chrome浏览器 headless模式下如何跳过selenium webdriver检测?

1.chrome浏览器 headless模式下如何跳过webdriver检测?

环境:
1.selenium-java

<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>3.4.0</version>
</dependency>

1.问题描述:
当使用webdriver驱动chrome headless时,若被识别出来为webdriver时,则爬虫无法继续采集数据,那么该如何跳过浏览器检测继续采集数据?

2.如何识别浏览器为webdriver?
a. 在Chrome控制台输入:window.navigator.webdriver,如何是webdriver则为true,否则为undefined
b. 在Java代码中,只要初始化webdriver的参数中带 enable-automation,headless,remote-debugging-pipe 中的任意一个参数,就会将AutomationControlledEnabled 设置为true,然后 navigator.h 就会设置webdriver为true

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
String[] a = { "enable-automation" };
options.setExperimentalOption("excludeSwitches", a);
options.addArguments("--headless");

c. 浏览器中的window.navigator.webdriver值来自于navigator.h中的webdriver()方法,当AutomationControlledEnabled为true则webdriver=true
参考chromium的源代码: https://github.com/chromium/chromium/blob/d7da0240cae77824d1eda25745c4022757499131/third_party/blink/renderer/core/frame/navigator.h


bool webdriver() const {
return RuntimeEnabledFeatures::AutomationControlledEnabled();
}

d. AutomationControlledEnabled什么时候设置成true?
参考chromium的源代码: https://github.com/chromium/chromium/blob/d7da0240cae77824d1eda25745c4022757499131/content/child/runtime_features.cc
只要启动参数带EnableAutomation,Headless,RemoteDebuggingPipe就会标志位AutomationControlled
{wrf::EnableAutomationControlled, switches::kEnableAutomation, true},
{wrf::EnableAutomationControlled, switches::kHeadless, true},
{wrf::EnableAutomationControlled, switches::kRemoteDebuggingPipe, true},

3.如何跳过浏览器webdriver检测?
a. 第一种方式:修改navigator.h 将webdriver改为false, 编译自己的chromium,这种可以从根本上解决问题.
b. 第二种方式:执行cdp命令,修改webdriver的值为undefined .但是selenium-java-3.4.0版本不支持executeCdpCommand方法.这个时候就需要定制自己的ChromiumDriver,添加executeCdpCommand方法

ChromiumDriver driver = new ChromiumDriver(chromeCaps);
HashMap<String, Object> cdpCmd = new HashMap<String, Object>();
cdpCmd.put("source", "Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {get: () => undefined }); ");
driver.executeCdpCommand("Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument", cdpCmd);

JS命令:Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {get: () => undefined});
参考: https://www.cnblogs.com/scholarscholar/p/14364822.html
https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Page/#method-addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument

c.第二种方式:升级selenium-java到beta版本,selenium-java-4.0.0-beta版本支持executeCdpCommand方法,但是升级selenium-java-4.0.0会有很多依赖错误需要处理.

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0-beta-4</version>
</dependency>

4.selenium-java-3.4.0版本不支持executeCdpCommand方法,定制自己的ChromiumDriver,添加executeCdpCommand方法

<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>3.4.0</version>
</dependency>

package com.xxx.selenium;

import java.util.Map;
import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.CommandExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;

public class ChromiumDriver extends RemoteWebDriver {

    public ChromiumDriver(Capabilities capabilities) {
        this(new ChromiumDriverCommandExecutor("goog", ChromeDriverService.createDefaultService()), capabilities, ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY);
    }

    protected ChromiumDriver(CommandExecutor commandExecutor, Capabilities capabilities, String capabilityKey) {
        super(commandExecutor, capabilities);

    }

    /**
     * Launches Chrome app specified by id.
     *
     * @param id Chrome app id.
     */
    public void launchApp(String id) {
        execute(ChromiumDriverCommand.LAUNCH_APP, ImmutableMap.of("id", id));
    }

    /**
     * Execute a Chrome Devtools Protocol command and get returned result. The
     * command and command args should follow
     * <a href="https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/">chrome devtools
     * protocol domains/commands</a>.
     */
    public Map<String, Object> executeCdpCommand(String commandName, Map<String, Object> parameters) {

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Map<String, Object> toReturn = (Map<String, Object>) getExecuteMethod().execute(ChromiumDriverCommand.EXECUTE_CDP_COMMAND,
                ImmutableMap.of("cmd", commandName, "params", parameters));

        return ImmutableMap.copyOf(toReturn);
    }

    @Override
    public void quit() {
        super.quit();
    }
}



package com.xxx.selenium;

/**
 * Constants for the ChromiumDriver specific command IDs.
 */
final class ChromiumDriverCommand {
  private ChromiumDriverCommand() {}

  static final String LAUNCH_APP = "launchApp";
  static final String GET_NETWORK_CONDITIONS = "getNetworkConditions";
  static final String SET_NETWORK_CONDITIONS = "setNetworkConditions";
  static final String DELETE_NETWORK_CONDITIONS = "deleteNetworkConditions";
  static final String EXECUTE_CDP_COMMAND = "executeCdpCommand";

  // Cast Media Router APIs
  static final String GET_CAST_SINKS = "getCastSinks";
  static final String SET_CAST_SINK_TO_USE = "selectCastSink";
  static final String START_CAST_TAB_MIRRORING = "startCastTabMirroring";
  static final String GET_CAST_ISSUE_MESSAGE = "getCastIssueMessage";  
  static final String STOP_CASTING = "stopCasting";

  static final String SET_PERMISSION = "setPermission";
}




package com.xxx.selenium;

import static java.util.Collections.unmodifiableMap;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.openqa.selenium.remote.CommandInfo;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.HttpMethod;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService;

/**
 * {@link DriverCommandExecutor} that understands ChromiumDriver specific commands.
 *
 * @see <a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/chrome/test/chromedriver/client/command_executor.py">List of ChromeWebdriver commands</a>
 */
public class ChromiumDriverCommandExecutor extends DriverCommandExecutor {

  private static Map<String, CommandInfo> buildChromiumCommandMappings(String vendorKeyword) {
    String sessionPrefix = "/session/:sessionId/";
    String chromiumPrefix = sessionPrefix + "chromium";
    String vendorPrefix = sessionPrefix + vendorKeyword;

    HashMap<String, CommandInfo> mappings = new HashMap<>();

    mappings.put(ChromiumDriverCommand.LAUNCH_APP,
      new CommandInfo(chromiumPrefix + "/launch_app", HttpMethod.POST));

    String networkConditions = chromiumPrefix + "/network_conditions";
    mappings.put(ChromiumDriverCommand.GET_NETWORK_CONDITIONS,
      new CommandInfo(networkConditions, HttpMethod.GET));
    mappings.put(ChromiumDriverCommand.SET_NETWORK_CONDITIONS,
      new CommandInfo(networkConditions, HttpMethod.POST));
    mappings.put(ChromiumDriverCommand.DELETE_NETWORK_CONDITIONS,
      new CommandInfo(networkConditions, HttpMethod.DELETE));

    mappings.put( ChromiumDriverCommand.EXECUTE_CDP_COMMAND,
      new CommandInfo(vendorPrefix + "/cdp/execute", HttpMethod.POST));

    // Cast / Media Router APIs
    String cast = vendorPrefix + "/cast";
    mappings.put(ChromiumDriverCommand.GET_CAST_SINKS,
      new CommandInfo(cast + "/get_sinks", HttpMethod.GET));
    mappings.put(ChromiumDriverCommand.SET_CAST_SINK_TO_USE,
      new CommandInfo(cast + "/set_sink_to_use", HttpMethod.POST));
    mappings.put(ChromiumDriverCommand.START_CAST_TAB_MIRRORING,
      new CommandInfo(cast + "/start_tab_mirroring", HttpMethod.POST));
    mappings.put(ChromiumDriverCommand.GET_CAST_ISSUE_MESSAGE,
      new CommandInfo(cast + "/get_issue_message", HttpMethod.GET));
    mappings.put(ChromiumDriverCommand.STOP_CASTING,
      new CommandInfo(cast + "/stop_casting", HttpMethod.POST));

    mappings.put(ChromiumDriverCommand.SET_PERMISSION,
      new CommandInfo(sessionPrefix + "/permissions", HttpMethod.POST));

    return unmodifiableMap(mappings);
  }

  public ChromiumDriverCommandExecutor(String vendorPrefix, DriverService service) {
    super(service, buildChromiumCommandMappings(vendorPrefix));
  }
}




package com.xxx.selenium;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;

import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;


public class DriverUtil {
    
    /**
     *  获取可以执行cdp命令的ChromiumDriver,可以绕过 webdriver检测
     * 1.https://intoli.com/blog/not-possible-to-block-chrome-headless/
     * 2.https://intoli.com/blog/making-chrome-headless-undetectable/
     * 3.https://github.com/chromium/chromium/blob/d7da0240cae77824d1eda25745c4022757499131/third_party/blink/renderer/core/frame/navigator.h
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
    public ChromiumDriver getChromiumDriver() {
        // 设置谷歌浏览器驱动，我放在项目的路径下，这个驱动可以帮你打开本地的谷歌浏览器
        String driverFilePath = "谷歌浏览器驱动地址";
        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(driverFilePath)){
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", driverFilePath);
        }
            

        // 设置对谷歌浏览器的初始配置 开始
        HashMap<String, Object> prefs = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
        options.setExperimentalOption("prefs", prefs);
        String[] a = { "enable-automation" };
        options.setExperimentalOption("excludeSwitches", a);
        options.addArguments("--headless");
        options.addArguments("window-size=1920,1080");

        String ua="Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36";
        options.addArguments(String.format("--user-agent=%s", ua));
        DesiredCapabilities chromeCaps = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
        chromeCaps.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, options);

        
        //执行cdp命令,修改webdriver的值为undefined
        ChromiumDriver driver = new ChromiumDriver(chromeCaps);
        HashMap<String, Object> cdpCmd = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        cdpCmd.put("source", "Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {get: () => undefined }); ");
        driver.executeCdpCommand("Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument", cdpCmd);

        return driver;
    }