花了一下午,终于将struts2.18+hibernate3.5.6+spring2.5.5进行整合,完成功能:在Oracle数据库的TCourse表中插入一条数据。
Ⅰ,整合流程:web启动————》spring与struts2启动————》hibernate启动
一,web.xml文件中配置spring与struts2;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <display-name></display-name> <!--spring容器加载 -->
<listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!--struts2加载 -->
<filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
说明:
1,spring容器加载:
spring容器是以监听器的形式整合到web服务器中,伴随服务器的启动,容器也启动并创建相应的bean,其中:单例的bean会被创建(如:CourseDaoImpl,CourseServiceImpl等),多例的不会创建(如:struts2的action——CourseAction).
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
这段代码表示加载spring的配置文件。
2,struts2加载:
struts2的加载是通过过滤器实现的,过滤器原理,没啥好说的。
二,struts2与spring的集合:
1,引入一个struts2提供的包:struts2-spring-plugin-2.1.8.1.jar。
2,原理: 如果包解压开会看见一个 “struts-plugin.xml”的文件,如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory" name="spring" class="org.apache.struts2.spring.StrutsSpringObjectFactory" /> <!-- Make the Spring object factory the automatic default --> <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" /> <constant name="struts.class.reloading.watchList" value="" /> <constant name="struts.class.reloading.acceptClasses" value="" /> <constant name="struts.class.reloading.reloadConfig" value="false" /> <package name="spring-default"> <interceptors> <interceptor name="autowiring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor"/> <interceptor name="sessionAutowiring" class="org.apache.struts2.spring.interceptor.SessionContextAutowiringInterceptor"/> </interceptors> </package> </struts>
说明:只需解释两行关键代码:
<!-- 创建一个对象工厂,名字为spring(其class类型可能是spring的工厂的实现,或者将spring注入其中)-->
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory" name="spring" class="org.apache.struts2.spring.StrutsSpringObjectFactory" />
<!-- 当需要对象的时候,从上面名为spring的工厂中去找-->
<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />
三,spring与hibernate的整合:通过spring配置文件---->得到hibernate的SessionFactory---->得到HibernateTemplate
1,spring配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> <!--dataSource --> <bean id="dataSource" destroy-method="close" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="***}" /> <property name="url" value="***" /> <property name="username" value="***" /> <property name="password" value="***" /> </bean> <!--sessionFactory(猜想:spring在初始化时候将hibernate的session工厂注入,因为spring的类并非继承hibernate的) --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <!--关键代码:加载hibernate配置文件-->
<property name="configLocations"><value>classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml</value></property> </bean> <!--hibernateTemplate --> <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> <!-- ======hibernate配置完毕,得到sessionFactory====分割线======= --> <bean id="courseDao" class="org.ssh.dao.impl.CourseDaoImpl"> <property name="hibernateTemplate" ref="hibernateTemplate"></property> </bean> <bean id="courseService" class="org.ssh.service.impl.CourseServiceImpl"> <property name="courseDao" ref="courseDao"></property> </bean> <bean id="courseAction" class="org.ssh.action.CourseAction" scope="prototype"> <property name="courseService" ref="courseService"></property> </bean> </beans>
说明:
1,1 dataSoure对象----》取得数据库连接;
dataSoure对象的类型BasicDataSource是Java.sql.DataSource接口的实现,实现此接口就可以得到一个数据库连接。
1,2 sessionFactory对象----》取得hibernate的sessionFactory;
类型为:org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean 表示支持annotation,如果没有annotation可以用:
org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean
即:<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
1,3 <property name="configLocations"><value>classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml</value></property>---->加载hibernate的配置文件
四,项目文件结构
Ⅱ,常见问题
1,java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/persistence/EntityListeners
解决方法:类库中加入ejb3-persistence.jar。
出处:http://javapub.iteye.com/blog/869380
2,Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/persistence/Cacheable
少了包
解决方案:加入hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar
出处http://javapub.iteye.com/blog/869380
3,class org.hibernate.cfg.ExtendedMappings has interface org.hibernate.cfg.Mappings as super class
hibernate3.5中的hibernate3.0包,已经包涵了hibernate-annotations,hibernate-commons-annotations.jar,commons-collections 这三个包,
解决方法:要去掉commons-collections 一个包或者hibernate-annotations,hibernate-commons-annotations.jar两个包。
附件:所需包