1、概述
#问题：当k8s集群中的某个节点出现故障时，在上面运行的pod会有什么样的行为？
OK，本文档就介绍下在节点故障时，pod的驱逐行为是如何定义的。
2、一个实验
在这个实验中，我们关闭k8s中的一个节点，然后看下这个节点上的信息会有哪些的变化及pod的运行的行为的变化。
2.1、运行一个deployment
确保在要测试的节点上，有pod运行。
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-taints
namespace: default
spec:
progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx-taints
replicas: 5
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx-taints
spec:
containers:
- image: 172.20.58.152/middleware/nginx:1.21.4
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: nginx
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
restartPolicy: Always基于以上的配置，创建一个deployment.
[root@nccztsjb-node-23 ~]# kubectl apply -f nginx-taints.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-taints created
[root@nccztsjb-node-23 ~]# kubectl get pod -l app=nginx-taints -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-taints-6698889db5-j546r 1/1 Running 0 12s 172.39.157.212 nccztsjb-node-24 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-tpmb2 1/1 Running 0 12s 172.39.209.124 nccztsjb-node-23 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-w7rdm 1/1 Running 0 12s 172.39.209.123 nccztsjb-node-23 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-w7zjm 1/1 Running 0 12s 172.39.157.211 nccztsjb-node-24 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-x9mdz 1/1 Running 0 12s 172.39.21.67 nccztsjb-node-25 <none> <none>ok,pod已经运行。
我们这次以节点nccztsjb-node-24为例来进行验证。
2.2、将节点kubelet进程关闭
关闭节点nccztsjb-node-24的kubelet进程
systemctl stop kubelet关闭服务，几分钟后······
查看集群中，节点的状态
[root@nccztsjb-node-23 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
nccztsjb-node-23 Ready control-plane,master 36d v1.23.2
nccztsjb-node-24 NotReady <none> 36d v1.23.2
nccztsjb-node-25 Ready ingress,prometheus-server 36d v1.23.2
[root@nccztsjb-node-23 ~]# 节点nccztsjb-node-24的状态已经变为NoteReady了。
查看节点的信息变化
[root@nccztsjb-node-23 ~]# kubectl describe nodes nccztsjb-node-24 | more
Name: nccztsjb-node-24
Roles: <none>
Labels: beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux
kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
kubernetes.io/hostname=nccztsjb-node-24
kubernetes.io/os=linux
Annotations: kubeadm.alpha.kubernetes.io/cri-socket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
node.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl: 0
projectcalico.org/IPv4Address: 172.20.58.65/24
projectcalico.org/IPv4IPIPTunnelAddr: 172.39.157.192
volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach: true
CreationTimestamp: Tue, 25 Jan 2022 12:07:13 +0800
Taints: node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoSchedule发现已经自动加上了如下的taints
Taints: node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoSchedule查看pod的变化
[root@nccztsjb-node-23 ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-taints-6698889db5-j546r 1/1 Running 0 2m5s
nginx-taints-6698889db5-tpmb2 1/1 Running 0 2m5s
nginx-taints-6698889db5-w7rdm 1/1 Running 0 2m5s
nginx-taints-6698889db5-w7zjm 1/1 Running 0 2m5s
nginx-taints-6698889db5-x9mdz 1/1 Running 0 2m5s
[root@nccztsjb-node-23 ~]# kubectl get pod nginx-taints-6698889db5-x9mdz -o yaml
发现··· ···
被加上了如下的tolerations
tolerations:
- effect: NoExecute
key: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready
operator: Exists
tolerationSeconds: 300
- effect: NoExecute
key: node.kubernetes.io/unreachable
operator: Exists
tolerationSeconds: 300这样pod上就加上了tolerations，就是在节点not-ready时，tolerationSeconds: 300还会在节点上运行5分钟，而不会立即被驱逐。
观察nccztsjb-node-24节点上，docker进程的状态
[root@nccztsjb-node-24 ~]# docker ps | grep nginx-taints
efc6733b1866 ea335eea17ab "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 minutes ago Up 5 minutes k8s_nginx_nginx-taints-6698889db5-j546r_default_c67a09b1-cb53-4f98-b2b6-c6e7ad45b818_0
ed4dce36693c ea335eea17ab "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 minutes ago Up 5 minutes k8s_nginx_nginx-taints-6698889db5-w7zjm_default_3eb2dbcf-ee55-420b-8758-0512016747b4_0
c5a78f9b2459 gotok8s/pause:3.6 "/pause" 6 minutes ago Up 5 minutes k8s_POD_nginx-taints-6698889db5-j546r_default_c67a09b1-cb53-4f98-b2b6-c6e7ad45b818_0
e78370d4fcf6 gotok8s/pause:3.6 "/pause" 6 minutes ago Up 5 minutes k8s_POD_nginx-taints-6698889db5-w7zjm_default_3eb2dbcf-ee55-420b-8758-0512016747b4_0
[root@nccztsjb-node-24 ~]# 处于运行的状态，因为……没有人给kubelet下发任务来关闭docker服务
观察pod的状态，5分钟后··· ···
[root@nccztsjb-node-23 ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide -w
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-taints-6698889db5-j546r 1/1 Running 0 4m40s 172.39.157.212 nccztsjb-node-24 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-tpmb2 1/1 Running 0 4m40s 172.39.209.124 nccztsjb-node-23 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-w7rdm 1/1 Running 0 4m40s 172.39.209.123 nccztsjb-node-23 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-w7zjm 1/1 Running 0 4m40s 172.39.157.211 nccztsjb-node-24 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-x9mdz 1/1 Running 0 4m40s 172.39.21.67 nccztsjb-node-25 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-w7zjm 1/1 Terminating 0 6m26s 172.39.157.211 nccztsjb-node-24 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-j546r 1/1 Terminating 0 6m26s 172.39.157.212 nccztsjb-node-24 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-dlqht 0/1 Pending 0 0s <none> <none> <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-msdnh 0/1 Pending 0 0s <none> <none> <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-dlqht 0/1 Pending 0 0s <none> nccztsjb-node-25 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-msdnh 0/1 Pending 0 0s <none> nccztsjb-node-23 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-dlqht 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s <none> nccztsjb-node-25 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-msdnh 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s <none> nccztsjb-node-23 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-msdnh 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 1s <none> nccztsjb-node-23 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-dlqht 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 1s <none> nccztsjb-node-25 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-dlqht 1/1 Running 0 2s 172.39.21.68 nccztsjb-node-25 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-msdnh 1/1 Running 0 2s 172.39.209.125 nccztsjb-node-23 <none> <none>nccztsjb-node-24节点上的pod处于Terminating的状态，并且在其他的节点重新启动了2个实例
[root@nccztsjb-node-23 ~]# kubectl get pods --sort-by=.spec.nodeName -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-taints-6698889db5-msdnh 1/1 Running 0 5m57s 172.39.209.125 nccztsjb-node-23 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-tpmb2 1/1 Running 0 12m 172.39.209.124 nccztsjb-node-23 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-w7rdm 1/1 Running 0 12m 172.39.209.123 nccztsjb-node-23 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-j546r 1/1 Terminating 0 12m 172.39.157.212 nccztsjb-node-24 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-w7zjm 1/1 Terminating 0 12m 172.39.157.211 nccztsjb-node-24 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-dlqht 1/1 Running 0 5m57s 172.39.21.68 nccztsjb-node-25 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-x9mdz 1/1 Running 0 12m 172.39.21.67 nccztsjb-node-25 <none> <none>那么，此时在节点nccztsjb-node-24上的docker容器是什么状态？
[root@nccztsjb-node-24 ~]# docker ps | grep nginx-taints
efc6733b1866 ea335eea17ab "/docker-entrypoint.…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes k8s_nginx_nginx-taints-6698889db5-j546r_default_c67a09b1-cb53-4f98-b2b6-c6e7ad45b818_0
ed4dce36693c ea335eea17ab "/docker-entrypoint.…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes k8s_nginx_nginx-taints-6698889db5-w7zjm_default_3eb2dbcf-ee55-420b-8758-0512016747b4_0
c5a78f9b2459 gotok8s/pause:3.6 "/pause" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes k8s_POD_nginx-taints-6698889db5-j546r_default_c67a09b1-cb53-4f98-b2b6-c6e7ad45b818_0
e78370d4fcf6 gotok8s/pause:3.6 "/pause" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes k8s_POD_nginx-taints-6698889db5-w7zjm_default_3eb2dbcf-ee55-420b-8758-0512016747b4_0
[root@nccztsjb-node-24 ~]# 依然，处于运行的状态。
原因很简单，kubelet和apiserver失联，无法接收到关闭pod的指令。
2.3、重新启动节点的kubelet服务
systemctl start kubelet此时，再次，查看节点的状态
[root@nccztsjb-node-23 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
nccztsjb-node-23 Ready control-plane,master 36d v1.23.2
nccztsjb-node-24 Ready <none> 36d v1.23.2
nccztsjb-node-25 Ready ingress,prometheus-server 36d v1.23.2
[root@nccztsjb-node-23 ~]# 恢复正常，为Ready的状态。
查看pod的状态
[root@nccztsjb-node-23 ~]# kubectl get pods --sort-by=.spec.nodeName -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-taints-6698889db5-msdnh 1/1 Running 0 8m47s 172.39.209.125 nccztsjb-node-23 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-tpmb2 1/1 Running 0 15m 172.39.209.124 nccztsjb-node-23 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-w7rdm 1/1 Running 0 15m 172.39.209.123 nccztsjb-node-23 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-dlqht 1/1 Running 0 8m47s 172.39.21.68 nccztsjb-node-25 <none> <none>
nginx-taints-6698889db5-x9mdz 1/1 Running 0 15m 172.39.21.67 nccztsjb-node-25 <none> <none>
[root@nccztsjb-node-23 ~]# 之前为Terminating状态的pod，顺利被删除。
节点nccztsjb-node-24上查看docker容器
[root@nccztsjb-node-24 ~]# docker ps | grep nginx-taints
[root@nccztsjb-node-24 ~]# 已经被关闭。原因很简单，kubelet正常和api server通信，获取api server指令，关闭了节点上的pod.
查看pod的描述信息
kubectl get pod nginx-taints-6698889db5-x9mdz -o yaml tolerations:
- effect: NoExecute
key: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready
operator: Exists
tolerationSeconds: 300
- effect: NoExecute
key: node.kubernetes.io/unreachable
operator: Exists
tolerationSeconds: 300这些被加上去的toleration还在没有被删除掉。因为，对pod的运行没有影响。
OK，以上就是整个的实验，关于模拟，k8s集群节点故障的实验。
3、思考及解释
- 1、node上的taint是如何加上去的？
- 2、pod上的tolerations是如何被加上去的？
- 3、node故障时，还会运行多久？
OK，那让我们来一一说明以上的问题……
1、node上的taints是如何加上去的？
node controller（节点控制器）在某些条件下，会自动的为节点上taints.
详细可参考：https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/taint-and-toleration/
2、pod上的tolerations是如何加上去的？
pod上tolerations是由Admission Controller加上去的。
默认的Admission Controller中的DefaultTolerationSeconds插件，会自动将node.kubernetes.io/not-ready 和node.kubernetes.io/unreachable这2个tolerations加上，并且默认的tolerationSeconds=300（单位：秒）
3、node故障时，pod还会运行多久?
通过以上的实验，tolerationSeconds=300即默认，node故障时，node会自动加上taints,pod会增加这个tolerations属性，默认容忍时间是300s，5分钟。
即，节点故障时，pod可再运行5分钟。