1.Sequential statement groups
the begin-end keywords:
.group several statements togethor
.cause the statements to be evaluated sequentially(one at a time)
*any timing within the sequential groups is relative to the previous statement
*delays in the sequential accumulate(each delay is added to the previous delay)
*block finishes after the last statement in the block
Example - sequential
1 module sequential();
2
3 reg a;
4
5 initial begin
6 $monitor ("%g a = %b", $time, a);
7 #10 a = 0;
8 #11 a = 1;
9 #12 a = 0;
10 #13 a = 1;
11 #14 $finish;
12 end
13
14 endmodule
|
Simulator Output |
0 a = x
10 a = 0
21 a = 1
33 a = 0
46 a = 1
|
2.parallel statement groups
The fork-join keywords:
.group several statements together:
.cause the statements to evaluated in parallel(all at the same time)
*timing within parallel group is absolute to the begining of the group.
*block finishes after the last statement completes(statement with highest delay ,it can be the first statement in the block).
Example - Parallel
1 module parallel();
2
3 reg a;
4
5 initial
6 fork
7 $monitor ("%g a = %b", $time, a);
8 #10 a = 0;
9 #11 a = 1;
10 #12 a = 0;
11 #13 a = 1;
12 #14 $finish;
13 join
14
15 endmodule
Simulator Output
0 a = x
10 a = 0
11 a = 1
12 a = 0
13 a = 1
Example - Mixing "begin-end" and "fork - join"
1 module fork_join();
2
3 reg clk,reset,enable,data;
4
5 initial begin
6 $display ("Starting simulation");
7 $monitor("%g clk=%b reset=%b enable=%b data=%b",
8 $time, clk, reset, enable, data);
9 fork : FORK_VAL
10 #1 clk = 0;
11 #5 reset = 0;
12 #5 enable = 0;
13 #2 data = 0;
14 join
15 #10 $display ("%g Terminating simulation", $time);
16 $finish;
17 end
18
19 endmodule
Simulator Output
0 clk=x reset=x enable=x data=x
1 clk=0 reset=x enable=x data=x
2 clk=0 reset=x enable=x data=0
5 clk=0 reset=0 enable=0 data=0
15 Terminating simulation