• pandas简单教程1


    pandas简单教程1

    Series

    import pandas as pd
    import numpy as np
    s = pd.Series([1,3,6,np.nan,44,1])
    
    print(s)
    """
    0     1.0
    1     3.0
    2     6.0
    3     NaN
    4    44.0
    5     1.0
    dtype: float64
    """
    

    Series的字符串表现形式为:索引在左边,值在右边。由于我们没有为数据指定索引。于是会自动创建一个0到N-1(N为长度)的整数型索引。

    DataFrame

    dates = pd.date_range('20160101',periods=6)
    df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(6,4),index=dates,columns=['a','b','c','d'])
    
    print(df)
    """
                       a         b         c         d
    2016-01-01 -0.253065 -2.071051 -0.640515  0.613663
    2016-01-02 -1.147178  1.532470  0.989255 -0.499761
    2016-01-03  1.221656 -2.390171  1.862914  0.778070
    2016-01-04  1.473877 -0.046419  0.610046  0.204672
    2016-01-05 -1.584752 -0.700592  1.487264 -1.778293
    2016-01-06  0.633675 -1.414157 -0.277066 -0.442545
    """
    

    DataFrame是一个表格型的数据结构,它包含有一组有序的列,每列可以是不同的值类型(数值,字符串,布尔值等)。DataFrame既有行索引也有列索引, 它可以被看做由Series组成的大字典。

    我们可以根据每一个不同的索引来挑选数据, 比如挑选 b 的元素:

    DataFrame 的一些简单运用

    print(df['b'])
    
    """
    2016-01-01   -2.071051
    2016-01-02    1.532470
    2016-01-03   -2.390171
    2016-01-04   -0.046419
    2016-01-05   -0.700592
    2016-01-06   -1.414157
    Freq: D, Name: b, dtype: float64
    """
    

    我们在创建一组没有给定行标签和列标签的数据 df1:

    df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(12).reshape((3,4)))
    print(df1)
    
    """
       0  1   2   3
    0  0  1   2   3
    1  4  5   6   7
    2  8  9  10  11
    """
    

    这样,他就会采取默认的从0开始 index. 还有一种生成 df 的方法, 如下 df2:

    df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A' : 1.,
                        'B' : pd.Timestamp('20130102'),
                        'C' : pd.Series(1,index=list(range(4)),dtype='float32'),
                        'D' : np.array([3] * 4,dtype='int32'),
                        'E' : pd.Categorical(["test","train","test","train"]),
                        'F' : 'foo'})
                        
    print(df2)
    
    """
         A          B    C  D      E    F
    0  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0  3   test  foo
    1  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0  3  train  foo
    2  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0  3   test  foo
    3  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0  3  train  foo
    """
    

    这种方法能对每一列的数据进行特殊对待. 如果想要查看数据中的类型, 我们可以用 dtype 这个属性:

    print(df2.dtypes)
    
    """
    df2.dtypes
    A           float64
    B    datetime64[ns]
    C           float32
    D             int32
    E          category
    F            object
    dtype: object
    """
    

    如果想看对列的序号:

    print(df2.index)
    
    # Int64Index([0, 1, 2, 3], dtype='int64')
    

    同样, 每种数据的名称也能看到:

    print(df2.columns)
    
    # Index(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'], dtype='object')
    

    如果只想看所有df2的值:

    print(df2.values)
    
    """
    array([[1.0, Timestamp('2013-01-02 00:00:00'), 1.0, 3, 'test', 'foo'],
           [1.0, Timestamp('2013-01-02 00:00:00'), 1.0, 3, 'train', 'foo'],
           [1.0, Timestamp('2013-01-02 00:00:00'), 1.0, 3, 'test', 'foo'],
           [1.0, Timestamp('2013-01-02 00:00:00'), 1.0, 3, 'train', 'foo']], dtype=object)
    """
    

    想知道数据的总结, 可以用 describe():

    df2.describe()
    
    """
             A    C    D
    count  4.0  4.0  4.0
    mean   1.0  1.0  3.0
    std    0.0  0.0  0.0
    min    1.0  1.0  3.0
    25%    1.0  1.0  3.0
    50%    1.0  1.0  3.0
    75%    1.0  1.0  3.0
    max    1.0  1.0  3.0
    """
    

    如果想翻转数据, transpose:

    print(df2.T)
    
    """                   
    0                    1                    2  
    A                    1                    1                    1   
    B  2013-01-02 00:00:00  2013-01-02 00:00:00  2013-01-02 00:00:00   
    C                    1                    1                    1   
    D                    3                    3                    3   
    E                 test                train                 test   
    F                  foo                  foo                  foo   
    
                         3  
    A                    1  
    B  2013-01-02 00:00:00  
    C                    1  
    D                    3  
    E                train  
    F                  foo  
    
    """
    

    如果想对数据的 index 进行排序并输出:

    print(df2.sort_index(axis=1, ascending=False))
    
    """
         F      E  D    C          B    A
    0  foo   test  3  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0
    1  foo  train  3  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0
    2  foo   test  3  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0
    3  foo  train  3  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0
    """
    

    如果是对数据 值 排序输出:

    print(df2.sort_values(by='B'))
    
    """
         A          B    C  D      E    F
    0  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0  3   test  foo
    1  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0  3  train  foo
    2  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0  3   test  foo
    3  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0  3  train  foo
    """
    

    实验代码:

    import pandas as pd
    import numpy as np
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=['a', 'b', 'c'])
        print(s)
        dates = pd.date_range('20200826', periods=6)
        df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(6, 4), index=dates, columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
        print(df)
        # 查看某一列
        print(df['b'])
        df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(12).reshape(3, 4))
        print(df1)
        df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': 1.,
                            'B': pd.Timestamp('20130102'),
                            'C': pd.Series(1, index=list(range(4)), dtype='float32'),
                            'D': np.array([3] * 4, dtype='int32'),
                            'E': pd.Categorical(["test", "train", "test", "train"]),
                            'F': 'foo'})
        print(df2)
        print(df2.dtypes)
        print(df2.index)
        print(df2.columns)
        print(df2.values)
        print(df2.describe())
        print(df2.T)
        print(df2.sort_index(axis=1, ascending=False))
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenyameng/p/13563441.html
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