• CSS魔法(三)浮动、相对定位、绝对定位


    浮动

    为何需要浮动?

      浮动float最开始出现的意义是为了让文字环绕图片而已,但人们发现,如果想要三个块级元素并排显示,都给它们加个float来得会比较方便。

    浮动问题?

    为何要清除浮动?

      很多情况下父盒子不方便给高度

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
        .father {
            border: 1px solid red;
            width: 300px;
        }
        .big {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: purple;
            float: left;
        }
        .small {
            width: 80px;
            height: 80px;
            background-color: blue;
            float: left;
        }
        .footer {
            width: 400px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: pink;
        }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="father">
            <div class="big"></div>
            <div class="small"></div>
        </div>
        <div class="footer"></div>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

    清除浮动

      清除浮动主要为了解决父级元素因为子级浮动引起内部高度为0的问题

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
        .father {
            border: 1px solid red;
            width: 300px;
    
        }
        .big {
            width: 100px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: purple;
            float: left;
        }
        .small {
            width: 80px;
            height: 80px;
            background-color: blue;
            float: left;
        }
        .footer {
            width: 400px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: pink;
        }
        .clear {
            clear: both;
            /*如果清除了浮动, 父亲去自动检测孩子的高度  以最高的为准*/
        }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="father">
            <div class="big"></div>
            <div class="small"></div>
            <div class="clear"></div>  <!-- 最后一个浮动标签的后,新添加一个标签 清除浮动 -->
        </div>
        <div class="footer"></div>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

      额外标签法

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
        .father {
            border: 1px solid red;
            width: 300px;
    
        }
        .big {
            width: 100px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: purple;
            float: left;
        }
        .small {
            width: 80px;
            height: 80px;
            background-color: blue;
            float: left;
        }
        .footer {
            width: 400px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: pink;
        }
        .clear {
            clear: both;
            /*如果清除了浮动, 父亲去自动检测孩子的高度  以最高的为准*/
        }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="father">
            <div class="big"></div>
            <div class="small"></div>
            <div class="clear"></div>  <!-- 最后一个浮动标签的后,新添加一个标签 清除浮动 -->
        </div>
        <div class="footer"></div>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

      overflow 清除浮动

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
        .big {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: purple;
            float: left;
        }
        .small {
            width: 80px;
            height: 180px;
            background-color: blue;
            float: left;
        }
        .footer {
            width: 400px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: pink;
        }
        .father {
            border: 1px solid red;
            width: 300px;
            overflow: hidden;   /*别加错位置了,给 父亲加*/
            /*不是所有的浮动我们都需要清除 ,谁影响布局,我们清除谁*/
        }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="father"> 
            <div class="big"></div>
            <div class="small"></div>
        </div>
        <div class="footer"></div>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

       使用after伪元素清除浮动

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
        .father {
            border: 1px solid red;
            width: 300px;
    
        }
        .big {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: purple;
            float: left;
        }
        .small {
            width: 80px;
            height: 80px;
            background-color: blue;
            float: left;
        }
        .footer {
            width: 400px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: pink;
        }
        .clearfix:after {  /*正常浏览器 清除浮动*/
            content:"";
            display: block;
            height: 0;
            clear: both;
            visibility: hidden;
        }
        .clearfix {
            *zoom: 1;  /*zoom 1 就是ie6 清除浮动方式  *  ie7一下的版本所识别*/
        }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="father clearfix">
            <div class="big"></div>
            <div class="small"></div>
        </div>
        <div class="footer"></div>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

      使用before和after双伪元素清除浮动

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
        .clearfix:before, .clearfix:after {
            content: "";
            display: table;
        }
        .clearfix:after {
            clear: both;
        }
    
        .clearfix {
            *zoom: 1;
        }
        .father {
            border: 1px solid red;
            width: 300px;
    
        }
        .big {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: purple;
            float: left;
        }
        .small {
            width: 80px;
            height: 80px;
            background-color: blue;
            float: left;
        }
        .footer {
            width: 400px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: pink;
        }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="father clearfix">
            <div class="big"></div>
            <div class="small"></div>
        </div>
        <div class="footer"></div>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

     <ul><li>布局

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8" />
        <title></title>
        <style>
            .service-bd {
                margin-top: 40px;
            }
            .service-bd li {
                    width: 200px;
                    height: 200px;
                    background-color: #ffd800;
                    float: left;
                    border: 1px solid #e7e8e9;
                }
           .yingxiao {
                margin: 0 45px;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="service-bd">
            <ul>
                <li></li>
                <li class="yingxiao"></li>
                <li></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

      取消li 的小点

    li {
        list-style: none; /*  取消li 的小点 */
    }

     相对定位

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
            div {
                width: 200px;
                height: 200px;
                background-color: pink;
            }
            .top {
                position: relative;/*相对定位*/
                top: 100px;
                left: 100px;
            }
            .bottom {
                background-color: red;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="top"></div>
        <div class="bottom"></div>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

      相对定位和浮动的区别:相对定位后原来的位置还继续保留,浮动后原来的位置不继续保留。

      定位使用:top、bottom、left、right  切不可混用margin-top 

    绝对定位

    position: absolute; 

    1.绝不占位置,跟浮动一样。

    2.绝对定位是将元素依据最近的已经定位的父元素(祖先)进行定位。

    父亲没定位

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
        .father {
            width: 500px;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: pink;
            margin: 100px;
        }
        .son {
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: purple;
            position: absolute;
            top: 50px;
            left: 50px;
            /*若所有父元素都没有定位,以浏览器当前屏幕为准对齐(document文档)。*/
        }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="father">
            <div class="son"></div>
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

    父亲有定位

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
        .yeye {
            width: 800px;
            height: 800px;
            background-color: skyblue;
            position: absolute;
        }
        .father {
            width: 500px;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: pink;
            margin: 100px;
            /*position: absolute;*/
        }
        .son {
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: purple;
            position: absolute;
            top: 50px;
            left: 50px;
            /*若所有父元素都没有定位,以浏览器当前屏幕为准对齐(document文档)。*/
        }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    <div class="yeye">
        <div class="father">
            <div class="son"></div>
        </div>
    </div>
        
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

    子绝对定位父相对定位

      给儿子绝对定位:不占有原来的位置,才能压住别人

      给父亲相对定位:占有原来的位置

      子绝父绝带来的问题:由于绝对定位不占用位置,当给父亲绝对定位时,下面的div元素会占用父亲的位置。

      子绝父相是最合适的搭配

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
        div {
            width: 310px;
            height: 190px;
            border: 1px solid #ccc;
            margin: 100px auto;
            padding: 10px;
            position: relative;
        }
        .top {
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
        }
        
        .bottom {
            position: absolute;
            right: 0;
            bottom: 0;
        }
        
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div>
            <img src="images/top_tu.gif" alt="" class="top">
            <img src="images/br.gif" alt="" class="bottom">
            <img src="images/adv.jpg" height="190" width="310" alt="">
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

    定位和浮动

    加了定位 浮动的的盒子 margin 0 auto 失效了

    /*margin: 100px auto;*/
    /*float: left;*/
    position: absolute;
    /*加了定位 浮动的的盒子  margin 0 auto 失效了*/

    加了定位的盒子居中对齐

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
        div {
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: pink;
            /*margin: 100px auto;*/
            /*float: left;*/
            position: absolute;
            /*加了定位 浮动的的盒子  margin 0 auto 失效了*/
            left: 50%;
            margin-left: -100px;
            top: 50%;
            margin-top: -100px;
        }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div></div>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

     实战练习

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
        <head>
            <meta charset="utf-8">
            <title></title>
        </head>
        <style>
            * {
                margin: 0;
                padding: 0;
            }
    
            li {
                list-style: none;
                /*  取消li 的小点 */
            }
    
            .father {
                width: 1259px;
                height: 472px;
                margin: 100px auto;
                background-color: red;
                position: relative;
            }
    
            .son {
                width: 960px;
                height: 80px;
                background-color: #000;
                position: absolute;
                bottom: 0;
                left: 50%;
                margin-left: -480px;
            }
    
            .son li {
                float: left;
                width: 160px;
                height: 80px;
            }
    
            .son li a {
                width: 160px;
                height: 80px;
                display: block;
                text-align: center;
                line-height: 80px;
                color: #fff;
                text-decoration: none;
            }
    
            .son li a:hover {
                background-color: #fff;
                color: #000;
            }
        </style>
        <body>
            <div class="father">
                <div class="son">
                    <ul>
                        <li><a href="#">快递查询</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">快递查询</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">快递查询</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">快递查询</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">快递查询</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">快递查询</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </body>
    </html>
    View Code

     CSS的margin: 7px auto 含义是什么?

      顺序为:上、右、下、左;(顺时针)

    淘宝轮播图

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
        <head>
            <meta charset="utf-8">
            <title></title>
            <style>
            * {
                margin: 0;
                padding: 0;
            }
            li {
                list-style: none;
            }
            .tb {
                width: 520px;
                height: 280px;
                background-color: pink;
                margin: 100px auto;/* 顺序为:上、右、下、左;*/
                position: relative;/* 父相对定位*/
            }
            .tb a {
                width: 24px;
                height: 36px;
                display: block;
                position: absolute;/* 子绝对定位*/
                top: 50%;
                margin-top: -18px;
            }
            .left {
                left: 0;
                background: url(images/left.png) no-repeat;
            }
            .right {
                right: 0;
                background: url(images/right.png) no-repeat;
            }
            .tb ul {
                width: 70px;
                height: 13px;
                background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);
                position: absolute; /* 子绝对定位*/
                bottom: 18px;
                left: 50%; /*水平走父容器的一半*/
                margin-left: -35px; /*左走自己的一半*/
                border-radius: 8px;
            }
            .tb ul li {
                width: 8px;
                height: 8px;
                background-color: #fff;
                float: left;
                margin: 3px;
                border-radius: 50%;
            }
            .tb .current {
                background-color: #f40;
            }
            </style>
        </head>
        <body>
            <div class="tb">
                <img src="images/tb.jpg" >
                <a href="#" class="left"></a>
                <a href="#" class="right"></a>
                <ul>
                    <li class="current"></li>
                    <li></li>
                    <li></li>
                    <li></li>
                    <li></li>
                </ul>
            </div>
        </body>
    </html>
    View Code

     固定定位

    .ad {
             200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: pink;
            position: fixed;  /*固定定位*/
            left: 0;
            top: 100px;
        }
    View Code

     z-index

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
        div {
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: red;
            position: absolute;
            /*z-index: 0;  只有定位的盒子才有*/
        }
        .red {
            z-index: 1;
        }
        .blue {
            background-color: blue;
            left: 50px;
            top: 50px;
            z-index: 2;
        }
        .green {
            background-color: green;
            left: 100px;
            top: 100px;
            z-index: 999;
        }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="red"></div>
        <div class="blue"></div>
        <div class="green"></div>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
        div {
            width: 250px;
            height: 400px;
            border: 1px solid #ccc;
            float: left;
            margin-left: -1px;
            position: relative;
            /*z-index: 0;*/
        }
        div:hover {
            border: 1px solid #f40;
            /*position: relative; 相对定位比标准流高一级 浮在上面的*/
            z-index: 1;
        }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div></div>
        <div></div>
        <div></div>
        <div></div>
        <div></div>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

     小结

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cnki/p/9756439.html
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