原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/linxiyue/p/4075048.html
Model实例,myapp/models.py:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
|
from django.db import models class Blog(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length = 100 ) tagline = models.TextField() # On Python 3: def __str__(self): def __unicode__( self ): return self .name class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length = 50 ) email = models.EmailField() # On Python 3: def __str__(self): def __unicode__( self ): return self .name class Entry(models.Model): blog = models.ForeignKey(Blog) headline = models.CharField(max_length = 255 ) body_text = models.TextField() pub_date = models.DateField() mod_date = models.DateField() authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author) n_comments = models.IntegerField() n_pingbacks = models.IntegerField() rating = models.IntegerField() # On Python 3: def __str__(self): def __unicode__( self ): return self .headline |
类级别权限
默认情况下,superuser可以访问admin界面的所有Model,但有时候只想让一些用户只能访问一些特定的Model。
可以定制自己的User对象的has_perm()方法:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
|
class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser): ... def has_perm( self , perm, obj = None ): if self .is_superuser: return True elif self .can_edit: if perm = = 'myapp.add_entry' : return True else : return False else : return False |
这样superuser具有全部权限。普通user的can_edit属性为True时,就具有了创建Entry实例的权限,其余用户无权限。
也可以定制ModelAdmin的has_add_permission(),has_change_permission(),has_delete_permission()方法:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
def has_add_permission( self , request): """ Returns True if the given request has permission to add an object. Can be overridden by the user in subclasses. """ opts = self .opts codename = get_permission_codename( 'add' , opts) if request.user.can_edit: return True else : return request.user.has_perm( "%s.%s" % (opts.app_label, codename)) |
字段级别的权限
不同权限的可以编辑不同的内容,可以通过get_readonly_fileds()来添加字段只读权限。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
class EntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = (...) search_fields = (...) def get_readonly_fields( self ,request,obj = None ): if not request.user.is_superuser and not request.user.can_edit: return [f.name for f in self .model._meta.fields] return self .readonly_fields |
重写Model的save行为
可以直接重写model的save()方法:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
from django.db import models class Blog(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length = 100 ) tagline = models.TextField() def save( self , * args, * * kwargs): do_something() super (Blog, self ).save( * args, * * kwargs) # Call the "real" save() method. do_something_else() |
阻止save():
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
from django.db import models class Blog(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length = 100 ) tagline = models.TextField() def save( self , * args, * * kwargs): if self .name = = "Yoko Ono's blog" : return # Yoko shall never have her own blog! else : super (Blog, self ).save( * args, * * kwargs) # Call the "real" save() method. |
也可以重写ModelAdmin的save_model()方法,根据不同的用户定制不同的save行为:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
from django.contrib import admin class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def save_model( self , request, obj, form, change): obj.user = request.user obj.save() |
其中obj是修改后的对象,当新建一个对象时 change = False, 当修改一个对象时 change = True,可以获得修改前的对象:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
from django.contrib import admin class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def save_model( self , request, obj, form, change): if change: obj_old = self .model.objects.get(pk = obj.pk) else : obj_old = None obj.user = request.user obj.save() |
不同的用户显示不同的数据行,重写列表页面返回的查询集
ModelAdmin提供了一个钩子程序 —— 它有一个名为queryset()
的方法,该方法可以确定任何列表页面返回的默认查询集。
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def get_queryset( self , request): qs = super (MyModelAdmin, self ).get_queryset(request) if request.user.is_superuser: return qs return qs. filter (author = request.user) |
定制过滤器list_filter
从django.contrib.admin.SimpleListFilter继承一个子类,提供title和parameter_name属性,并重写 lookups和queryset方法。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
|
from datetime import date from django.contrib import admin from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _ class DecadeBornListFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter): # Human-readable title which will be displayed in the # right admin sidebar just above the filter options. title = _( 'decade born' ) # Parameter for the filter that will be used in the URL query. parameter_name = 'decade' def lookups( self , request, model_admin): """ Returns a list of tuples. The first element in each tuple is the coded value for the option that will appear in the URL query. The second element is the human-readable name for the option that will appear in the right sidebar. """ return ( ( '80s' , _( 'in the eighties' )), ( '90s' , _( 'in the nineties' )), ) def queryset( self , request, queryset): """ Returns the filtered queryset based on the value provided in the query string and retrievable via `self.value()`. """ # Compare the requested value (either '80s' or '90s') # to decide how to filter the queryset. if self .value() = = '80s' : return queryset. filter (birthday__gte = date( 1980 , 1 , 1 ), birthday__lte = date( 1989 , 12 , 31 )) if self .value() = = '90s' : return queryset. filter (birthday__gte = date( 1990 , 1 , 1 ), birthday__lte = date( 1999 , 12 , 31 )) class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_filter = (DecadeBornListFilter,) |
parameter_name和title是必须的。look_up方法返回出现在列表页右侧过滤器中的选项和描述。parameter_name为附加在url后面get请求的参数名,self.value()返回该参数对应的值。
根据不同的用户定制:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
class AuthDecadeBornListFilter(DecadeBornListFilter): def lookups( self , request, model_admin): if request.user.is_superuser: return super (AuthDecadeBornListFilter, self ).lookups(request, model_admin) def queryset( self , request, queryset): if request.user.is_superuser: return super (AuthDecadeBornListFilter, self ).queryset(request, queryset) |
model_admin为ModelAdmin实例:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
class AdvancedDecadeBornListFilter(DecadeBornListFilter): def lookups( self , request, model_admin): """ Only show the lookups if there actually is anyone born in the corresponding decades. """ qs = model_admin.get_queryset(request) if qs. filter (birthday__gte = date( 1980 , 1 , 1 ), birthday__lte = date( 1989 , 12 , 31 )).exists(): yield ( '80s' , _( 'in the eighties' )) if qs. filter (birthday__gte = date( 1990 , 1 , 1 ), birthday__lte = date( 1999 , 12 , 31 )).exists(): yield ( '90s' , _( 'in the nineties' )) |
定制搜索功能
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ( 'name' , 'age' ) search_fields = ( 'name' ,) def get_search_results( self , request, queryset, search_term): queryset, use_distinct = super (PersonAdmin, self ).get_search_results(request, queryset, search_term) try : search_term_as_int = int (search_term) except ValueError: pass else : queryset | = self .model.objects. filter (age = search_term_as_int) return queryset, use_distinct |
queryset是查询集,search_term是搜索词。
外键字段过滤
在添加对象时显示外键选项时,太多的选项不太友好,这时候需要过滤出符合要求的对象供选择。
1
2
3
4
5
|
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def formfield_for_foreignkey( self , db_field, request, * * kwargs): if db_field.name = = "car" : kwargs[ "queryset" ] = Car.objects. filter (owner = request.user) return super (MyModelAdmin, self ).formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, * * kwargs) |