• HTML5 indexedDB数据库的入门学习(一)


    笔者早些时间看过web sql database,但是不再维护和支持,所以最近初步学习了一下indexedDB数据库,首先indexedDB(简称IDB)和web sql database有很大的差别,因为IDB不像web sql database那样用数据库语句去操作浏览器本地数据库(有过数据库基础看起来会比较容易),及关系数据库,IDB更像是NoSQL数据库,不能使用sql语句去查询,所以理解上会比web sql database要难一点:下面我主要介绍indexedDB数据库的基本操作:增删改差

    首先:获取indexedDB数据库对象

    1 if (!window.indexedDB) {
    2     window.indexedDB = window.mozIndexedDB || window.webkitIndexedDB;
    3 }

    然后打开数据库(如果数据库不存在当然就是创建数据库)

    1 var request = indexedDB.open("data2",1);
    2 var db;

    第一个参数是数据库的名称,第二个参数是数据库的版本号。版本号可以在升级数据库时用来调整数据库结构和数据。

     1 request.onupgradeneeded = function(event) {
     2     db = event.target.result;
     3     var store = db.createObjectStore("table",{keyPath: "ssn"});
     4     console.log("createObjectStore success!");
     5 };
     6 request.onsuccess = function (event) {
     7     db = event.target.result; //db = request.result;或者db = this.result;     
    12 }

    但你增加数据库版本号时,会触发onupgradeneeded事件,这时可能会出现成功、失败和阻止事件三种情况

    onupgradeneeded事件在第一次打开页面初始化数据库时会被调用,或在当有版本号变化时。所以,你应该在onupgradeneeded函数里创建你的存储数据。如果没有版本号变化,而且页面之前被打开过,你会获得一个onsuccess事件。如果有错误发生时则触发onerror事件。如果你之前没有关闭连接,则会触发onblocked事件。

    做完上面的操作后你就可以进行增删改查的操作了:

    1、添加数据:

     1 document.getElementById("add").onclick = function (){
     2     var obj = {
     3         "ssn" : document.getElementById("ssn").value,
     4         "name" : document.getElementById("name").value,
     5         "email" : document.getElementById("email").value
     6     };
     7     //存数据 db为数据库对象,transaction为事物,objectStore为存储对象(相当于数据表),add为数据表对象的add方法,最后是add成功的回调函数
     8     db.transaction(["table"], "readwrite").objectStore("table").add(obj).onsuccess = function(event) {
     9         console.log("add data success!");
    10     };    
    11 }

    2、删除数据:

    1 document.getElementById("del").onclick = function() {
    2     //删除数据
    3     db.transaction(["table"], "readwrite")
    4     .objectStore("table")
    5     .delete(document.getElementById("del_ssn").value)
    6     .onsuccess = function(event) {
    7            console.log(document.getElementById("del_ssn").value+" delete sucecess");
    8     };
    9 }

    3、读取数据:

     1 document.getElementById("get").onclick = function() {
     2     //读数据 openCursor相当于是循环读取
     3     db.transaction("table").objectStore("table").openCursor().onsuccess = function(event) {
     4         var getString = "";
     5         var cursor = event.target.result;
     6         if (cursor) {
     7             getString += "Name for SSN " + cursor.key + " is " + cursor.value.name;
     8             console.log("Name for SSN " + cursor.key + " is " + cursor.value.name);
     9             cursor.continue();
    10             //alert(getString);
    11         }
    12         document.getElementById("get_ssn").innerHTML += getString+"<br/>";
    13     }        
    14 }

    4、修改数据:

     1 document.getElementById("put").onclick = function () {
     2     var obj = {
     3         "ssn" : document.getElementById("putssn").value,
     4         "name" : document.getElementById("putname").value,
     5         "email" : document.getElementById("putemail").value
     6     };
     7     //修改数据
     8     db.transaction(["table"], "readwrite").objectStore("table").put(obj).onsuccess = function(event) {
     9         console.log("put data success!");
    10     };        
    11 }

    以下是面页的html部分:

     1 <input type="text" id="ssn" name="ssn" />
     2 <input type="text" id="name" name="name" />
     3 <input type="text" id="email" name="email" />
     4 <button id="add">增加</button>
     5 <button>重置</button><br/>
     6 
     7 <input type="text" id="putssn" name="putssn" />
     8 <input type="text" id="putname" name="putname" />
     9 <input type="text" id="putemail" name="putemail" />
    10 <button id="put">修改</button><br/>
    11 
    12 
    13 <input type="text" id="del_ssn" name="del_ssn" />
    14 <button id="del">删除</button><br/>
    15 <button id="get">读取</button>
    16 <div id="get_ssn"></div>

    初学indexedDB,有什么不对的地方望指出,后续会把比较深入的东西写出来和大家分享

    整个demo文件如下:

     1 <!DOCTYPE html>
     2 <html>
     3 <head>
     4     <title>indexedDB</title>
     5 </head>
     6 <script type="text/javascript">
     7 window.onload = function () {
     8     if (!window.indexedDB) {
     9         window.indexedDB = window.mozIndexedDB || window.webkitIndexedDB;
    10     }
    11     var request = indexedDB.open("data",1);
    12     var db;
    13     request.onupgradeneeded = function(event) {
    14         db = event.target.result;
    15         var store = db.createObjectStore("table",{keyPath: "ssn"});
    16         console.log("createObjectStore success!");
    17     };
    18     request.onsuccess = function (event) {
    19         db = event.target.result;
    20         //读取数据
    21         /*db.transaction(["table"], "readwrite").objectStore("table").get("1212").onsuccess = function () {
    22             console.log(this.result.name);
    23         };    */        
    24     }
    25     document.getElementById("add").onclick = function (){
    26         var obj = {
    27             "ssn" : document.getElementById("ssn").value,
    28             "name" : document.getElementById("name").value,
    29             "email" : document.getElementById("email").value
    30         };
    31         //存数据
    32         db.transaction(["table"], "readwrite").objectStore("table").add(obj).onsuccess = function(event) {
    33             console.log("add data success!");
    34         };        
    35     }
    36     document.getElementById("del").onclick = function() {
    37         //删除数据
    38         db.transaction(["table"], "readwrite")
    39         .objectStore("table")
    40         .delete(document.getElementById("del_ssn").value)
    41         .onsuccess = function(event) {
    42                console.log(document.getElementById("del_ssn").value+" delete sucecess");
    43         };
    44     }
    45     document.getElementById("get").onclick = function() {
    46         //读数据
    47         db.transaction("table").objectStore("table").openCursor().onsuccess = function(event) {
    48             var getString = "";
    49             var cursor = event.target.result;
    50             if (cursor) {
    51                 getString += "Name for SSN " + cursor.key + " is " + cursor.value.name;
    52                 console.log("Name for SSN " + cursor.key + " is " + cursor.value.name);
    53                 cursor.continue();
    54                 //alert(getString);
    55             }
    56             document.getElementById("get_ssn").innerHTML += getString+"<br/>";
    57         }        
    58     }
    59 
    60     document.getElementById("put").onclick = function () {
    61         var obj = {
    62             "ssn" : document.getElementById("putssn").value,
    63             "name" : document.getElementById("putname").value,
    64             "email" : document.getElementById("putemail").value
    65         };
    66         //修改数据
    67         db.transaction(["table"], "readwrite").objectStore("table").put(obj).onsuccess = function(event) {
    68             console.log("put data success!");
    69         };        
    70     }
    71 }
    72 </script>
    73 <body>
    74 <input type="text" id="ssn" name="ssn" />
    75 <input type="text" id="name" name="name" />
    76 <input type="text" id="email" name="email" />
    77 <button id="add">增加</button>
    78 <button>重置</button><br/>
    79 
    80 <input type="text" id="putssn" name="putssn" />
    81 <input type="text" id="putname" name="putname" />
    82 <input type="text" id="putemail" name="putemail" />
    83 <button id="put">修改</button><br/>
    84 
    85 
    86 <input type="text" id="del_ssn" name="del_ssn" />
    87 <button id="del">删除</button><br/>
    88 <button id="get">读取</button>
    89 <div id="get_ssn"></div>
    90 </body>
    91 </html>
    indexedDB_demo

    效果如下:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cdwp8/p/4219936.html
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