UI是实现用户交互的重要途径之一,而Android中一个重要的UI元素就是SystemUI,本文分析基于Android 5.1,分析SystemUI的启动及运行过程。
SystemUI源代码所在路径为:
frameworks/base/packages/SystemUI
查看AndroidManifest.xml,整理软件实现思路。
包名为
com.android.systemui
package="com.android.systemui"
分配的userID为
android.uid.systemui
android:sharedUserId="android.uid.systemui"
标明此应用为系统核心App
coreApp="true"
接下来是一系列的权限声明,包括
Networking and telephony
,Physical hardware
,ActivityManager
,WindowManager
,DreamManager
,Alarm clocks
,Keyguard
,Recents
,Wifi Display
,Screen Capturing
等方面的权限。接下来看 <application></application>中的内容:
此应用不会轻易被kill,并且会自动启动
android:persistent="true"
用户数据不可清除
android:allowClearUserData="false"
启用硬件加速
android:hardwareAccelerated="true"
设置系统进程
android:process="com.android.systemui"
其他属性为常规属性,很多app都会有,在此不再赘述。
接下来是分析SystemUI的重点,看下都涉及到了哪些activity,service和receiver。
activity:
.usb.UsbStorageActivity
com.android.internal.app.ExternalMediaFormatActivity
.recent.RecentsActivity
.recents.RecentsActivity
.usb.UsbConfirmActivity
.usb.UsbPermissionActivity
.usb.UsbResolverActivity
.usb.UsbAccessoryUriActivity
.usb.UsbDebuggingActivity
.net.NetworkOverLimitActivity
.media.MediaProjectionPermissionActivity
.DessertCase
.egg.LLandActivity
.Somnambulator
.settings.BrightnessDialog
service:
SystemUIService
.screenshot.TakeScreenshotService
.LoadAverageService
.ImageWallpaper
.DessertCaseDream
.keyguard.KeyguardService
.doze.DozeService
receiver:
.BootReceiver
.qs.tiles.HotspotTile$APChangedReceiver
.recent.RecentsPreloadReceiver
.recents.RecentsUserEventProxyReceiver
众多activity中并没有LAUNCHER,也就是说SystemUI是没有启动界面的。
SystemUI的启动
既然SystemUI没有启动界面,也无需人为启动,那么SystemUI是怎么启动起来的呢?接下来就将对这个问题进行说明。
- 在service中有一个SystemUIService,这就是入口。那么这个SystemUIService又是怎么启动的呢?要找到答案,就要考虑到这是一个系统app,自然会在系统完成初始化以后启动,那么利用Source Insight在frameworks/base中看看有没有。
从结果来看,在SystemService貌似有什么线索。打开SystemService.java(frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/),以下代码就展现在眼前了。
static final void startSystemUi(Context context) { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.android.systemui", "com.android.systemui.SystemUIService")); //Slog.d(TAG, "Starting service: " + intent); context.startServiceAsUser(intent, UserHandle.OWNER); }
在代码中可以看到SystemUIService被启动了起来,那么哪里调用了这个方法呢?在此类中继续查找,又发现如下代码:
mActivityManagerService.systemReady(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { Slog.i(TAG, "Making services ready"); mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_ACTIVITY_MANAGER_READY); try { mActivityManagerService.startObservingNativeCrashes(); } catch (Throwable e) { reportWtf("observing native crashes", e); } Slog.i(TAG, "WebViewFactory preparation"); WebViewFactory.prepareWebViewInSystemServer(); try { startSystemUi(context); } catch (Throwable e) { reportWtf("starting System UI", e); } ... } }
由代码可知,ActivityManagerService调用了
systemReady()
方法,也就是系统就绪就会调用run()
方法。那么会在何时执行到此处呢?再往上探索,发现上述代码位于startOtherServices()
方法中,那么还是那个问题,何时调用startOtherServices()
方法。再往上探索,发现startOtherServices()
位于一个run()
方法中private void run() { ··· // Start services. try { startBootstrapServices(); startCoreServices(); startOtherServices(); } catch (Throwable ex) { Slog.e("System", "******************************************"); Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex); throw ex; } ··· }
再往上追一追,最终找到了这个类的开始:
public static void main(String[] args) { new SystemServer().run(); }
嗯,这是···,很熟悉嘛。
至于SystemService则是由Zygote启动的,在此就不多追溯了。
至此,SystemServer已经启动,那么在SystemServer里面又做了什么事情呢?SystemUIService的初始化
在SystemUIService中,主要代码就一个
onCreate()
方法,来看看他做了啥:@Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); ((SystemUIApplication) getApplication()).startServicesIfNeeded(); }
转型为SystemUIApplication并且调用
startServicesIfNeeded()
方法。那么接下来去看看startServicesIfNeeded()
方法做了些什么。public void startServicesIfNeeded() { if (mServicesStarted) { return; } if (!mBootCompleted) { // check to see if maybe it was already completed long before we began // see ActivityManagerService.finishBooting() if ("1".equals(SystemProperties.get("sys.boot_completed"))) { mBootCompleted = true; if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "BOOT_COMPLETED was already sent"); } } Log.v(TAG, "Starting SystemUI services."); final int N = SERVICES.length; for (int i=0; i<N; i++) { Class<?> cl = SERVICES[i]; if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "loading: " + cl); try { mServices[i] = (SystemUI)cl.newInstance(); } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); } catch (InstantiationException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); } mServices[i].mContext = this; mServices[i].mComponents = mComponents; if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "running: " + mServices[i]); mServices[i].start(); if (mBootCompleted) { mServices[i].onBootCompleted(); } } mServicesStarted = true; }
根据代码中涉及到的mServices,追溯其来源:
private final SystemUI[] mServices = new SystemUI[SERVICES.length];
再往上,得到SERVICES的由来:private final Class<?>[] SERVICES = new Class[] { com.android.systemui.keyguard.KeyguardViewMediator.class, com.android.systemui.recent.Recents.class, com.android.systemui.volume.VolumeUI.class, com.android.systemui.statusbar.SystemBars.class, com.android.systemui.usb.StorageNotification.class, com.android.systemui.power.PowerUI.class, com.android.systemui.media.RingtonePlayer.class };
在这里定义了很多System Panel,这里叫做SERVICES,并非真正的services,运行在SystemUIService中的子服务。此时再来回头看
onCreate()
方法:@Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); // Set the application theme that is inherited by all services. Note that setting the // application theme in the manifest does only work for activities. Keep this in sync with // the theme set there. setTheme(R.style.systemui_theme); IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED); filter.setPriority(IntentFilter.SYSTEM_HIGH_PRIORITY); registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { if (mBootCompleted) return; if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "BOOT_COMPLETED received"); unregisterReceiver(this); mBootCompleted = true; if (mServicesStarted) { final int N = mServices.length; for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) { mServices[i].onBootCompleted(); } } } }, filter); }
在onCreate()方法中,注册了广播接收器,用于接收开机完成的广播,并将开机完成的状态传递给每个SERVICE。
经过以上代码的追溯,可知:
mServices[i] = (SystemUI)cl.newInstance();
//实例化子服务,并将其存储于mService[i]中。
mServices[i].mContext = this;
//设置mService[i]的Context
mServices[i].mComponents = mComponents;
//设置mService[i]的Components
mServices[i].start();
//运行mService[i]
至此,SystemUIService的启动就已完成,伴随着SystemUIService的完成,SystemUI的核心service也就启动了,SystemUIService的使命也就完成了,接下来的事情就交由各个子服务去完成了。
以上属于个人体验心得总结,若有不足之处,还望不吝赐教,欢迎批评指正,共同进步