• 使用IDEA结合MAVEN创建一个Spring Java Web项目


    • 前言

        如今的Java项目,如果还使用传统的把jar包复制到目录下这种原始的方式,对于依赖管理来说实在是灾难。对某个功能需要引入某种技术包,但是你不确定是否已存在,如果分类好的话还好找,若是杂在一堆不仅头大,还身心俱疲。Maven旨在解决依赖问题,让项目结构变得精简,而Spring解决了项目中Bean的管理以及各种配置文件配置的功能轻松读入等问题,对于Java项目来说确实是福音。对于一个Web项目来说,必然需要数据库的读写,JdbcTemplate是一个Spring实现的Jdbc Support。对于之前必然依赖ORM的项目来说,这个组件表现得十分的轻便以及可伸缩,不需要写Mapping就使用HashMap的可伸缩性,实在是小型团队以及敏捷公司的良伴。加之报错栈十分的简单,一个数据库过程就只会在Dao里写一个sql和加载参数,最后执行,如果出错就只有在sql和参数中排查即可,比起之前在Mybatis里各种翻配置文件的时期,简直就是天堂地狱。

        好了,说了这么多优劣,今天来写写要做笔记的项目。Java Web项目 + Maven项目依赖 + Spring + Spring MVC + JdbcTemplate + dbcp2连接池。其实中间三项都是Spring里面含有的。

    • 开始

        下载一个IDEAIDE,这个IDE比之于Eclipse,一开始会有些不习惯,但是用了一段时间之后就觉得它的各种细节处理很受好评,特别是对Maven项目的支持。

        然后新建一个Maven Java 项目,选择Web模板。虽然IDE版本不一样,但是模板之类还有新建模板的步骤都是没怎么变化的。

         选择创建按照Web模板,和JDK版本。

         这个group id 的官方解释是组织id,我的理解是比如一个项目的组织为taobao,jd这样子,算是项目组的最高id。artifact id官方解释是项目唯一标识,算是在组织之下的唯一项目标志,创建项目之后会发现项目名称是这个artifact id。

         之后的一步是选择maven版本,maven仓库之类的,自行斟酌。

        在我的环境里,创建完项目之后,结构并不是我想象的那样,查了资料,加上等待maven加载之后,项目的结构变成了我熟悉的那种结构,就是少了java文件夹。创建项目之后,maven会一直下载jar包,等它加载完成才会变成熟悉的maven结构。

        这里在配置的时候注意,classpath是java目录下,如果在src/main下面如果没有java可以自己建一个(我就是没有这个文件夹)。

        接下来,项目加载完成了,需要导入依赖包了,编辑pom.xml文件。(在这里保存我本地项目的配置)

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <groupId>TestProject</groupId>
      <artifactId>test1</artifactId>
      <packaging>war</packaging>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <name>test1 Maven Webapp</name>
      <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
      <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <!-- spring版本号 -->
        <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <!-- mybatis版本号 -->
        <mybatis.version>3.2.6</mybatis.version>
        <!-- log4j日志文件管理包版本 -->
        <slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <!-- jackson包版本 -->
        <jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version>
      </properties>
    
      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.1</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    
        <!--单元测试依赖 -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>4.11</version>
          <!-- 表示开发的时候引入,发布的时候不会加载此包 -->
          <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    
        <!--spring单元测试依赖 -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    
        <!-- springMVC核心包 -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <!-- spring核心包 -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
          <version>4.0.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <!-- AOP begin -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
          <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
          <version>1.7.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
          <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
          <version>1.7.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>cglib</groupId>
          <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
          <version>3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- AOP end -->
        <!-- Mysql数据库驱动包 -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>mysql</groupId>
          <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
          <version>5.1.34</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- log start -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>log4j</groupId>
          <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
          <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
          <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
          <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
          <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
          <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- log end -->
        <!--servlet-->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
          <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.1</version>
          <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 映入JSON -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
          <version>1.9.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
          <version>1.9.13</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
          <version>${jackson.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
          <version>${jackson.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
          <version>${jackson.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
          <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
          <version>2.1</version>
          <classifier>jdk15</classifier>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
          <artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
          <version>2.0</version>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
      <build>
        <finalName>test1</finalName>
        <plugins>
          <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
              <source>1.6</source>
              <target>1.6</target>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>
        </plugins>
    
        <!-- 解决Maven项目编译后classes文件中没有.xml问题 -->
        <resources>
          <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
              <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
          </resource>
        </resources>
      </build>
    </project>

        待加载完成后,配置web.xml。

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    
      <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>/index.html</welcome-file>
      </welcome-file-list>
      <display-name>test1</display-name>
    
      <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath:resources/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
      </servlet>
      <!-- 拦截设置 -->
      <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <!-- 此处可以可以配置成*.do,对应struts的后缀习惯 -->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
    
    
      <!--把applicationContext.xml加入到配置文件中-->
      <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:resources/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
      </context-param>
      <!--spring启动监听器-->
      <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
      </listener>
      <!--日志配置-->
      <context-param>
        <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:resources/log4j.properties</param-value>
      </context-param>
    </web-app>

        需要配置文件:spring bean配置文件,spring mvc配置文件,jdbc.properties,log4j配置文件。统一写在resource下。

        此时路径是 classpath:resource/*.xml。

        其他几份配置文件。

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
            xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
            xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.0.xsd">
        <!-- 进行主数据库的事务配置,采用默认策略 -->
        <bean id="transactionManager"
              class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        </bean>
        <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
        <!-- 引入jdbc配置文件 -->
        <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
            <property name="locations">
                <list>
                    <value>classpath:resources/jdbc.properties</value>
                </list>
            </property>
        </bean>
        <!-- 配置数据源 使用dbcp连接池-->
        <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource"  destroy-method="close">
            <property name="url">
                <value>${jdbc.url}</value>
            </property>
            <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
            <property name="username">
                <value>${jdbc.username}</value>
            </property>
            <property name="password">
                <value>${jdbc.password}</value>
            </property>
            <!--initialSize: 初始化连接-->
            <property name="initialSize" value="25"/>
            <property name="maxTotal" value="20"/>
            <property name="maxIdle" value="5"/>
        </bean>
        <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
            <property name="dataSource" ref ="dataSource"/>
        </bean>
    
        <!--Dao Config-->
        <bean id="demoDao" class="Dao.DemoDao">
            <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref ="jdbcTemplate"/>
        </bean>
    </beans>
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">
    
        <description>Spring MVC Configuration</description>
        <mvc:annotation-driven/>
        <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="controller"/>
    
        <!-- don't handle the static resource -->
        <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
    
        <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
        <mvc:annotation-driven />
    
        <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
              id="internalResourceViewResolver">
            <!-- 前缀 -->
            <property name="prefix" value="" />
            <!-- 后缀 -->
            <property name="suffix" value="" />
        </bean>
    </beans>
    ### u8BBEu7F6E###
    log4j.rootLogger=D,E,CONSOLE
    ###set spring not output under error rank
    log4j.logger.org.springframework=ERROR
    ###Console print
    log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
    log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Target=System.out
    log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] -[ %l ] %m%n
    log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
    log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] -[ %l ] %m%n
    
    log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
    log4j.appender.E.File = ${catalina.base}/InvoiceLogs/error.log
    log4j.appender.E.Append = true
    log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR 
    log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] -[ %l ] %m%n
    jdbc.driverClass = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Test?useUnicode=true&amp&characterEncoding=UTF-8
    jdbc.username = 账号
    jdbc.password = 密码

      配置完成之后写个demo然后看看运行正常么。

    package controller;
    
    import Dao.DemoDao;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    /**
     * Created by MacBook on 2017/11/5.
     */
    @RequestMapping("/first")
    @Controller
    public class FirstController {
        @Autowired
        private DemoDao demoDao;
    
        @RequestMapping(value="/sayHello",produces="text/html;charset=UTF-8",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public @ResponseBody String sayHello(){
            return "hello";
        }
        @RequestMapping(value="/testDao",produces="text/html;charset=UTF-8",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public @ResponseBody String testDao(){
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            List<Map<String,Object>> arr = demoDao.getAddressAll();
            if(arr != null){
                for(Map<String,Object> map : arr){
                    sb.append("id :"+map.get("id").toString()).append("	");
                    sb.append("address :"+map.get("address").toString()).append("	");
                    sb.append("remart :"+map.get("remark").toString()).append("	");
                    sb.append("
    ");
                }
            }else {
                sb.append("no data");
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }
    }
    package Dao;
    
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    /**
     * Created by MacBook on 2017/11/5.
     */
    public class DemoDao {
        private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    
        //测试获取address信息
        public List<Map<String,Object>> getAddressAll(){
            String sql = "select * from address";
            try{
                return jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql);
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
                return null;
            }
        }
    
        public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate() {
            return jdbcTemplate;
        }
    
        public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
            this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
        }
    }

        测试运行正常,到此笔记结束。

        对jdbcTemplate的泛型数据处理那是服服帖帖的,数据库返回的数据,要不就是一列要不就是多列要不就是没有。List<Map<String,Object>>为多列数据,Map<String,Object>为一列数据,没有会抛异常。有点近乎于nosql的领域,需要什么拿什么这种感觉。舍弃了繁重的数据封装model层。

    •  结尾

        本来新建项目是件很简单的事情,但是上周弄了快一个下午,所以特此记录一下。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chentingk/p/7821581.html
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