一:服务器监听配置
1:启动与关闭监听进程
[oracle@oracle root]$ lsnrctl start
[oracle@oracle root]$ lsnrctl stop
2:增加新的监听器
方法一:
[root@oracle ~]# xhost +
[root@oracle ~]# su oracle
[oracle@oracle root]$ netmgr
弹出界面,在这里添加监听
方法二:
查看listener.ora文件的内容
[root@oracle ~]# vi /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
增加新的监听器
[oracle@oracle root]$vi /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
在末尾添加新的监听:
LISTENER1 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle)(PORT = 1522))
)
)
启动listener1的监听
[oracle@oracle root]$ lsnrctl start listener1
查看监听状态
[oracle@oracle root]$ lsnrctl status listener1
3:监听启动和数据库实例启动的顺序
先启动监听,再启动数据库
4:查看全局数据库名
[oracle@oracle root]$ sqlplus sys/aptech AS SYSDBA
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> select global_name from global_name;
5:查询实例名SID
[oracle@oracle root]$ sqlplus sys/oracle AS SYSDBA
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;
二:管理控制文件
系统默认有两个控制文件
1:获取控制文件信息
SQL> select name from v$controlfile;
或
SQL> select name,value from v$parameter where name='control_files';
2:查看控制文件的内容
SQL>select type,record_size,records_total,records_used from v$controlfile_record_section;
3:存储多重控制文件
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> exit
以oracle身份拷贝,不要在root下拷贝
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
[oracle@oracle orcl]$ cp control01.ctl control03.ctl
[oracle@oracle orcl]$ sqlplus sys/aptech as sysdba
SQL> startup nomount
SQL> alter system set
control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
SCOPE=SPFILE;
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup
SQL> select name from v$controlfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
4:备份和恢复控制文件
再打开一个终端(用root账户创建备份目录)
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir /opt/backup
[root@oracle ~]# chmod 777 /opt/backup
回到原终端
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to '/opt/backup/control.bkp';
注释:如果要恢复控制文件,先关闭数据库实例,在用系统命令cp将control.bak文件覆盖损坏的控制文件,再启动数据库实例。
三:管理重做日志文件
系统默认有三个重做日志文件组,每个组一个重做日志文件
1:使用v$log查看重做日志文件信息
SQL> col status for a10;
SQL> select group#,sequence#,bytes,members,archived,status from v$log;
GROUP# SEQUENCE# BYTES MEMBERS ARCHIVED STATUS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
1 1 209715200 1 NO INACTIVE
2 2 209715200 1 NO INACTIVE
3 3 209715200 1 NO CURRENT
2:使用v$logfile查看重做日志组信息
SQL> set line 120;
SQL> col member for a50;
SQL> select group#,status,type,member from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER
---------- ---------- --------------------- --------------------------------------------------
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
3:添加重做日志组,并向新的组中添加新的重做日志文件
用root账户创建备份目录,用于存放新的重做日志文件
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir -p /opt/log
[root@oracle ~]# chmod 777 /opt/log
[oracle@oracle orcl]$ sqlplus/aptech sys as sysdba
SQL> alter database add logfile group 4
('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log','/opt/log/redo05.log') size 10m;
SQL> select group#,status,type,member from v$logfile;
5:向原有的日志组添加重做日志文件
SQL> alter database add logfile member
'/opt/log/redo01b.log' to group 1,
'/opt/log/redo02b.log' to group 2;
SQL> select group#,status,type,member from v$logfile;
6:删除重做日志文件
SQL> alter database drop logfile member
'/backup/orcl/log/redo02b.log';
7:删除重做日志组
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 4;
8:强制日志切换
SQL> select group#,sequence#,bytes,members,archived,status from v$log;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> select group#,sequence#,bytes,members,archived,status from v$log;
观察当前使用的日志文件
9:强制产生检查点事件
SQL> alter system checkpoint; \将修改过的数据保存到数据库中
四:管理归档日志文件
1:配置数据库归档日志
1):查询归档方式
SQL> archive log list;
数据库日志模式 非存档模式
自动存档 禁用
存档终点 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch
最早的联机日志序列 1
当前日志序列 3
2):关闭和启动数据库到mount状态
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount
3):将数据库设置为归档模式
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> archive log list;
数据库日志模式 存档模式
自动存档 启用
存档终点 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch
最早的联机日志序列 1
下一个存档日志序列 3
当前日志序列 3
SQL> alter database open \打开数据库
2:获取归档日志信息
如果没有日志内容会显示“未选定行”
SQL> select dest_id,dest_name,status,destination from v$archive_dest where status='valid';
SQL> select dest_id,name,archived from v$archived_log;
五:数据字典
查询当前表空间:
select username,default_tablespace from user_users;
查询所有表空间:
select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces;
查询所有表空间大小:
select tablespace_name, sum(bytes)/1024 from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name;
1:静态数据字典视图
1):列举当前用户拥有的所有表的信息
SQL> select * from user_tables;
2):查询用户拥有哪些索引
SQL> select index_name from user_indexes;
3):查询用户拥有哪些视图
SQL> select view_name from user_views;
4):查询用户拥有哪些数据库对象
SQL> select object_name from user_objects;
5):查询当前用户的信息
SQL> select * from user_users;
6):查询当前用户所能访问的所有表,过程,函数等信息
SQL> select owner,object_name,object_type from all_objects;
7):查看数据字典
SQL> desc dictionary
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
COMMENTS
8):查看以USER开头的视图
SQL> select table_name from dictionary where table_name like 'USER%'; \user要大写
2:动态数据字典视图
1):查询和日志文件相关的信息
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select * from v$fixed_table where name like 'V$LOG%';
2):查看日志组状态信息
SQL> select group#,members,archived,status from v$log;
GROUP# MEMBERS ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- --- ----------------
1 2 YES INACTIVE
2 1 NO CURRENT
3 1 YES INACTIVE
3):查看重做日志文件
SQL> col member for a40
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_
---------- ------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ---
3 ONLINE /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log NO
2 ONLINE /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log NO
1 ONLINE /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log NO
1 INVALID ONLINE /backup/orcl/log/redo01b.log NO
4):查询当前正在重做日志文件的信息 L
SQL> select l.group#,l.archived,l.status,lf.type,lf.member from v$log l,v$logfile lf
where l.group# = lf.group#
and l.status = 'CURRENT';
GROUP# ARC STATUS TYPE MEMBER
---------- --- ---------------- ------- ----------------------------------------
2 NO CURRENT ONLINE /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
5):通过v$instance视图查看实例信息
SQL> col instance_name for a20
SQL> col host_name for a10
SQL> select instance_name,host_name,version,startup_time,logins from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME VERSION STARTUP_T LOGINS
-------------------- ---------- ----------------- --------- ----------
orcl oracle.ben 11.2.0.1.0 05-JUL-15 ALLOWED
et.com
6):查看当前数据库的信息
SQL> col name for a10
SQL> select name,created,log_mode from v$database;
NAME CREATED LOG_MODE
---------- --------- ------------
ORCL 11-MAR-15 ARCHIVELOG