Description
A palindrome is a symmetrical string, that is, a string read identically from left to right as well as from right to left. You are to write a program which, given a string, determines the minimal number of characters to be inserted into the string in order to obtain a palindrome.
As an example, by inserting 2 characters, the string "Ab3bd" can be transformed into a palindrome ("dAb3bAd" or "Adb3bdA"). However, inserting fewer than 2 characters does not produce a palindrome.
As an example, by inserting 2 characters, the string "Ab3bd" can be transformed into a palindrome ("dAb3bAd" or "Adb3bdA"). However, inserting fewer than 2 characters does not produce a palindrome.
Input
Your program is to read from standard input. The first line contains one integer: the length of the input string N, 3 <= N <= 5000. The second line contains one string with length N. The string is formed from uppercase letters from 'A' to 'Z', lowercase letters from 'a' to 'z' and digits from '0' to '9'. Uppercase and lowercase letters are to be considered distinct.
Output
Your program is to write to standard output. The first line contains one integer, which is the desired minimal number.
Sample Input
5 Ab3bd
Sample Output
2
解题思路：这是一个回文串问题，题目的意思是输入一个字符串，求出将其变成一个回文串需要插入字符的最少数。可以用动态规划法，使用dp用状态转移方程。
程序代码：
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
short dp[5005][5005];
char a[5005];
char b[5005];
int main(){
int n,i,j;
while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF){
scanf("%s",a+1);
strcpy(b,a+1);
for( i=0;i<=n;i++){
dp[i][n]=0;
}
for( j=0;j<=n;j++){
dp[0][j]=0;
}
for( i=1;i<=n;i++){
for( j=n-1;j>=0;j--){
if(a[i]==b[j]){
dp[i][j]=dp[i-1][j+1]+1;
}
else{
dp[i][j]=((dp[i-1][j])>(dp[i][j+1]))?(dp[i-1][j]):(dp[i][j+1]);
}
}
}
int res=n-dp[n][0];
printf("%d
",res);
}
return 0;
}