MySQL安装(二进制安装)

二进制安装（自定义目录）

https://www.cnblogs.com/chenlifan/p/13849099.html 

二进制安装

1）下载或者上传二进制包

[root@db01 ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
#或者进到官网下载好包上传
[root@db01 ~]# rz mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2）安装依赖

[root@db01 ~]# yum install -y ncurses-devel libaio-devel cmake glibc autoconf

3）解压安装包

[root@db01 ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

4）移动并改名

[root@db01 ~]# mv mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql-5.6.42

5）做软连接

[root@db01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.6.42 /usr/local/mysql

6）创建数据库用户

[root@db01 ~]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M

7）拷贝配置文件和启动文件

[root@db01 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? y

[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

8）初始化数据库

#1.进入初始化文件目录
[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# cd ../scripts/
[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# ll
total 36
-rwxr-xr-x 1 7161 31415 34558 Sep 10  2018 mysql_install_db

#2.执行初始化
[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

--user：指定用户
--basedir：mysql的安装目录
--datadir：mysql的数据目录

#3.初始化成功的标志
1）初始化过程有两个ok
2）数据目录下有库文件
[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# ll /usr/local/mysql/data/
total 110600
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Oct 19 17:09 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Oct 19 17:09 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Oct 19 17:09 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Oct 19 17:09 mysql
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Oct 19 17:09 performance_schema
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql       20 Oct 19 16:58 test

9）启动数据库

#二进制安装没有配置system管理
[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# systemctl start mysql
Failed to start mysql.service: Unit not found.

#使用启动脚本
[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/db01.err'.
 SUCCESS!

10）验证数据库启动

#查看端口
[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# netstat -lntp | grep 3306
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      7930/mysqld         

#查看进程
[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root       7822      1  0 17:14 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01.pid
mysql      7930   7822  0 17:14 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=db01.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01.pid
root       7961   7441  0 17:15 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

#登录数据库
[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.42 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

11）配置system管理数据库启动

#1.配置system管理数据库文件
[root@db01 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000

#2.重新加载system管理配置
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

#3.使用system管理启动数据库
[root@db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld

12）配置环境变量

#1.配置环境变量
[root@db01 ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

#2.重新加载环境变量
[root@db01 ~]# source /etc/profile

#3.测试mysql命令
[root@db01 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.42 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>