Android-Native-Server 启动和注册详细分析

Android-Native-Server 启动和注册详细分析

 

 

以mediaService为实例来讲解:

mediaService的启动入口 是一个 传统的  main（）函数

源码位置E:src_androidandroid_4.1.1_r1android_4.1.1_r1frameworksavmediamediaservermain_mediaserver.cpp

步骤：、

1.获取ProcessState实例的强引用  proc

2.获取到一个BpServiceManager ServiceManager的代理类

3.初始化服务：AudioFlinger MediaPlayerService  CameraService  AudioPolicyService

4.开启线程池

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    //sp  是 strongpointer 是一个强引用指针
    //获取ProcessState实例的强引用
    sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
    //获取到一个BpServiceManager(BpBinder的子类)(servicerManager的代理对象)
    sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
    ALOGI("ServiceManager: %p", sm.get());
    //AudioFlinger服务初始化
    AudioFlinger::instantiate();
    //MediaPlayerService服务初始化
    MediaPlayerService::instantiate();
    //CameraService服务初始化
    CameraService::instantiate();
    //AudioPolicyService服务初始化
    AudioPolicyService::instantiate();
    //Server进程开启线程池　?
    ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
    IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();
}

 

2.(callby 1) ProcessState::self()是一个单例模式，第一次调用时，gProcess  == null 会出发ProcessState的构造函数

源码位置E:src_androidandroid_4.1.1_r1android_4.1.1_r1frameworks ativelibsinderProcessState.cpp

sp<ProcessState> ProcessState::self()
{
    Mutex::Autolock _l(gProcessMutex);
    if (gProcess != NULL) {
        return gProcess;
    }
    gProcess = new ProcessState;
    return gProcess;
}

 

3.(callby 2) ProcessState的实例化会打开Binder设备并进行内存映射。

源码位置E:src_androidandroid_4.1.1_r1android_4.1.1_r1frameworks ativelibsinderProcessState.cpp

ProcessState::ProcessState()
    : mDriverFD(open_driver())//这里会打开Binder设备
    , mVMStart(MAP_FAILED)
    , mManagesContexts(false)
    , mBinderContextCheckFunc(NULL)
    , mBinderContextUserData(NULL)
    , mThreadPoolStarted(false)
    , mThreadPoolSeq(1)
{
    if (mDriverFD >= 0) {//表示打开open_drover()函数打开Binder设备并映射好虚拟内存空间成功
        // XXX Ideally, there should be a specific define for whether we
        // have mmap (or whether we could possibly have the kernel module
        // availabla).
#if !defined(HAVE_WIN32_IPC)
        // mmap the binder, providing a chunk of virtual address space to receive transactions.
        mVMStart = mmap(0, BINDER_VM_SIZE, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_NORESERVE, mDriverFD, 0);
        if (mVMStart == MAP_FAILED) {
            // *sigh*
            ALOGE("Using /dev/binder failed: unable to mmap transaction memory. ");
            close(mDriverFD);
            mDriverFD = -1;
        }
#else
        mDriverFD = -1;
#endif
    }
 
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL

 

 

4.(callby 3)Binder设备的打开函数。用来打开Binder设备。

源码位置E:src_androidandroid_4.1.1_r1android_4.1.1_r1frameworks ativelibsinderProcessState.cpp

static int open_driver()
{
    int fd = open("/dev/binder", O_RDWR);
    if (fd >= 0) {
        //又是系统调用，具体功能就不知道了。
        fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
        int vers;
        //获取Binder设备的版本号。
        status_t result = ioctl(fd, BINDER_VERSION, &vers);
        if (result == -1) {
            ALOGE("Binder ioctl to obtain version failed: %s", strerror(errno));
            close(fd);
            fd = -1;
        }
        //比较版本号是否匹配，不匹配就打开失败咯
        if (result != 0 || vers != BINDER_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION) {
            ALOGE("Binder driver protocol does not match user space protocol!");
            close(fd);
            fd = -1;
        }
        //通过Binder设备的系统调用，设置最大的线程数量
        size_t maxThreads = 15;
        result = ioctl(fd, BINDER_SET_MAX_THREADS, &maxThreads);
        if (result == -1) {
            ALOGE("Binder ioctl to set max threads failed: %s", strerror(errno));
        }
    } else {
        ALOGW("Opening '/dev/binder' failed: %s ", strerror(errno));
    }
    return fd;
}

 

5.(callby 1) 返回一个BpServiceMamager.是ServiceManager的代理类。

源码位置：IServiceManager.cpp

interface_cast是一个复杂的宏定义把BpBidner封装成BpServiceManager,BpBidner存储在BpServiceManager父类的 BpRefBase 中的mRemote 中并提供remote()函数来返回BpBidner变量

sp<IServiceManager> defaultServiceManager()
{
    if (gDefaultServiceManager != NULL) return gDefaultServiceManager;
 
    {
        AutoMutex _l(gDefaultServiceManagerLock);
        if (gDefaultServiceManager == NULL) {
            gDefaultServiceManager = interface_cast<IServiceManager>(
                ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(NULL));
        }//ProcessState::self()单例函数调用，getContextObject返回的是一个BpBidner
        //interface_cast<IServiceManager> 函数把BpBidner封装成BpServiceManager,BpBidner被放在
        //BpServiceManager父类的 BpRefBase 中的mRemote 中并提供remote()函数来返回BpBidner变量
    }
 
    return gDefaultServiceManager;
}

 

AudioFlinger::instantiate();这一句是对AudioFlinger的初始化（下面的MediaPlayerService等也是同个道理）

AudioFlinger继承了BinderService<AudioFlinger> 和BnAudioFlinger

Binder<AudioFlinger> 提供了两个静态函数在这里被用到 

instantiate  和  publish，publish被instantiate简单调用而已。

源码：BinderService.h

template<typename SERVICE>
class BinderService
{
public:
    //调用了IServiceManager的addService方法，实现服务的注册
    static status_t publish(bool allowIsolated = false) {
        sp<IServiceManager> sm(defaultServiceManager());
        return sm->addService(String16(SERVICE::getServiceName()), new SERVICE(), allowIsolated);
    }
 
    static void publishAndJoinThreadPool(bool allowIsolated = false) {
        sp<IServiceManager> sm(defaultServiceManager());
        sm->addService(String16(SERVICE::getServiceName()), new SERVICE(), allowIsolated);
        ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
        IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();
    }
    //简单调用了publish()方法。
    static void instantiate() { publish(); }
 
    static status_t shutdown() {
        return NO_ERROR;
    }
};

 

publish中调用了人 defaultServiceManager。获取到serviceManager。

在Android的Binder框架中，可以说有三种C/S模式：

1.Client：serviceManager  Server： Binder设备驱动

2.Client：AudioFlinger    Server： serviceManager

3.Client：用户            Server： AudioFlinger

下面publish是第一种C/S模型，实现了serviceManage和Binder设备驱动的交互。通过 sm - > addService提交事务。

static status_t publish( bool allowIsolated = false ) {
        sp < IServiceManager > sm(defaultServiceManager());
         return sm - > addService(String16(SERVICE : : getServiceName()), new SERVICE(), allowIsolated);
    }

 

下面是sm->addservice的具体实现:

Parcel是进程之间通信用的数据格式，data是client传给server的数据，reply是存储Server处理后返回的结果数据。

IServiceManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());是由宏实现的，返回的是"android.os.IserviceManager"

name是当前服务名称"media.audio_fligner"

service:是AudioFlinger实例

remote()返回的是BpBinder实例

virtual status_t addService(const String16& name, const sp<IBinder>& service,
            bool allowIsolated)
    {
        Parcel data, reply;
        data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());//"android.os.IserviceManager"
        data.writeString16(name);
        data.writeStrongBinder(service);
        data.writeInt32(allowIsolated ? 1 : 0);
        //调用remote()返回一个IBinder对象，在调用BpBinder的事物处理函数transact
        //来处理这个事物
        status_t err = remote()->transact(ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);
        return err == NO_ERROR ? reply.readExceptionCode() : err;
    }

 

 

transact中调用了 IPCThreadState::self()->transact，真正对事务进行处理是在IPCThreadState中进行的。

源码：BpBinder.cpp

status_t BpBinder::transact(
    uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
    // Once a binder has died, it will never come back to life.
    if (mAlive) {
        status_t status = IPCThreadState::self()->transact(
            mHandle, code, data, reply, flags);
        if (status == DEAD_OBJECT) mAlive = 0;
        return status;
    }
 
    return DEAD_OBJECT;
}

 

 

IPCThreadState::transact中有两个重要的函数：

writeTransactionData 和  waitForResponse

writeTransactionData ：负责对与Binder设备通讯的数据进行封装。

waitForResponse：负责与Binder设备通讯，还有返回数据的封装。

status_t IPCThreadState::transact(int32_t handle,
                                  uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,
                                  Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
    status_t err = data.errorCheck();
 
    flags |= TF_ACCEPT_FDS;
 
    IF_LOG_TRANSACTIONS() {
        TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
        alog << "BC_TRANSACTION thr " << (void*)pthread_self() << " / hand "
            << handle << " / code " << TypeCode(code) << ": "
            << indent << data << dedent << endl;
    }
 
    if (err == NO_ERROR) {
        LOG_ONEWAY(">>>> SEND from pid %d uid %d %s", getpid(), getuid(),
            (flags & TF_ONE_WAY) == 0 ? "READ REPLY" : "ONE WAY");
        err = writeTransactionData(BC_TRANSACTION, flags, handle, code, data, NULL);
    }
 
   ..............

........省略部分代码.........

............... 
        if (reply) {
            err = waitForResponse(reply);
        } else {
            Parcel fakeReply;
            err = waitForResponse(&fakeReply);
        }
       ..............

.........省略部分代码.........

............... 
    return err;
}

 

 

writeTransactionData 顾名思义就是写入事务所需要的数据。
与Binder设备进行数据的交互是另外一种数据结构binder_transaction_data，不同于进程之间进行通讯的数据结构Parcel

所以在这里就必须把Parcel转换成binder_transaction_data 。

最终是把binder_transaction_data 写进ServiceManager进程在Binder设备申请的内存映射区mOut里面。

上面就把要给Binder设备的数据封装好，放在一个Binder知道的地方。

接下来，就要让Binder去取数据，并做处理。

status_t IPCThreadState::writeTransactionData(int32_t cmd, uint32_t binderFlags,
    int32_t handle, uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, status_t* statusBuffer)
{
    binder_transaction_data tr;
 
    tr.target.handle = handle;
    tr.code = code;
    tr.flags = binderFlags;
    tr.cookie = 0;
    tr.sender_pid = 0;
    tr.sender_euid = 0;
 
    const status_t err = data.errorCheck();
    if (err == NO_ERROR) {
        tr.data_size = data.ipcDataSize();
        tr.data.ptr.buffer = data.ipcData();
        tr.offsets_size = data.ipcObjectsCount()*sizeof(size_t);
        tr.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects();
    } else if (statusBuffer) {
        tr.flags |= TF_STATUS_CODE;
        *statusBuffer = err;
        tr.data_size = sizeof(status_t);
        tr.data.ptr.buffer = statusBuffer;
        tr.offsets_size = 0;
        tr.data.ptr.offsets = NULL;
    } else {
        return (mLastError = err);
    }
 
    mOut.writeInt32(cmd);
    mOut.write(&tr, sizeof(tr));
 
    return NO_ERROR;

 

waitForResponse是另一个重要函数，里面有一个while循环，每次循环的开始都会执行talkWithDriver函数，然后去读取 cmd = mIn.readInt32(); 其返回的是一个command，意思是通过talkWithDriver不断地去访问Binder设备，“催促Binder设备快点处理我的事务”，然后通过mIn.readInt32()得到事务处理结果，再用swich语句来处理，Binder反馈回来的结果，其中case BR_REPLY:是我们最终想要得到的反馈结果，意思是Binder已经对我们的事务做了处理，并有结果了，在这个分支里面，我们把结果写进Parcel *reply，并通过go finish结束函数。

status_t IPCThreadState::waitForResponse(Parcel *reply, status_t *acquireResult)
{
    int32_t cmd;
    int32_t err;
 
    while (1) {
        if ((err=talkWithDriver()) < NO_ERROR) break;
        err = mIn.errorCheck();
        if (err < NO_ERROR) break;
        if (mIn.dataAvail() == 0) continue;
 
        cmd = mIn.readInt32();
 
        IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
            alog << "Processing waitForResponse Command: "
                << getReturnString(cmd) << endl;
        }
 
        switch (cmd) {
        case BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE:
            if (!reply && !acquireResult) goto finish;
            break;
 
        case BR_DEAD_REPLY:
            err = DEAD_OBJECT;
            goto finish;
 
        case BR_FAILED_REPLY:
            err = FAILED_TRANSACTION;
            goto finish;
 
        case BR_ACQUIRE_RESULT:
            {
                ALOG_ASSERT(acquireResult != NULL, "Unexpected brACQUIRE_RESULT");
                const int32_t result = mIn.readInt32();
                if (!acquireResult) continue;
                *acquireResult = result ? NO_ERROR : INVALID_OPERATION;
            }
            goto finish;
 
        case BR_REPLY:
            {
                binder_transaction_data tr;
                err = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr));
                ALOG_ASSERT(err == NO_ERROR, "Not enough command data for brREPLY");
                if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;
 
                if (reply) {
                    if ((tr.flags & TF_STATUS_CODE) == 0) {
                        reply->ipcSetDataReference(
                            reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
                            tr.data_size,
                            reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
                            tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t),
                            freeBuffer, this);
                    } else {
                        err = *static_cast<const status_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer);
                        freeBuffer(NULL,
                            reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
                            tr.data_size,
                            reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
                            tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t), this);
                    }
                } else {
                    freeBuffer(NULL,
                        reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
                        tr.data_size,
                        reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
                        tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t), this);
                    continue;
                }
            }
            goto finish;
 
        default:
            err = executeCommand(cmd);
            if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;
            break;
        }
    }
 
finish:
    if (err != NO_ERROR) {
        if (acquireResult) *acquireResult = err;
        if (reply) reply->setError(err);
        mLastError = err;
    }
 
    return err;
}

 

talkWithDriver中进行内核的Binder通信。

关键函数是：ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr) 进行系统调用。

最后把返回的数据写进 mIn  。

mIn.setDataSize(bwr.read_consumed);
mIn.setDataPosition(0);

status_t IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver(bool doReceive)
{
    ALOG_ASSERT(mProcess->mDriverFD >= 0, "Binder driver is not opened");
 
    binder_write_read bwr;
 
    // Is the read buffer empty?
    const bool needRead = mIn.dataPosition() >= mIn.dataSize();
 
    // We don't want to write anything if we are still reading
    // from data left in the input buffer and the caller
    // has requested to read the next data.
    const size_t outAvail = (!doReceive || needRead) ? mOut.dataSize() : 0;
 
    bwr.write_size = outAvail;
    bwr.write_buffer = (long unsigned int)mOut.data();
 
    // This is what we'll read.
    if (doReceive && needRead) {
        bwr.read_size = mIn.dataCapacity();
        bwr.read_buffer = (long unsigned int)mIn.data();
    } else {
        bwr.read_size = 0;
        bwr.read_buffer = 0;
    }
    //用来打印日志的
    IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
        TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
        if (outAvail != 0) {
            alog << "Sending commands to driver: " << indent;
            const void* cmds = (const void*)bwr.write_buffer;
            const void* end = ((const uint8_t*)cmds)+bwr.write_size;
            alog << HexDump(cmds, bwr.write_size) << endl;
            while (cmds < end) cmds = printCommand(alog, cmds);
            alog << dedent;
        }
        alog << "Size of receive buffer: " << bwr.read_size
            << ", needRead: " << needRead << ", doReceive: " << doReceive << endl;
    }
 
    // Return immediately if there is nothing to do.
    if ((bwr.write_size == 0) && (bwr.read_size == 0)) return NO_ERROR;
 
    bwr.write_consumed = 0;
    bwr.read_consumed = 0;
    status_t err;
    do {
        IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
            alog << "About to read/write, write size = " << mOut.dataSize() << endl;
        }
#if defined(HAVE_ANDROID_OS)
        if (ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr) >= 0)
            err = NO_ERROR;
        else
            err = -errno;
#else
        err = INVALID_OPERATION;
#endif
        IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
            alog << "Finished read/write, write size = " << mOut.dataSize() << endl;
        }
    } while (err == -EINTR);
 
    IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
        alog << "Our err: " << (void*)err << ", write consumed: "
            << bwr.write_consumed << " (of " << mOut.dataSize()
            << "), read consumed: " << bwr.read_consumed << endl;
    }
 
    if (err >= NO_ERROR) {
        if (bwr.write_consumed > 0) {
            if (bwr.write_consumed < (ssize_t)mOut.dataSize())
                mOut.remove(0, bwr.write_consumed);
            else
                mOut.setDataSize(0);
        }
        if (bwr.read_consumed > 0) {
            mIn.setDataSize(bwr.read_consumed);
            mIn.setDataPosition(0);
        }
        IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
            TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
            alog << "Remaining data size: " << mOut.dataSize() << endl;
            alog << "Received commands from driver: " << indent;
            const void* cmds = mIn.data();
            const void* end = mIn.data() + mIn.dataSize();
            alog << HexDump(cmds, mIn.dataSize()) << endl;
            while (cmds < end) cmds = printReturnCommand(alog, cmds);
            alog << dedent;
        }
        return NO_ERROR;
    }
 
    return err;
}

 

最后是开启线程池：

ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();

startThreadPool：

mThreadPoolStarted = true;设置当前线程池的启动标志。

spawnPooledThread中开启一个新线程sp<Thread> t = new PoolThread(isMain);//PoolThread是Thread的子类。

并执行线程函数来运行线程  t->run(buf);

最后IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();把主线程也加入了线程池。！！！

void ProcessState::startThreadPool()
{
    AutoMutex _l(mLock);
    if (!mThreadPoolStarted) {
        mThreadPoolStarted = true;
        spawnPooledThread(true);
    }
}

 

void ProcessState::spawnPooledThread(bool isMain)

{

    if (mThreadPoolStarted) {

        int32_t s = android_atomic_add(1, &mThreadPoolSeq);

        char buf[16];

        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Binder_%X", s);

        ALOGV("Spawning new pooled thread, name=%s ", buf);

        sp<Thread> t = new PoolThread(isMain);

        t->run(buf);

    }

}

上面提到的宏定义及其实现：

#define DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(INTERFACE)                               
    static const android::String16 descriptor;                          
    static android::sp<I##INTERFACE> asInterface(                       
            const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj);                  
    virtual const android::String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() const;    
    I##INTERFACE();                                                     
    virtual ~I##INTERFACE();                                            
 
 
#define IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(INTERFACE, NAME)                       
    const android::String16 I##INTERFACE::descriptor(NAME);             
    const android::String16&                                            
            I##INTERFACE::getInterfaceDescriptor() const {              
        return I##INTERFACE::descriptor;                                
    }                                                                   
    android::sp<I##INTERFACE> I##INTERFACE::asInterface(                
            const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj)                   
    {                                                                   
        android::sp<I##INTERFACE> intr;                                 
        if (obj != NULL) {                                              
            intr = static_cast<I##INTERFACE*>(                          
                obj->queryLocalInterface(                               
                        I##INTERFACE::descriptor).get());               
            if (intr == NULL) {                                         
                intr = new Bp##INTERFACE(obj);                          
            }                                                           
        }                                                               
        return intr;                                                    
    }                                                                   
    I##INTERFACE::I##INTERFACE() { }                                    
    I##INTERFACE::~I##INTERFACE() { }                                   
 
 
#define CHECK_INTERFACE(interface, data, reply)                         
    if (!data.checkInterface(this)) { return PERMISSION_DENIED; }