• 1-3磁盘分区


    磁盘命令规则:
    硬件设备: /dev/
        /dev/sd*       scsi   sata    sas   usb    
                 sda1     第一块磁盘的第一个分区
                 sda5     第一块磁盘的第一个逻辑分区
    /dev/sr*        sata    ide
            cdrom
    #hd  (IDE)
    分区步骤:
    1. 为机器添加新的磁盘
    编辑虚拟机的硬件设备(硬盘、光驱、网卡)
    1. a. 先对MBR分区表的磁盘进行分区
    fdisk  /dev/sdb
    主:n--p--1 --起始点--结束点
    扩:n--e--2 --起始点--结束点
    逻辑:n--l--起始点--结束点
            w 保存分区操作
            d  删除分区
    MBR分区
    [root@chenyun ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag    --- 切换引导方式
       b   edit bsd disklabel    --- 切换bsd磁盘标签
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag    --- 切换可兼容性DOS标签
       d   delete a partition    --- 删除分区
       g   create a new empty GPT partition table    --- 创建GPT分区表
       G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table    ---创建一个IRIX (SGI)分区表
       l   list known partition types    --- 列出系统可用的分区类型
       m   print this menu    --- 获取菜单信息(帮助信息)
       n   add a new partition    --- 新建分区
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table    --- 创建一个新的DOS表
       p   print the partition table       --- 显示当前分区信息
       q   quit without saving changes     --- 不保存退出
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel    --- 创建一个新的Sun标签
       t   change a partition's system id    ---改变分区的system id
       u   change display/entry units    --- 改变显示/输入单元
       v   verify the partition table    --- 验证分区表
       w   write table to disk and exit    ---保存并退出
       x   extra functionality (experts only)    --- 高级功能
     
    Command (m for help): n
    Partition type:
       p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)    --- 主分区
       e   extended    --- 扩展分区
     
    主分区
    Select (default p): p    --- 创建主分区
    Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1    默认为主分区
    First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):     --- 分区起始点
    Using default value 2048
    Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +10G   ---分区结束点 
    Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
     
    扩展分区
    Command (m for help): n
    Partition type:
       p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
       e   extended
    Select (default p): e
    Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
    First sector (20973568-41943039, default 20973568):
    Using default value 20973568
    Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-41943039, default 41943039): +5G
    Partition 2 of type Extended and of size 5 GiB is set
     
    创建swap分区(主分区才能创建swap)
    Command (m for help): t    --- 改变磁盘system id
    Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1    
    Hex code (type L to list all codes): b8   --- swap分区system id
    Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'BSDI swap'
     
    Command (m for help): w    ---保存退出
     
    Command (m for help): p    --- 查看当前分区信息
     
    Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk label type: dos
    Disk identifier: 0x67a3630d
     
    Device Boot       Start         End       Blocks    Id  System
    /dev/sdb1          2048      20973567    10485760   b8  BSDI swap
    /dev/sdb2        20973568    31459327     5242880    5  Extended
     
     
    GPT分区
    [root@chenyun ~]# parted /dev/sdb
    GNU Parted 3.1
    Using /dev/sdb
    Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
    (parted) m                                                                
      align-check TYPE N                       check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
      help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
      mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
      mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
      name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
      print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found
                                               partitions, or a particular partition
      quit                                     exit program
      rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
      
      resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
      rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
      select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
      disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
      disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
      set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
      toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
      unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
      version                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
        
        磁盘GPT分区
             partetd  /dev/sdb
             mklabel     修改分区表类型
             print          打印已存在分区信息
             mkpart      创建新的分区
             name        给分区重命名
             rm             按照分区序号进行删
             quit           退出交互模式
             #所有操作立即生效
    (parted) mklabel      --- 修改分区类型                                                    
    New disk label type? GPT    --- 分区为GPT分区                                              
    Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to
    continue?
    Yes/No? Y                                                                 
    (parted) mkpart                                                           
    Partition name?  []? /dev/sdb1    --- 给分区命名                                          
    File system type?  [ext2]? xfs    --- 修改文本系统类型                                            
    Start? 0     --- 分区起始点
    End? 10G     --- 分区结束点                                                
    Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
    Ignore/Cancel? i
     
    (parted) print                                                            
    Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
    Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
    Partition Table: gpt
    Disk Flags:
     
    Number  Start   End     Size     File system  Name       Flags
    1      17.4kB  10.0GB  10000MB               /dev/sdb1
     
    [root@chenyun ~]# fdisk -l
     
    Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk label type: gpt
    Disk identifier: 8190656E-C04F-4367-BD92-25A9EA463C74
     
     
    #         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
    1           34     19531250    9.3G  Microsoft basic /dev/sdb1
     
    格式化(为分区创建指定的文件系统)
          mkfs  -t  ext*   /dev/sdb1   (mbr)
          mkfs.ext*        /dev/sdb1   (gpt)
          mke2fs  -t  ext*/xfs  -b大小  -i大小  dev/sdb1
    每间隔多少分一个inode的大小:确定该分区有多少个可用inode而已
    inode大小:记录文件信息时所需要的空间大小128byte 
         mkswap /dev/sdb1   将分区格式化为swap
    [root@chenyun ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
    meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=610351 blks
             =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
             =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
    data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2441402, imaxpct=25
             =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
    naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
    log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
             =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
    realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
     
     
    创建挂载点,并挂载(开机自动挂载)
    mkdir  -p  /disk/sdb1
    mount   /dev/sdb1  /disk/sdb1
    vim /etc/fstab
     /dev/sdb1    /disk/sdb1   ext4     defaults    0  0
     
    查看磁盘UUID
    [root@chenyun ~]# blkid
    /dev/sda1: UUID="134a011f-da62-4de9-95cc-0886930f51de" TYPE="xfs"
    /dev/sda2: UUID="zrqfq8-H9s1-VtMW-jFCU-UP8k-2Ubh-iyrgqh" TYPE="LVM2_member"
    /dev/sdb1: UUID="309c07e9-4604-4cd8-8cc1-e28305a90642" TYPE="xfs" PARTLABEL="/dev/sdb1" PARTUUID="849b35f2-3c8e-43b2-800f-4d8f924f1265"
    /dev/sr0: UUID="2019-09-11-18-50-31-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos"
    /dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="8f4dd943-1e82-4beb-befe-28dd692c859b" TYPE="xfs"
    /dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="f6505240-3b2d-4859-8d95-c1d541ff1f38" TYPE="swap"
     
    永久挂载
    [root@chenyun ~]# vim /etc/fstab
        UUID=309c07e9-4604-4cd8-8cc1-e28305a90642     /mnt     xfs     defaults     0 0
     
    查看/dev/sdb1是否挂载成功
     
     
     
     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenyun1/p/12563066.html
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