JAVA中AES对称加密和解密以及与Python兼容

引言：本文主要解决Java中用AES加密及解密，同时可通过Python脚本对Java加密后的字符进行解密的操作。

由于近期工作中用到需要使用Java对一串密钥进行加密，并且后台通过Python语言读取加密后的密钥并解密，搜索了很多文章，索性最后实现了，自己整理一下。

Java语言实现AES加密及解密

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;

import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

/**
 * <p>Title: TestAES3</p>
 * <p>Description: </p>
 * <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2012 All rights reserved.</p>
 * <p>Company: Neusoft Corporation, China, Ltd.</p>
 * @author chendch
 *
 */
public class TestAES3
{
  private String ALGO      = "AES";
  private String ALGO_MODE = "AES/CBC/NoPadding";
  private String akey      = "keyskeyskeyskeys";
  private String aiv       = "keyskeyskeyskeys";
  private String padding   = " ";
  private int    blockSize = 16;

  /**
   * @param content
   * @return password
   * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
   * @throws NoSuchPaddingException
   * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException 
   * @throws InvalidAlgorithmParameterException 
   * @throws InvalidKeyException 
   * @throws BadPaddingException 
   * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException 
   */
  public String encrypt(String content)
    throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, UnsupportedEncodingException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, IllegalBlockSizeException,
    BadPaddingException
  {
    String encryptContent = content;
    if (encryptContent.length() < blockSize)
    {
      encryptContent = StringUtils.rightPad(content, blockSize, padding);
      System.out.println("补位后：" + encryptContent);
    }

    Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGO_MODE);
    SecretKeySpec keyspec = new SecretKeySpec(akey.getBytes("utf-8"), ALGO);
    IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(aiv.getBytes("utf-8"));
    cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keyspec, ivspec);
    byte[] byteEncode = encryptContent.getBytes("utf-8");
    byte[] byteAES = cipher.doFinal(byteEncode);

    String AESEncode = new String(new BASE64Encoder().encode(byteAES));

    return AESEncode;
  }

  /**
   * @param content
   * @return content
   * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
   * @throws NoSuchPaddingException
   * @throws InvalidKeyException
   * @throws InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
   * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
   * @throws BadPaddingException
   * @throws IOException
   */
  public String decrypt(String content)
    throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, IllegalBlockSizeException,
    BadPaddingException, IOException
  {
    byte[] byte_content = new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(content);

    Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGO_MODE);
    SecretKeySpec keyspec = new SecretKeySpec(akey.getBytes("utf-8"), ALGO);
    IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(aiv.getBytes("utf-8"));

    cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keyspec, ivspec);

    byte[] byte_decode = cipher.doFinal(byte_content);
    String AES_decode = new String(byte_decode, "utf-8");
    return AES_decode.trim();
  }

  /**
   * @param args
   * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
   * @throws NoSuchPaddingException
   * @throws BadPaddingException 
   * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException 
   * @throws InvalidAlgorithmParameterException 
   * @throws InvalidKeyException 
   * @throws IOException 
   */
  public static void main(String[] args)
    throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, IllegalBlockSizeException,
    BadPaddingException, IOException
  {
    TestAES3 testAES3 = new TestAES3();
    String content = "chenduoc";
    System.out.println("加密前：" + content);

    String encryptContent = testAES3.encrypt(content);
    System.out.println("加密后：" + encryptContent);

    String decryptContent = testAES3.decrypt(encryptContent);
    System.out.println("解密后：" + decryptContent);
  }
}

Python实现AES加密及解密

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf-8

from Crypto.Cipher import AES
import base64

BLOCK_SIZE = 16
PADDING = " "
key = "keyskeyskeyskeys"
iv = "keyskeyskeyskeys"

pad_it = lambda s : s+(BLOCK_SIZE - len(s)) * PADDING

def encrypt(content):
    generator = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)  
    encrypt_content = generator.encrypt(pad_it(content))
    encode_content = base64.b64encode(encrypt_content)
    
    return encode_content

def decrypt(content):  
    generator = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)  
    decode_content = base64.b64decode(content)
    decrypt_content = generator.decrypt(decode_content)

    return decrypt_content.rstrip(PADDING)

content = "neteye"
print "加密前:",content

encrypt_contnet = encrypt(content)
print "加密后:",encrypt_contnet

decrypt_content = decrypt(encrypt_contnet)
print "解密后:",decrypt_content

注意点：Java中定义的key和iv变量和python中定义的必须一致，且加密的字符串需满足16位或24位等，不满足时需要进行补位，以上程序都已实现且可用。