Kind是什么?
k8s集群的组成比较复杂,如果纯手工部署的话易出错且时间成本高。而本文介绍的Kind工具,能够快速的建立起可用的k8s集群,降低初学者的学习门槛。
Kind是Kubernetes In Docker的缩写,顾名思义,看起来是把k8s放到docker的意思。没错,kind创建k8s集群的基本原理就是:提前准备好k8s节点的镜像,通过docker启动容器,来模拟k8s的节点,从而组成完整的k8s集群。需要注意,kind创建的集群仅可用于开发、学习、测试等,不能用于生产环境。
kind有什么特点?
- 创建、启动k8s集群非常快速,资源消耗较低。
- 支持创建多节点的k8s集群,包括高可用模式。
- kind 支持 Linux, macOS and Windows
- 它是CNCF认证的k8s集群安装方式之一
如何安装kind?
kind表现上就是一个二进制程序,下载对应版本并增加执行权限即可:
curl -Lo ./kind https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/dl/v0.11.1/kind-linux-amd64
chmod +x ./kind
mv ./kind /usr/bin/kind
kind version
如何通过kind新建k8s集群?
kubectl是与k8s交互的客户端命令工具,因此需要先安装此工具。
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
kubectl version --client
然后通过一行命令就能够快速的创建k8s集群:
root@e5pc-vm-01:~# kind create cluster --name myk8s-01
Creating cluster "myk8s-01" ...
✓ Ensuring node image (kindest/node:v1.21.1)
✓ Preparing nodes
✓ Writing configuration
✓ Starting control-plane ️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️
✓ Installing CNI
✓ Installing StorageClass
Set kubectl context to "kind-myk8s-01"
You can now use your cluster with:
kubectl cluster-info --context kind-myk8s-01
Have a nice day!
至此已得到一个可用的k8s集群了:
root@e5pc-vm-01:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
myk8s-01-control-plane Ready control-plane,master 66s v1.21.1
kind创建k8s集群的内幕
先查看多出来的docker镜像和容器:
root@e5pc-vm-01:~# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest 2b4cba85892a 2 days ago 72.8MB
kindest/node <none> 32b8b755dee8 9 months ago 1.12GB
root@e5pc-vm-01:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b4bde05b0190 kindest/node:v1.21.1 "/usr/local/bin/entr…" 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes 127.0.0.1:42267->6443/tcp myk8s-01-control-plane
创建过程大概是:先获取镜像kindest/node:v1.21.1,然后启动容器myk8s-01-control-plane,启动的容器就是这个k8s集群的master节点,显然此集群只有master节点。
同时,kind create cluster命令还是将此新建的k8s集群的连接信息写入当前用户(root)的kubectl配置文件中,从而让kubectl能够与集群交互。配置文件内容如下:
root@e5pc-vm-01:~# cat .kube/config
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority-data: xxxx
server: https://127.0.0.1:42267
name: kind-myk8s-01
contexts:
- context:
cluster: kind-myk8s-01
user: kind-myk8s-01
name: kind-myk8s-01
current-context: kind-myk8s-01
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kind-myk8s-01
user:
client-certificate-data: xxxx
client-key-data: xxxx
kind创建k8s集群的架构图为:
kind程序的完整用法
- kind create cluster
- --image 指定node镜像名称,默认是kindest/node
- --name 指定创建集群的名称
- --config kind-example-config.yaml
- --kubeconfig string 指定生成的kubeconfig的文件路径。默认在$KUBECONFIG or $HOME/.kube/config
- 常用:kind create cluster --config=xxxcfg --name=xxxname
- kind delete cluster xxxx
- kind get clusters:查看kind创建所有的k8s集群
- kind get kubeconfig --name 集群name【必须填写--name参数,默认name是kind】
- kind completion
- kind export kubeconfig --name=xxx --kubeconfig=kubeconfigpath
- 导出kind中的k8s集群的kubeconfig连接配置文件
kind的高级用法
1、通过配置文件创建k8s集群
前面展示的集群创建操作是最简单的单master集群,kind当然可以创建更完整的集群。这就需要用到配置文件模式来创建集群:
root@e5pc-vm-01:~# cat kindcfg-tccc.biz.yml
kind: Cluster
apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
nodes:
- role: control-plane
- role: worker
- role: worker
- role: worker
root@e5pc-vm-01:~# kind create cluster --name myk8s-02 --config ./kindcfg-tccc.biz.yml
2、设置新建的k8s集群从私有http仓库加载镜像
配置文件如下:
kind: Cluster
apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
containerdConfigPatches:
- |-
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."harbor.xxxx.top:60666"]
endpoint = ["http://harbor.xxxx.top:60666"]
nodes:
- role: control-plane
- role: worker
3、完整的配置文件示例
地址:https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/main/site/content/docs/user/kind-example-config.yaml
# this config file contains all config fields with comments
# NOTE: this is not a particularly useful config file
kind: Cluster
apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
# patch the generated kubeadm config with some extra settings
kubeadmConfigPatches:
- |
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
evictionHard:
nodefs.available: "0%"
# patch it further using a JSON 6902 patch
kubeadmConfigPatchesJSON6902:
- group: kubeadm.k8s.io
version: v1beta2
kind: ClusterConfiguration
patch: |
- op: add
path: /apiServer/certSANs/-
value: my-hostname
# 1 control plane node and 3 workers
nodes:
# the control plane node config
- role: control-plane
# the three workers
- role: worker
- role: worker
- role: worker
总结
kind是学习和测试k8s集群时非常有帮助的工具。它启动快速,资源消耗很低,并且它也是CNCF认证兼容的安装工具之一,大家可放心使用。