• dubbo学习笔记(一)超时与重试


    dubbo提供在provider和consumer端,都提供了超时(timeout)和重试(retries)的参数配置。


    配置方式

    provider端在<dubbo:service>中配置,consumer端在<dubbo:reference>中配置。

    默认值

    timeout默认值为1000,单位毫秒,表示超时时间是1秒;

    retries默认值为2,表示重试2次,加上本身调用1次,一共有3次调用;

    org.apache.dubbo.common.Constants类可以找到:

    public static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 1000;
    public static final int DEFAULT_RETRIES = 2;
    

    优先级

    consumer端配置优先于provider端配置


    通过一个例子来对这2个参数进行详细学习和解读。
    建立如下工程结构:

    其中:
    demo-consumer为consumer端应用(SpringBoot工程)
    demo-provider为provider端父工程,它下面有2个子工程,
        demo-interface为dubbo服务接口定义
        demo-service为provider端应用(SpringBoot工程),实现了demo-interface接口,

    demo-interface里接口定义:

    public interface HelloService {
    
        String hello(String name);
    }
    

    定义了1个HelloService接口,里面一个hello方法,请求参数为1个String,返回String。

    在demo-service里对该接口的实现类:

    @Service("helloService")
    public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {
        @Override
        public String hello(String name) {
            System.out.println("hello begin=>" + name);
            System.out.println("hello end=>" + name);
            return "hello " + name;
        }
    }
    

    demo-service中的dubbo-demo-provider.xml定义:

    <dubbo:service ref="helloService" interface="com.cdfive.demo.service.HelloService"  />
    

    demo-consumer中的dubbo-demo-consumer.xml定义:

    <dubbo:reference id="helloService" interface="com.cdfive.demo.service.HelloService" />
    

    为了通过浏览器输入请求地址访问,在demo-consumer定义了一个Controller:

    @RequestMapping("test")
    @RestController
    public class TestController {
    
        @Autowired
        private HelloService helloService;
    
        @RequestMapping("hello")
        public String hello(String name) {
            return helloService.hello(name);
        }
    }
    

    这样我们就可以通过浏览器里访问http://localhost:8081/test/hello?name=xxx,来调用dubbo接口:HelloService#hello

    demo-consumer的启动类:

    @Slf4j
    @ImportResource("classpath:config/applicationContext.xml")
    @SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "com.cdfive")
    public class DemoConsumerApplication {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(DemoConsumerApplication.class, args);
            log.info("demo consumer started");
        }
    }
    

    demo-service的启动类:

    @Slf4j
    @ImportResource("classpath:config/applicationContext.xml")
    @SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "com.cdfive")
    public class DemoProviderApplication {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(DemoProviderApplication.class, args);
            log.info("demo provider started");
        }
    }
    

    OK,准备工作完毕。
    把provider端和consumer端应用都启起来,浏览器中访问:http://localhost:8081/test/hello?name=cdfive

    可以看到,浏览器中显示:
    hello cdfive

    在demo-service的控制台显示:
    hello begin=>cdfive
    hello end=>cdfive

    前面提到,timeout默认是1000,就是1秒超时。这里我们修改HelloServiceImpl的实现,通过Thread.sleep(2000)模拟业务方法超时,休眠2s:

    @Service("helloService")
    public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {
        @Override
        public String hello(String name) {
            System.out.println("hello begin=>" + name);
    
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
            System.out.println("hello end=>" + name);
            return "hello " + name;
        }
    }
    

    重启demo-service,F5刷新浏览器再次访问:http://localhost:8081/test/hello?name=cdfive

    case 1: 默认情况,provider和consumer端的timeout和retires均不设置,使用默认值

    观察输出结果
    浏览器:
    There was an unexpected error (type=Internal Server Error, status=500).
    Failed to invoke the method hello in the service com.cdfive.demo.service.HelloService. Tried 3 times of the providers....

    provider端:
    hello begin=>cdfive
    hello begin=>cdfive
    hello end=>cdfive
    hello begin=>cdfive
    hello end=>cdfive
    hello end=>cdfive

    consumer端:
    [ WARN ] [2019-01-01 14:52:03,007] [DubboClientHandler-192.168.1.100:20001-thread-2] com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.exchange.support.DefaultFuture [71] - [DUBBO] The timeout response finally returned at 2019-01-01 14:52:03.007, response Response [id=6, version=null, status=20, event=false, error=null, result=RpcResult [result=hello cdfive, exception=null]], channel: /192.168.1.100:61755 -> /192.168.1.100:20001, dubbo version: 2.6.0, current host: 192.168.1.100
    [ WARN ] [2019-01-01 14:52:04,008] [DubboClientHandler-192.168.1.100:20001-thread-2] com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.exchange.support.DefaultFuture [71] - [DUBBO] The timeout response finally returned at 2019-01-01 14:52:04.008, response Response [id=7, version=null, status=20, event=false, error=null, result=RpcResult [result=hello cdfive, exception=null]], channel: /192.168.1.100:61755 -> /192.168.1.100:20001, dubbo version: 2.6.0, current host: 192.168.1.100
    [ ERROR] [2019-01-01 14:52:04,011] [http-nio-8081-exec-6] org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/].[dispatcherServlet] [182] - Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcException: Failed to invoke the method hello in the service com.cdfive.demo.service.HelloService. Tried 3 times of the providers [192.168.1.100:20001] (1/1) from the registry localhost:2181 on the consumer 192.168.1.100 using the dubbo version 2.6.0. Last error is: Invoke remote method timeout. method: hello, provider: dubbo://192.168.1.100:20001/com.cdfive.demo.service.HelloService?anyhost=true&application=demo_consumer&check=false&default.check=false&dubbo=2.6.0&generic=false&interface=com.cdfive.demo.service.HelloService&methods=hello&pid=7032&register.ip=192.168.1.100&remote.timestamp=1546325119243&side=consumer&timestamp=1546324847011, cause: Waiting server-side response timeout. start time: 2019-01-01 14:52:03.006, end time: 2019-01-01 14:52:04.008, client elapsed: 1 ms, server elapsed: 1001 ms, timeout: 1000 ms, request: Request [id=8, version=2.0.0, twoway=true, event=false, broken=false, data=RpcInvocation [methodName=hello, parameterTypes=[class java.lang.String], arguments=[cdfive], attachments={path=com.cdfive.demo.service.HelloService, interface=com.cdfive.demo.service.HelloService, version=0.0.0}]], channel: /192.168.1.100:61755 -> /192.168.1.100:20001] with root cause
    com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.TimeoutException: Waiting server-side response timeout. start time: 2019-01-01 14:52:03.006, end time: 2019-01-01 14:52:04.008, client elapsed: 1 ms, server elapsed: 1001 ms, timeout: 1000 ms, request: Request [id=8, version=2.0.0, twoway=true, event=false, broken=false, data=RpcInvocation [methodName=hello, parameterTypes=[class java.lang.String], arguments=[cdfive], attachments={path=com.cdfive.demo.service.HelloService, interface=com.cdfive.demo.service.HelloService, version=0.0.0}]], channel: /192.168.1.100:61755 -> /192.168.1.100:20001
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.exchange.support.DefaultFuture.get(DefaultFuture.java:134)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.exchange.support.DefaultFuture.get(DefaultFuture.java:111)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.dubbo.DubboInvoker.doInvoke(DubboInvoker.java:95)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.AbstractInvoker.invoke(AbstractInvoker.java:142)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.listener.ListenerInvokerWrapper.invoke(ListenerInvokerWrapper.java:73)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.monitor.support.MonitorFilter.invoke(MonitorFilter.java:74)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolFilterWrapper$1.invoke(ProtocolFilterWrapper.java:68)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.dubbo.filter.FutureFilter.invoke(FutureFilter.java:53)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolFilterWrapper$1.invoke(ProtocolFilterWrapper.java:68)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.ConsumerContextFilter.invoke(ConsumerContextFilter.java:47)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolFilterWrapper$1.invoke(ProtocolFilterWrapper.java:68)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.InvokerWrapper.invoke(InvokerWrapper.java:52)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.FailoverClusterInvoker.doInvoke(FailoverClusterInvoker.java:77)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.AbstractClusterInvoker.invoke(AbstractClusterInvoker.java:232)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.wrapper.MockClusterInvoker.invoke(MockClusterInvoker.java:70)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.proxy.InvokerInvocationHandler.invoke(InvokerInvocationHandler.java:51)
    at com.alibaba.dubbo.common.bytecode.proxy0.hello(proxy0.java)
    at com.cdfive.demo.controller.TestController.hello(TestController.java:21)

    浏览器打印了异常信息,其中Tried 3 times of the providers表明尝试了3次调用;
    provider打印了3次请求调用情况,注意到begin和end不是按顺序的,也就是说上1个调用没执行完,因为1秒超时时间到了,又开始了新的一次重试,而前面的调用并未终止;
    consumer打印了3次WARN ...[DUBBO] The timeout response...,和一次ERROR,错误信息跟浏览器看到的一致,只是多了堆栈信息。

    总结:
    在不设置timeout和retries的时候,如果provider端接口一直出现超时,provider端会调用3次,而日志中没有任何警告或错误信息;
    consumer端虽然重试了2次,加本身调用的1次,一共发起3次调用,如果provider3次全部超时,consumer端会打印超时异常信息;
    provider端日志中没有任何警告或错误信息不利于发现问题;前面的调用并未终止,如果是非查询类接口且接口没有实现幂等性时,可能产生重复数据

    case 2: provider端retries=0,consumer端不设置

    重启并访问,浏览器中仍然是错误信息,但是Tried 1 times of the providers,表示只调用了1次 ;
    provider端仅打印了1次调用:
    hello begin=>cdfive
    hello end=>cdfive
    consumer端打印1次WARN、1次ERROR

    总结:
    在provider端设置retries=0已经生效,接口仅调用了1次;

    case 3: provider端retries=0,consumer端retries=1

    重启并访问,浏览器中仍然是错误信息,但是Tried 2 times of the providers,表明调用了2次 ;
    provider端打印了2次调用,consumer打印了2次WARN、1次ERROR

    总结:
    consumer的retries优先级较高,两端都设置的情况下,以consumer端的retries为准

    case 4: provider端timeout=3000, retries=0,consumer端retries=0

    接下来我们把重试都关闭(即都设置为0),来看看timeout的情况,这里设置为3秒,因为方法休眠2s;
    重启并访问:
    浏览器正常输出hello cdfive,provider输出请求参数,consumer没有输出;

    总结:
    provider端设置timeout已生效。

    case 5: provider端timeout=1000, retries=0,consumer端retries=0

    provider端的超时设置为小于接口执行时间;
    重启并访问:
    跟case 1很像,因为重试为0,所以只调用了1次,唯一不同的provider端日志里多了1次WARN
    [ WARN ] [2019-01-01 15:19:49,482] [DubboServerHandler-192.168.1.100:20001-thread-2] com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.TimeoutFilter [71] - [DUBBO] invoke time out. method: hello arguments: [cdfive]...

    这是dubbo自带的filter类TimeoutFilter输出的。

    总结:
    provider端设置了timeout,如果接口调用超时,provider会打印WRAN信息。

    case 6: provider端timeout=1000, retries=0,consumer端timeout=3000, retries=0

    这里provider端的1秒小于接口方法的2秒,而consumer设置的3秒大于2秒,
    重启并访问:
    浏览器成功输出hello cdfive,provider输出请求参数,并打印了1次WARN,consumer没有输出;

    总结:
    consumer的timeout优先级较高,两端都设置的情况下,以consumer端的timeout为准


    参考dubbo官网的文档,并结合工作中项目实践,对超时和重试这2个参数做个总结:

    1.超时(timeout)默认1000毫秒,重试(retries)默认2次(即一共调用3次);
    2.provider端在<dubbo:service>中配置,consumer端在<dubbo:reference>中配置,consumer端的配置会覆盖provider配置;
    3.超时(timeout)建议在provider端配置,因为作为提供方,它更清楚自己接口的耗时情况,并且provider端设置了timeout,在日志中有TimeoutFilter的WARN信息;
    4.在provider端一般接口timeout设置为5秒或者10秒,如果是复杂查询、导出报表、调用第三方接口、本身是最上游的接口等,根据情况考虑设置大一点;
    5.在consumer端配置设置timeout会覆盖provider设置,但有时设置timeout能够让consumer快速失败,而不因为下游provider服务接口的问题拖垮consumer本身;
    6.retries建议在provider端设置为0,consumer根据情况也可以设置为0,因为重试可能因非幂等性原因导致重复数据,并且超时情况即便重试成功consumer端可能也收不到成功响应;


    参考:
    http://dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docs/user/recommend.html
    http://dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docs/user/references/xml/dubbo-service.html
    http://dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docs/user/references/xml/dubbo-reference.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cdfive2018/p/10204720.html
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