只用学 Kotlin 就可以了?说说Kotlin与Java的异同吧

很多时候，事实比争论更加有力量。自从谷歌表明 Kotlin 的官方地位以来，很多移动开发的初学者都开始迷茫，尤其是那些入门不久的新人，他们都在纠结一个问题：我们现在还需要Java语言吗？是不是只用学 Kotlin 就可以了？

在这篇博文中呢，我将为大家分享Kotlin与Java上的主要异同，希望能够帮助到各位小伙伴快速上手Kotlin开发。
原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/fengyuzhengfan/article/details/106587450

打印日志

Java

System.out.print("hello world");
System.out.println("hello world");

Kotlin

print("hello world")
println("hello world")

定义变量与常量常

Java

String name = "hello world";
final String name = "hello world";

Kotlin

var name = "hello world"
val name = "hello world"

null声明

Java

String otherName;
otherName = null;

Kotlin

var otherName : String?
otherName = null

空判断

Java

if (text != null) {
    int length = text.length();
}

Kotlin

text?.let {
    val length = text.length
}
// or simply
val length = text?.length

字符串拼接

Java

String firstName = "Android";
String lastName = "Architect";
String message = "My name is: " + firstName + " " + lastName;

Kotlin

val firstName = "Android"
val lastName = "Architect"
val message = "My name is: $firstName $lastName"

换行

Java

String text = "First Line
" +
              "Second Line
" +
              "Third Line";

Kotlin

val text = """
        |First Line
        |Second Line
        |Third Line
        """.trimMargin()

三元表达式

Java

String text = x > 5 ? "x > 5" : "x <= 5";

Kotlin

val text = if (x > 5)
              "x > 5"
           else "x <= 5"

操作符

java

final int andResult  = a & b;
final int orResult   = a | b;
final int xorResult  = a ^ b;
final int rightShift = a >> 2;
final int leftShift  = a << 2;
final int unsignedRightShift = a >>> 2;

Kotlin

val andResult  = a and b
val orResult   = a or b
val xorResult  = a xor b
val rightShift = a shr 2
val leftShift  = a shl 2
val unsignedRightShift = a ushr 2

类型判断和转换 (声明式)

Java

Car car = (Car) object;

Kotlin

var car = object as Car

类型判断和转换 (隐式)

Java

if (object instanceof Car) {
   Car car = (Car) object;
}

Kotlin

if (object is Car) {
   var car = object // 自动识别
}

多重条件

Java

if (score >= 0 && score <= 300) { }

Kotlin

if (score in 0..300) { }

更灵活的case语句

Java

int score = // some score;
String grade;
switch (score) {
    case 10:
    case 9:
        grade = "Excellent";
        break;
    case 8:
    case 7:
    case 6:
        grade = "Good";
        break;
    case 5:
    case 4:
        grade = "OK";
        break;
    case 3:
    case 2:
    case 1:
        grade = "Fail";
        break;
    default:
        grade = "Fail";
}

Kotlin

var score = // some score
var grade = when (score) {
    9, 10 -> "Excellent"
    in 6..8 -> "Good"
    4, 5 -> "OK"
    in 1..3 -> "Fail"
    else -> "Fail"
}

for循环

Java

for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++) { }

for (int i = 1; i < 10 ; i++) { }

for (int i = 10; i >= 0 ; i--) { }

for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i+=2) { }

for (int i = 10; i >= 0 ; i-=2) { }

for (String item : collection) { }

for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry: map.entrySet()) { }

Kotlin

for (i in 1..10) { }

for (i in 1 until 10) { }

for (i in 10 downTo 0) { }

for (i in 1..10 step 2) { }

for (i in 10 downTo 0 step 2) { }

for (item in collection) { }

for ((key, value) in map) { }

更方便的集合操作

Java

final List<Integer> listOfNumber = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);

final Map<Integer, String> keyValue = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
map.put(1, "Android");
map.put(2, "Ali");
map.put(3, "Mindorks");

// Java 9
final List<Integer> listOfNumber = List.of(1, 2, 3, 4);

final Map<Integer, String> keyValue = Map.of(1, "Android",
                                             2, "Ali",
                                             3, "Mindorks");

Kotlin

val listOfNumber = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4)
val keyValue = mapOf(1 to "Android",
                     2 to "Ali",
                     3 to "Mindorks")

遍历

Java

// Java 7 and below
for (Car car : cars) {
  System.out.println(car.speed);
}

// Java 8+
cars.forEach(car -> System.out.println(car.speed));

// Java 7 and below
for (Car car : cars) {
  if (car.speed > 100) {
    System.out.println(car.speed);
  }
}

// Java 8+
cars.stream().filter(car -> car.speed > 100).forEach(car -> System.out.println(car.speed));

Kotlin

cars.forEach {
    println(it.speed)
}

cars.filter { it.speed > 100 }
      .forEach { println(it.speed)}

方法定义

Java

void doSomething() {
   // logic here
}

void doSomething(int... numbers) {
   // logic here
}

Kotlin

fun doSomething() {
   // logic here
}

fun doSomething(vararg numbers: Int) {
   // logic here
}

带返回值的方法

Java

int getScore() {
   // logic here
   return score;
}

Kotlin

fun getScore(): Int {
   // logic here
   return score
}

// as a single-expression function

fun getScore(): Int = score

无结束符号

Java

int getScore(int value) {
    // logic here
    return 2 * value;
}

Kotlin

fun getScore(value: Int): Int {
   // logic here
   return 2 * value
}

// as a single-expression function

fun getScore(value: Int): Int = 2 * value

constructor 构造器

Java

public class Utils {

    private Utils() {
      // This utility class is not publicly instantiable
    }

    public static int getScore(int value) {
        return 2 * value;
    }

}

Kotlin

class Utils private constructor() {

    companion object {

        fun getScore(value: Int): Int {
            return 2 * value
        }

    }
}

// another way

object Utils {

    fun getScore(value: Int): Int {
        return 2 * value
    }

}

Get Set 构造器

Java

public class Developer {

    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Developer(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

Kotlin

data class Developer(val name: String, val age: Int)

最后

Android学习是一条漫长的道路，我们要学习的东西不仅仅只有表面的 技术，还要深入底层，弄明白下面的 原理，只有这样，我们才能够提高自己的竞争力，在当今这个竞争激烈的世界里立足。

千里之行始于足下，愿你我共勉。

我把自己这段时间整理的Android最重要最热门的学习方向资料放在了我的GitHub，里面还有不同方向的自学编程路线、面试题集合/面经、及系列技术文章等。

资源持续更新中，欢迎大家一起学习和探讨。