oracle 第23章 RMAN 备份恢复

2015-10-24

#查看快闪恢复区的参数信息
SQL> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest;
#修改快闪恢复区参数
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=4G;
#查看快闪恢复区位置、空间使用信息
SQL> col name for a30
SQL> set line 100
SQL> select name,space_limit,space_used,number_of_files from v$recovery_file_dest;
#设置快闪恢复区位置
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/backup/newflasharea';
#查看快闪恢复区使用情况
SQL> select file_type,percent_space_used,percent_space_reclaimable,number_of_files from v$flash_recovery_area_usage;

#使用数据库用户名和密码登录RMAN
RMAN> connect target system/oracle;
#创建用户rman，并赋予权限
SQL> create user rman identified by oracle;
SQL> grant resource,connect,dba to rman;
#使用rman用户连接rman
[oracle@mdb ~]$ rman target rman/oracle
#使用系统认证连接rman
[oracle@mdb ~]$ rman target /

#查看RMAN配置参数
RMAN> show all;
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # 保留备份副本的数量1
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # 备份设备类型为磁带
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # 控制文件自动备份关闭
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # 通道数量1，备份类型为备份集
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default
#配置备份设备类型为磁带
RMAN> configure default device type to sbt;
#配置备份设备类型为磁盘
RMAN> configure default device type to disk;
#配置备份类型为映像复制（慎用，太占空间！！！）
RMAN> configure device type disk backup type to copy;
#配置控制文件自动备份
RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;
#配置控制文件备份的磁盘类型和备份目录
RMAN> configure controlfile auotobackup format for device type disk to '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%F';


RMAN> backup as copy database;
RMAN> backup as copy tablespace users;
RMAN> backup as copy datafile 3;
RMAN> backup current controlfile format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/ctl_%u.bak';
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/full_%u.bak';
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset tablespace users format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/tbs_users_%u.bak';
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset datafile 1 format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/dtf_1_%u.bak';
RMAN> backup archivelog all format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/arch_%u.bak' delete input;

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#全量备份
RMAN> backup database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/full_%u.bak';
#0级增量备份
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/lv0_%u.bak';
#增加数据
RMAN> sql 'create table rman_test tablespace users as select * from dba_objects';
RMAN> sql 'insert into rman_test select * from rman_test';
#1级差分增量备份
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/lv1_diff1_%u.bak';
#1级累积增量备份
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/lv1_cumu1_%u.bak';

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删除备份集
[root@mdb ORCL]# rm -rf *;
RMAN> list backupset;
RMAN> crosscheck backupset;
RMAN> delete noprompt expired backupset;
RMAN> delete noprompt obsolete;
RMAN> list backupset;

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1.全量备份与恢复
#开启归档模式
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> archive log list;
#全量备份
SQL> startup;
RMAN> backup database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/full_%u.bak';
#模拟故障
cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ && mv orcl orcl.full && mkdir orcl
#全量恢复
SQL> shutdown abort;
SQL> startup nomount;
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/backup/full_2fqmno6s.bak';
RMAN> sql 'alter database mount';
RMAN> restore database;
RMAN> recover database noredo;
RMAN> sql 'alter database open resetlogs';

2.增量备份与恢复
#0级增量备份
SQL> startup;
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/lv0_%u.bak';
#模拟故障
cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ && mv orcl orcl.inc0 && mkdir orcl
#0级增量恢复
SQL> shutdown abort;
SQL> startup nomount;
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/backup/lv0_04qmvr0i.bak';
RMAN> sql 'alter database mount';
RMAN> restore database;
RMAN> recover database noredo;
RMAN> sql 'alter database open resetlogs';

RMAN> sql 'create table rman_test tablespace users as select * from dba_objects';
RMAN> sql 'insert into rman_test select * from rman_test';
RMAN> sql 'insert into rman_test select * from rman_test';
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/lv1_%u.bak';


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恢复目录(不重要)
场景:PROD数据库（TARGET），TEST数据库（CATALOG）
TEST数据库:
create tablespace cata datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/cata.dbf' size 100m;
create user cata identified by cata default tablespace cata;
grant connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner,unlimited tablespace to cata;
rman catalog cata/cata@test
create catalog tablespace cata;
rman target sys/oracle@prod catalog cata/cata@test
     需要备份的数据库        备份信息写入的数据库
register database;
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RMAN命令
list、backup、crosscheck、delete、restore、recover
validate backupset、restore...validate、restore...preview、report

参考资料

[1] 林树泽.Oracle 11g R2 DBA操作指南[M].北京：清华大学出版社，2013

[2] Oracle备份与恢复介绍（物理备份与逻辑备份）

[3] Oracle备份与恢复案例

[4] ORACLE 备份与恢复

[5] Oracle数据库的备份方法

[6] oracle之rman入门指南

[7] ORACLE RMAN备份及还原

[8] rman备份恢复实例（经典）

[9] RMAN 备份详解

[10] RMAN 还原与恢复

[11] RMAN恢复

[12] RMAN简明使用手册（转载）

[13] RMAN简明参考使用手册

[14] Oracle学习系列之Rman学习(三) 

[15] rman 全备与恢复

[16] RMAN - command & env option

[17] RMAN的list和report命令详解