Spring Cloud Gateway 内置Filter
Spring Cloud Gateway中内置了很多过滤器,实现类有二十多个;
分类几类:
AddRequestHeader
给请求加上一条header信息;
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: add_request_header_route
uri: https://example.org
filters:
- AddRequestHeader=X-Request-red, blue
AddRequestParameter
给请求加上Paramter参数
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: add_request_parameter_route
uri: https://example.org
filters:
- AddRequestParameter=key,value
RewritePath
Spring Cloud Gateway 的RewritePath可以替换Zuul的StripPrefix;
修改转发的路径
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: rewritepath_route
uri: https://example.org
predicates:
- Path=/red/**
filters:
- RewritePath=/red(?<segment>/?.*), ${segment}
AddResponseHeader
对网关的响应添加Header
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: add_response_header_route
uri: https://example.org
filters:
- AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Red, Blue
StripPrefix
用于去除url的前缀
spring:
application:
name: sc-gateway-server
cloud:
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: false
lowerCaseServiceId: true
routes:
- id: service-hi
uri: lb://SERVICE-HI
predicates:
- Path=/demo/**
- Between=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver], 2021-01-21T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]
- Header=key,value
- Method=GET,POST
# - Cookie=mycookie,mycookievalue
# - After=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]
# - Before=2020-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]
filters:
- StripPrefix=1
@Bean
public RouteLocator customerRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
return builder.routes()
.route(r -> r.path("/cpu/**")
.filters(f -> f.filter(gatewayRateLimitFilterByCpu).stripPrefix(1))
.uri("lb://SERVICE-HI")
.id("rateLimit_route11111")
)
.build();
}
PrefixPath
用于添加url前缀
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: prefixpath_route
uri: https://example.org
filters:
- PrefixPath=/mypath
Retry
请求出现异常是进行重试
参数:
- retries:应尝试的重试次数。
- statuses:应重试的HTTP状态代码,以表示org.springframework.http.HttpStatus。
- methods:应该重试的HTTP方法,以表示org.springframework.http.HttpMethod。
- series:要重试的一系列状态代码,使用表示org.springframework.http.HttpStatus.Series。
- exceptions:应重试的引发异常的列表。
- backoff:为重试配置的指数补偿。重试在的退避间隔后执行firstBackoff * (factor ^ n),其中n为迭代。如果maxBackoff已配置,则应用的最大退避限制为maxBackoff。如果basedOnPreviousValue为true,则使用计算退避prevBackoff * factor。
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: retry_test
uri: http://localhost:8080/flakey
predicates:
- Host=*.retry.com
filters:
- name: Retry
args:
retries: 3
statuses: BAD_GATEWAY
methods: GET,POST
backoff:
firstBackoff: 10ms
maxBackoff: 50ms
factor: 2
basedOnPreviousValue: false
Hystryix
进行服务熔断 降级
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: hystrix_route
uri: https://example.org
filters:
- Hystrix=myCommandName
Hystrix过滤器还可以接受可选fallbackUri参数。当前,仅forward:支持计划的URI。如果调用了后备,则请求将转发到与URI匹配的控制器。以下示例配置了这种后备:
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: hystrix_route
uri: lb://backing-service:8088
predicates:
- Path=/consumingserviceendpoint
filters:
- name: Hystrix
args:
name: fallbackcmd
fallbackUri: forward:/incaseoffailureusethis
- RewritePath=/consumingserviceendpoint, /backingserviceendpoint
/incaseoffailureusethis调用Hystrix后备时,它将转发到URI。请注意,此示例还演示了(可选)Spring Cloud Netflix Ribbon负载平衡(lb在目标URI上定义了前缀)。
主要方案是对fallbackUri网关应用程序中的内部控制器或处理程序使用。但是,您还可以将请求重新路由到外部应用程序中的控制器或处理程序,如下所示:
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: ingredients
uri: lb://ingredients
predicates:
- Path=//ingredients/**
filters:
- name: Hystrix
args:
name: fetchIngredients
fallbackUri: forward:/fallback
- id: ingredients-fallback
uri: http://localhost:9994
predicates:
- Path=/fallback
要为前面显示的示例路由设置五秒钟的超时时间,可以使用以下配置:
hystrix.command.fallbackcmd.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds: 5000