• HDU 2062 Subset sequence (找规律)


    题目链接

    Problem Description
    Consider the aggregate An= { 1, 2, …, n }. For example, A1={1}, A3={1,2,3}. A subset sequence is defined as a array of a non-empty subset. Sort all the subset sequece of An in lexicography order. Your task is to find the m-th one.

    Input
    The input contains several test cases. Each test case consists of two numbers n and m ( 0< n<= 20, 0< m<= the total number of the subset sequence of An ).

    Output
    For each test case, you should output the m-th subset sequence of An in one line.

    Sample Input
    1 1
    2 1
    2 2
    2 3
    2 4
    3 10

    Sample Output
    1
    1
    1 2
    2
    2 1
    2 3 1

    分析:
    给定1,2,3...N个数的集合,现在求所有非空子集(相同元素不同位置视为不同)按字典序排序后的第m个集合是什么?

    我们用f[i]来表示i个元素的子序列的个数,可以找出地推的规律:f[n] = n * (f[n-1] + 1);
    思路:求n个元素时序列首元素,序列变为n-1,
    求n-1个元素时序列首元素......

    用t = ceil(m/(f[n-1]+1)),即可求得所求序列在所有序列中是第几组,也就是当前第一个元素在序列数组a中的位置

    用数组a表示序列数组[1,2,...,n](需要动态更新,每次求出t之后,都要删除t位置的元素)

    在更新之后,序列数组总长度变为n-1,我们要求一下所求序列的新位置m = m - (t-1)*(f[n-1]+1) - 1(前面有t-1组,每组f[n-1]个元素)

    代码:

    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<iostream>
    #include<cmath>
    using namespace std;
    int main()
    {
        int n;
        long long m, f[25];
        f[0] = 0;
        for (int i =1; i < 21; i++)
            f[i] = i * (f[i - 1] + 1);
        while (scanf("%d%lld", &n, &m) != EOF)
        {
            int flag = 1, a[25];
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
                a[i] = i;
            while (m > 0)
            {
                int t = ceil(m * 1.0 / (f[n - 1] + 1));//求出的是n个数字的首元素的位置
                if (!flag)
                    printf(" ");
                flag = 0;
                printf("%d", a[t]);
                for (int i = t; i < n; i++)//然后要删去这个元素
                    a[i] = a[i + 1];
                m = m - (t - 1) * (f[n - 1] + 1) - 1;//去掉一个元素后,总共的个数也要改变
                n--;
            }
            printf("
    ");
        }
        return 0;
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cmmdc/p/7822258.html
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