 Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(widthPix, heightPix, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888); bitmap.setPixels(pixels, 0, widthPix, 0, 0, widthPix, heightPix); if (logoBm != null) { bitmap = addLogo(bitmap, logoBm); } //必须使用compress方法将bitmap保存到文件中再进行读取。直接返回的bitmap是没有任何压缩的,内存消耗巨大! return bitmap != null && bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, new FileOutputStream(filePath)); } catch (WriterException | IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return false; }
②在二维码中间添加Logo图案
private static Bitmap addLogo(Bitmap src, Bitmap logo) { if (src == null) { return null; } if (logo == null) { return src; } //获取图片的宽高 int srcWidth = src.getWidth(); int srcHeight = src.getHeight(); int logoWidth = logo.getWidth(); int logoHeight = logo.getHeight(); if (srcWidth == 0 || srcHeight == 0) { return null; } if (logoWidth == 0 || logoHeight == 0) { return src; } //logo大小为二维码整体大小的1/5 float scaleFactor = srcWidth * 1.0f / 5 / logoWidth; Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(srcWidth, srcHeight, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888); try { Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap); canvas.drawBitmap(src, 0, 0, null); canvas.scale(scaleFactor, scaleFactor, srcWidth / 2, srcHeight / 2); canvas.drawBitmap(logo, (srcWidth - logoWidth) / 2, (srcHeight - logoHeight) / 2, null); canvas.save(Canvas.ALL_SAVE_FLAG); canvas.restore(); } catch (Exception e) { bitmap = null; e.getStackTrace(); } return bitmap; }
③创建二维码文件存储目录
private static String getFileRoot(Context context) { if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) { File external = context.getExternalFilesDir(null); if (external != null) { return external.getAbsolutePath(); } } return context.getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath(); }
④创建数据库工具类来存储临时数据
public class SPUtil { private static final String CONFIG = "config"; /** * 获取SharedPreferences实例对象 * * @param fileName */ private static SharedPreferences getSharedPreference(String fileName) { return QRCodeApplication.getInstance().getSharedPreferences(fileName, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); } /** * 保存一个String类型的值! */ public static void putString(String key, String value) { SharedPreferences.Editor editor = getSharedPreference(CONFIG).edit(); editor.putString(key, value).apply(); } /** * 获取String的value */ public static String getString(String key, String defValue) { SharedPreferences sharedPreference = getSharedPreference(CONFIG); return sharedPreference.getString(key, defValue); } }
⑤展示二维码
public static void showThreadImage(final Activity mContext, final String text, final ImageView imageView, final int centerPhoto) { String preContent = SPUtil.getString("share_code_content", ""); if (text.equals(preContent)) { String preFilePath = SPUtil.getString("share_code_filePath", ""); imageView.setImageBitmap(BitmapFactory.decodeFile(preFilePath)); } else { SPUtil.putString("share_code_content", text); final String filePath = getFileRoot(mContext) + File.separator + "qr_" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".jpg"; SPUtil.putString("share_code_filePath", filePath); //二维码图片较大时,生成图片、保存文件的时间可能较长,因此放在新线程中 new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { boolean success = QRCodeUtil.createQRImage(text, 800, 800, BitmapFactory.decodeResource(mContext.getResources(), centerPhoto), filePath); if (success) { mContext.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { imageView.setImageBitmap(BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath)); } }); } } }).start(); } }
构造一个输入页面的类,使用Bundle通过<key,value>传值(后期会改为MVVM-DataBinding形式)
public class ContentActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { private EditText etUrl; private Button btnConvert; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_content); initView(); } private void initView() { etUrl = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_url); btnConvert = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_convert); btnConvert.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.btn_convert: String str_url = "https://" + etUrl.getText().toString(); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putString("url", str_url); // 当输入框为空时,提示用户 if (str_url.equals("https://")) { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "输入框不能为空", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { Intent intent = new Intent(ContentActivity.this, MainActivity.class); intent.putExtras(bundle); startActivity(intent); } break; default: break; } } }
将二维码图片展示在页面上(后期会改为MVVM-DataBinding形式)
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private ImageView iv; // private String url = "http://weibo.com/cnwutianhao"; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); String str_url = getIntent().getExtras().getString("url"); iv = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv_qrcode); QRCodeUtil.showThreadImage(this, str_url, iv, R.mipmap.ic_launcher); } }
布局文件
①输入页面(后期会改为DataBinding形式)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:padding="10dp"> <EditText android:id="@+id/et_url" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="50dp" android:layout_marginTop="100dp" android:hint="请输入网址" android:inputType="textUri" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_convert" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_marginBottom="20dp" android:text="转换成二维码" /> </RelativeLayout>
②二维码展示页面
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context="com.tnnowu.android.qrcode.MainActivity"> <ImageView android:id="@+id/iv_qrcode" android:layout_width="220dp" android:layout_height="220dp" android:layout_centerInParent="true" android:layout_marginTop="40dp" android:background="#FFFFFF" /> </RelativeLayout>
源代码已上传至Github,欢迎Star,Fork。THX