这个问题一直被很多人关注，基本上得到的答案是两种倾向，一种是锁一种是给记录打标记（也就是update）。对于应用来说，我并不提倡人为给记录加锁，这样会惹来很多麻烦，况且锁并不能解决所有问题，如果你有这方面好的经验我们可以进一步交流。
而update的过程会自动加锁，这个给我们带来和极大便利，但该方法一直不被人们认可的原因是效率：比如打标记怎么打，是否需要每个终端给数据印上各自不同的标志才能避免冲突；是否需要嵌套查询等等..
为了充分提高并发效率，我们可以使用rowlock和readpast来降低锁争,使用top子句来直接更新当前任务执行者需要的数据,使用output子句直接输出结果来代替嵌套查询。必要的情况下可以在表中加适当的索引。
我们来看一下具体代码
set
nocount
on
use tempdb
go
if (object_id ('tb' ) is not null )
drop table tb
go
create table tb (id int identity (1 , 1 ), name varchar (10 ), tag int default 0 )
insert into tb (name ) select 'a'
insert into tb (name ) select 'b'
insert into tb (name ) select 'c'
insert into tb (name ) select 'd'
insert into tb (name ) select 'e'
go
update top (2 ) tb with (rowlock , readpast ) set tag = 1 output inserted . id , inserted . name where tag = 0
go
update top (2 ) tb with (rowlock , readpast ) set tag = 1 output inserted . id , inserted . name where tag = 0
go
update top (2 ) tb with (rowlock , readpast ) set tag = 1 output inserted . id , inserted . name where tag = 0
go
set nocount off
/*
id name
----------- ----------
1 a
2 b
id name
----------- ----------
3 c
4 d
id name
----------- ----------
5 e
*/
use tempdb
go
if (object_id ('tb' ) is not null )
drop table tb
go
create table tb (id int identity (1 , 1 ), name varchar (10 ), tag int default 0 )
insert into tb (name ) select 'a'
insert into tb (name ) select 'b'
insert into tb (name ) select 'c'
insert into tb (name ) select 'd'
insert into tb (name ) select 'e'
go
update top (2 ) tb with (rowlock , readpast ) set tag = 1 output inserted . id , inserted . name where tag = 0
go
update top (2 ) tb with (rowlock , readpast ) set tag = 1 output inserted . id , inserted . name where tag = 0
go
update top (2 ) tb with (rowlock , readpast ) set tag = 1 output inserted . id , inserted . name where tag = 0
go
set nocount off
/*
id name
----------- ----------
1 a
2 b
id name
----------- ----------
3 c
4 d
id name
----------- ----------
5 e
*/
如果你有更好的建议，我们不妨探讨一下。