• mysql 水平分表技术


    这里做的是我的一个笔记。

    水平分表比较简单, 理解就是:

    • 合并的表使用的必须是MyISAM引擎
    • 表的结构必须一致,包括索引、字段类型、引擎和字符集

    数据表

    user1

    CREATE TABLE `user1` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `sex` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    

    user2

    create table user2 like user1;

    user

    CREATE TABLE `user` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `sex` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
      KEY `id` (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=MRG_MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 INSERT_METHOD=LAST UNION=(`user1`,`user2`);
    

    1) ENGINE = MERGE 和 ENGINE = MRG_MyISAM是一样的意思,都是代表使用的存储引擎是 Merge。

    2) INSERT_METHOD,表示插入方式,取值可以是:0 和 1,0代表不允许插入,1代表可以插入;

    3) FIRST插入到UNION中的第一个表,LAST插入到UNION中的最后一个表。

    触发器

    create table tb_ids(id int);
    
    insert into tb_ids values(1);

    如果user1和user2中有数据的话先清除

    delete from user1;
    delete from user2;
    

    然后在user1和user2表中分别建立一个触发器(tr_seq和tr_seq2),触发器的功能是 当在user1或者user2表中增加一条记录时,取出tb_ids中的id值,赋给user1和user2的id,然后将tb_ids的id值加1.

    user1的触发器:tr_seq

    DELIMITER $$
       CREATE TRIGGER tr_seq
       BEFORE INSERT on user1
       FOR EACH ROW BEGIN 
          select id  into @testid from tb_ids limit 1;
          update tb_ids set id = @testid + 1;
       set new.id =  @testid;
       END$$
       DELIMITER;

    user2的触发器:tr_seq2

    DELIMITER $$
       CREATE TRIGGER tr_seq2
       BEFORE INSERT on user2
       FOR EACH ROW BEGIN 
          select id  into @testid from tb_ids limit 1;
          update tb_ids set id = @testid + 1;
       set new.id =  @testid;
       END$$
       DELIMITER;
    

    我是直接扔进一个sql文件source执行的, 效果都一样.

    然后查询一下触发器

    select * from information_schema.triggers where TRIGGER_NAME='tr_seq' G;
    

    此时已经分表成功, 下面插入数据

    mysql>  insert into user1(name,sex) values('王五',1);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user2(name,sex) values('张飞',2);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user2(name,sex) values('张飞',2);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user2(name,sex) values('张飞',2);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user2(name,sex) values('张飞',2);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user2(name,sex) values('张飞',2);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user2(name,sex) values('张飞',2);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user2(name,sex) values('张飞',2);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user2(name,sex) values('张飞',2);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user2(name,sex) values('张飞',2);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user1(name,sex) values('王五',1);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user1(name,sex) values('王五',1);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user1(name,sex) values('王五',1);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user1(name,sex) values('王五',1);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user1(name,sex) values('王五',1);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user1(name,sex) values('王五',1);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user1(name,sex) values('王五',1);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

    查询一下所有数据库

    show tables;
    

    查询user1

    mysql> select * from user1;
    +----+--------+-----+
    | id | name   | sex |
    +----+--------+-----+
    |  1 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 11 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 12 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 13 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 14 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 15 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 16 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 17 | 王五   |   1 |
    +----+--------+-----+
    8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

     查询user2

    mysql> select * from user2;
    +----+--------+-----+
    | id | name   | sex |
    +----+--------+-----+
    |  2 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  3 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  4 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  5 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  6 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  7 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  8 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  9 | 张飞   |   2 |
    | 10 | 张飞   |   2 |
    +----+--------+-----+
    9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

     再插入几条数据, 前面插入的太偏向了

    mysql>  insert into user1(name,sex) values('王五',1);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user2(name,sex) values('王五',1);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user2(name,sex) values('王五',4);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
    mysql>  insert into user1(name,sex) values('王五',4);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

     此时查看user

    mysql> select * from user order by id asc;
    +----+--------+-----+
    | id | name   | sex |
    +----+--------+-----+
    |  1 | 王五   |   1 |
    |  2 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  3 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  4 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  5 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  6 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  7 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  8 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  9 | 张飞   |   2 |
    | 10 | 张飞   |   2 |
    | 11 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 12 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 13 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 14 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 15 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 16 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 17 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 18 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 19 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 20 | 王五   |   4 |
    | 21 | 王五   |   4 |
    +----+--------+-----+
    21 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    user1

    mysql> select * from user1 order by id asc;
    +----+--------+-----+
    | id | name   | sex |
    +----+--------+-----+
    |  1 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 11 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 12 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 13 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 14 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 15 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 16 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 17 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 18 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 21 | 王五   |   4 |
    +----+--------+-----+
    10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

     user2

    mysql> select * from user2 order by id asc;
    +----+--------+-----+
    | id | name   | sex |
    +----+--------+-----+
    |  2 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  3 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  4 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  5 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  6 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  7 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  8 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  9 | 张飞   |   2 |
    | 10 | 张飞   |   2 |
    | 19 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 20 | 王五   |   4 |
    +----+--------+-----+
    11 rows in set (0.00 sec)  

    下面我们update一下

    mysql> update user set name='刘备' where id ='9';
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

     再看一下user

    mysql> select * from user order by id asc;
    +----+--------+-----+
    | id | name   | sex |
    +----+--------+-----+
    |  1 | 王五   |   1 |
    |  2 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  3 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  4 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  5 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  6 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  7 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  8 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  9 | 刘备   |   2 |
    | 10 | 张飞   |   2 |
    | 11 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 12 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 13 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 14 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 15 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 16 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 17 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 18 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 19 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 20 | 王五   |   4 |
    | 21 | 王五   |   4 |
    +----+--------+-----+
    21 rows in set (0.00 sec)

     user1

    mysql> select * from user1;
    +----+--------+-----+
    | id | name   | sex |
    +----+--------+-----+
    |  1 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 11 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 12 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 13 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 14 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 15 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 16 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 17 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 18 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 21 | 王五   |   4 |
    +----+--------+-----+
    10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

     user2

    mysql> select * from user2;
    +----+--------+-----+
    | id | name   | sex |
    +----+--------+-----+
    |  2 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  3 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  4 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  5 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  6 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  7 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  8 | 张飞   |   2 |
    |  9 | 刘备   |   2 |
    | 10 | 张飞   |   2 |
    | 19 | 王五   |   1 |
    | 20 | 王五   |   4 |
    +----+--------+-----+
    11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    水平分表完成!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenglee/p/9401384.html
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