• 设计模式-行为型模式-创建者模式


    Introduce:

    创建者模式属于创建型模式,其核心思想是将一个复杂对象的构建算法与它的构成部件、组装方式分离,使得构建算法和组装方式可以独立应对变化,那么部件可以被复用,组装方式可以适应不同的变化,不同的构建算法可以得到不一样的结果。创建者模式主要由5部分构成:Abstrct Builder, Concrete Builder, Abstract Product, Concrete Product and Director。

    我们可以举个例子,盖房子。房子是Abstract Product,洋房、别墅、茅草屋...具体的Product;工人是Abstract Builder,瓦匠工、木工、打地基的工匠、铺楼板的工匠...具体的Builder,这些工匠都有一技之长,或者好几手绝活,但是要是让他们自己独立盖一幢房子,他们是不知道怎么盖的,他们只能干自己特长的事,但是Director知道怎么盖房子(什么样的房子怎么盖他都会),因为他上过学,纸上的功夫那是刚刚的,但是呢你要让他打地基,他干不了,你要让他搬砖,他说“他会”(程序员不都是搬砖吗),结果被农民工笑掉大牙;有人要盖房,什么样的需求,给Director一说,他就开始吩咐各类工人干活,谁先干(当然是先打地基,旧房改造不需要打地基),谁接着干,这都是有策略的(这里引入策略模式,根据客户的需求去生成对应的产品)。

    Advantages and Disadvantages

    优点:在创建者模式中,客户端不用再负责Product的创建与组装,而是将这个Product的创建过程交给具体的创建者,客户端只负责调用对象,这样就能各司其职,Director就只管怎么设计房子,怎么盖;各类民工只要熟练自己的绝活就行。

    缺点:如果不能复用Builder,每个Builder被调用的次数少,每个Product差异大,那么就需要很多Builder,增加了代码的复杂性,如果我对现有的Builder的功能做了修改,也同样会影响其他Product。

    下面的Demo我只写了一个Builder,具体环境中可以自己把握,在实际项目中我在用创建者模式的同时也引入了策略模式。

    具体产品,可做抽象

    package BuilderPattern;
    
    public class Room {
        private String foundation;
        private String window;
        private String door;
        private String floor;
        private String roof;
    
        public String getFoundation() {
            return foundation;
        }
    
        public void setFoundation(String foundation) {
            this.foundation = foundation;
        }
    
        public String getWindow() {
            return window;
        }
    
        public void setWindow(String window) {
            this.window = window;
        }
    
        public String getDoor() {
            return door;
        }
    
        public void setDoor(String door) {
            this.door = door;
        }
    
        public String getFloor() {
            return floor;
        }
    
        public void setFloor(String floor) {
            this.floor = floor;
        }
    
        public String getRoof() {
            return roof;
        }
    
        public void setRoof(String roof) {
            this.roof = roof;
        }
    }

    抽象创建者

    package BuilderPattern;
    
    public interface IBuilder {
        void buildFoundation();
        void buildWindow();
        void buildDoor();
        void buildFloor();
        void buildRoof();
        Room getRoom();
    }

    具体创建者

    package BuilderPattern;
    
    public class Builder implements IBuilder {
        private Room room;
    
        public Builder() {
            this.room = new Room();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void buildFoundation() {
            System.out.println("Build foundation...");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void buildWindow() {
            System.out.println("Build window...");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void buildDoor() {
            System.out.println("Build door...");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void buildFloor() {
            System.out.println("Build floor...");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void buildRoof() {
            System.out.println("Build roof...");
        }
    
        @Override
        public Room getRoom() {
            return this.room;
        }
    
    }

    Director

    package BuilderPattern;
    
    public class Director {
        private IBuilder builder;
    
        public Director() {}
    
        public Director(IBuilder builder) {
            this.builder = builder;
        }
    
        public void orderBuilder() {
            if (null != this.builder) {
                // First build foundation;
                builder.buildFoundation();
    
                // Second build floor
                builder.buildFloor();
    
                // Third build door and window
                builder.buildDoor();
                builder.buildWindow();
    
                // Fourth build roof
                builder.buildRoof();
            }
        }
    }

    调用

    package BuilderPattern;
    
    public class Main {
    
        public static void execBuilderPattern() {
            System.out.println("Builder Pattern:");
            // Builder implements all build method, while they don't know how to build a room.
            Builder builder = new Builder();
    
            // Director know how to build a room, but him doesn't know how to work.
            Director director = new Director(builder);
            director.orderBuilder();
            Room room = builder.getRoom();
            System.out.println("End---------------------------");
        }
    
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenyongblog/p/5223149.html
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