saltstack基础篇

使用saltstack的前提是PPT      服务、流程、工具和技术

安装

rpm -Uvh http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/epel/6Server/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

yum install salt-master salt-minion -y

/etc/init.d/salt-master start

/etc/init.d/salt-minion start

[root@linux-node1 master]# grep '^[a-z]' /etc/salt/minion

master: 10.0.0.7                #master的ip

1：三种运行方式

local

master/minion

salt  ssh

2：三大功能

远程执行、配置管理、云管理

2.1:配置管理

分为三个环境，base、dev、prod

[root@linux-node1 salt]# vim /etc/salt/master

[root@linux-node1 master]# mkdir -p /srv/salt

[root@linux-node1 master]# /etc/init.d/salt-master restart
Stopping salt-master daemon:                               [确定]

Starting salt-master daemon:                                [确定]

首先创建top.sls文件：是一个入口文件

[root@linux-node1 master]# cd /srv/salt/

base:                                     #定义使用base环境

  '*':                                       #定义主机，可以使用*，也可以直接指定主机名

     - apache                           #状态文件名称，建议分目录

在/srv/salt/下面创建一个文件夹如init，把相同类型的功能的文件都放在同一个目录下面，在起下面创建一个apache.sls文件。

调用的时候使用这种方式： - init.apache  不需要加上后缀名

apache-install:                                  #ID声明，声明是干什么用的

    pkg.installed:                                 #PKG是一个软件包状态模块，installed是其中的方法

       - names:                                     #表明要装的包的名字，因为是装多个包

           - httpd

           - httpd-devel                                                  

[root@linux-node1 master]# salt '*' state.sls apache

#使用salt对所有的机器使用state这个模块下的sls方法来执行apache这个状态模块

#如果使用的分目录的方式，执行的方法是：salt '*' state.sls init.apache

实例：

[root@linux-node1 salt]# cd /srv/salt/

[root@linux-node1 salt]# mkdir init

[root@linux-node1 salt]# cd /srv/salt/
[root@linux-node1 salt]# cat top.sls

base:

  '*':

    - init.tree

[root@linux-node1 salt]# cd /srv/salt/init/
[root@linux-node1 init]# cat tree.sls
tree-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - names:
      - tree

      - cmake

[root@linux-node1 salt]# salt '*' state.sls init.tree

linux-node2.example.com:
----------
          ID: tree-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: cmake
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: cmake
     Started: 00:07:37.492640
    Duration: 44100.373 ms
     Changes:  
              ----------
              cmake:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.8.12.2-4.el6
                  old:
              libarchive:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.8.3-4.el6_2
                  old:
----------
          ID: tree-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: tree
      Result: True
     Comment: Package tree is already installed.
     Started: 00:08:21.607298
    Duration: 1.081 ms
     Changes:  
Summary
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
Failed:    0
------------

Total states run:     2

使用salt来管理文件

[root@linux-node1 files]# cat /srv/salt/top.sls

base:

  '*':

    - init.tree

    - init.limit-conf

[root@linux-node1 files]# mkdir /srv/salt/init/files

[root@linux-node1 files]# cp /etc/security/limits.conf /srv/salt/init/files/

[root@linux-node1 files]# cat /srv/salt/init/limit-conf.sls

limit-conf-config:

  file.managed:

    - name: //etc/security/limits.conf

    - source: salt://init/files/limits.conf

    - user: root

    - group: root

    - mode: 644

[root@linux-node1 files]# salt '*' state.highstate

linux-node2.example.com:

----------

          ID: tree-install

    Function: pkg.installed

        Name: cmake

      Result: True

     Comment: Package cmake is already installed.

     Started: 00:31:45.787593

    Duration: 1483.04 ms

     Changes: 

----------

          ID: tree-install

    Function: pkg.installed

        Name: tree

      Result: True

     Comment: Package tree is already installed.

     Started: 00:31:47.270901

    Duration: 0.796 ms

     Changes: 

----------

          ID: limit-conf-config

    Function: file.managed

        Name: //etc/security/limits.conf

      Result: True

     Comment: File //etc/security/limits.conf updated

     Started: 00:31:47.326445

    Duration: 21.848 ms

     Changes: 

              ----------

              diff:

                  ---

                  +++

                  @@ -39,8 +39,8 @@

                   #<domain>      <type>  <item>         <value>

                   #

                  -#*               soft    core            0

                  -#*               hard    rss             10000

                  +*               soft    core            0

                  +*               hard    rss             10000

                   #@student        hard    nproc           20

                   #@faculty        soft    nproc           20

                   #@faculty        hard    nproc           50

Summary

------------

Succeeded: 3 (changed=1)

Failed:    0

------------

Total states run:     3

2.1:远程控制

[root@linux-node1 master]#salt '*' cmd.run 'df -h'

grains

收集信息

匹配minion

[root@linux-node1 master]# salt '*' grains.get os

[root@linux-node1 master]# salt '*' grains.ls

[root@linux-node1 master]# salt '*' grains.items

[root@linux-node1 master]# salt '*' grains.get fqdn

[root@linux-node1 master]# salt '*' grains.get ip_interfaces:eth0

[root@linux-node1 master]#salt '*' grains.get os

[root@linux-node1 master]# salt -G os:CentOS cmd.run 'uptime'

vim /etc/salt/minion

/etc/init.d/salt-minion restart

salt -G 'roles:memcache' cmd.run 'echo hehe'

vim /etc/salt/grains

web: nginx

/etc/init.d/salt-minion restart

[root@linux-node1 salt]# vim /srv/salt/top.sls

pillar

给minion指定它想要的数据，在master端来进行操作

vim /etc/salt/master

[root@linux-node1 salt]# mkdir /srv/pillar

[root@linux-node1 salt]# /etc/init.d/salt-master restart
Stopping salt-master daemon:                               [确定]

Starting salt-master daemon:                                [确定]

[root@linux-node1 salt]# cd /srv/pillar/

[root@linux-node1 pillar]# vim apache.sls

[root@linux-node1 pillar]# salt '*' pillar.items
linux-node2.example.com:
    ----------
    apache:
        httpd
linux-node1.example.com:
    ----------
    apache:

        httpd

[root@linux-node1 pillar]# salt -I 'apache:httpd' test.ping
linux-node1.example.com:
    Minion did not return. [No response]
linux-node2.example.com:

    Minion did not return. [No response]

[root@linux-node1 pillar]# salt '*' saltutil.refresh_pillar   #刷新一下pillar

linux-node2.example.com:
    True
linux-node1.example.com:
    True
[root@linux-node1 pillar]# salt -I 'apache:httpd' test.ping
linux-node2.example.com:
    True
linux-node1.example.com:

    True

salt  目标   模块   返回

目标的匹配

通配符

https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/targeting/globbing.html#targeting-glob

salt '*..example.com ' test.ping

salt '*.example.*' test.ping

salt 'web?.example.net' test.ping

salt 'web[1-5]' test.ping

salt 'web[1,3]' test.ping

salt 'web-[x-z]' test.ping

主机名命名例子：nginx-node01.web.idc01.oldboy.com

正则表达式

salt -E 'salt -E 'linux-node(1|2).example.com' test.ping

在top.sls中这写

base:

'linux-node(1|2).example.com':

- match: pcre

- webserver

list列表

salt -L 'linux-node(1|2).example.com' test.ping

IP地址（SUBNET/IP ADDRESS MATCHING）

https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/targeting/ipcidr.html

salt -S 192.168.40.20 test.ping
salt -S 10.0.0.0/24 test.ping

NODE GROUPS

https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/targeting/nodegroups.html

grains

https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/targeting/grains.html

pillar

https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/targeting/pillar.html

模块

服务的模块

https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/modules/all/salt.modules.service.html#module-salt.modules.service

salt '*' service.available sshd

salt '*' service.get_all

salt '*' service.reload <service name>

salt '*' service.restart <service name>

salt '*' service.start <service name>

salt '*' service.status <service name> [service signature]

salt '*' service.stop <service name>

网络的模块

https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/modules/all/salt.modules.network.html

磁盘的模块（salt.modules.disk）

http://docs.saltstack.cn/zh_CN/latest/ref/modules/all/salt.modules.disk.html?highlight=disk#module-salt.modules.disk

salt '*' network.active_tcp

salt '*' network.arp

salt '*' network.connect archlinux.org 80

salt '*' network.connect archlinux.org 80 timeout=3

salt '*' network.connect archlinux.org 80 timeout=3 family=ipv4

salt '*' network.connect google-public-dns-a.google.com port=53 proto=udp timeout=3

salt '*' network.default_route

salt '*' network.dig archlinux.org

salt '*' network.getbufsize                                         #Return network buffer sizes as a dict

salt '*' network.get_hostname

salt '*' network.hw_addr eth0

salt '*' network.in_subnet 10.0.0.0/16

salt '*' network.interface eth0

salt '*' network.interface_ip eth0

salt '*' network.interfaces

salt '*' network.mod_hostname master.saltstack.com                   #Modify hostname

ACL认证

https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/clientacl.html

[root@linux-node1 pillar]# vim /etc/salt/master

[root@linux-node1 ~]# chown -R oldboy.oldboy /var/log/salt/master
[root@linux-node1 ~]# su - oldboy
[oldboy@linux-node1 ~]$ salt '*' test.ping
linux-node2.example.com:
    True
linux-node1.example.com:

    True

返回

返回到数据库

这个数据库可以安装在任意的一台机器上，

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim yum -y install mysql-server

在所有的minion端都要安装，因为是从客户端返回数据的

yum -y install  MySQL-python

http://docs.saltstack.cn/zh_CN/latest/ref/returners/all/salt.returners.mysql.html?highlight=return

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/master 

master_job_cache: mysql
mysql.host: '10.0.0.7'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'

mysql.port: 3306

在mysql数据库中进行操作：

CREATE DATABASE  `salt`
  DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
  DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
USE `salt`;
--
-- Table structure for table `jids`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jids`;
CREATE TABLE `jids` (
  `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
  UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
--
-- Table structure for table `salt_returns`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_returns`;
CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
  `fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
  `id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
  `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  KEY `id` (`id`),
  KEY `jid` (`jid`),
  KEY `fun` (`fun`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
--
-- Table structure for table `salt_events`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_events`;
CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
`id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`data` varchar(1024) NOT NULL,
`alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `tag` (`tag`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

--

grant all on salt.* to salt@'%' identified by 'salt';

[root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/salt-master restart

接下来执行命令，查看记录在数据库中

mysql> use salt;

mysql> select * from salt_returns;

配置管理

可以在/etc/salt/master中看top.sls的信息，默认是在base环境下的。

[root@linux-node1 salt]# vim /etc/salt/master

file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  test:
    - /srv/salt/test
  prod:

    - /srv/salt/prod

[root@linux-node1 salt]# /etc/init.d/salt-master restart
Stopping salt-master daemon:                               [确定]
Starting salt-master daemon:                               [确定]
[root@linux-node1 salt]# mkdir /srv/salt/base
[root@linux-node1 salt]# mkdir /srv/salt/test

[root@linux-node1 salt]# mkdir /srv/salt/prod

[root@linux-node1 salt]# ll /srv/salt/
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 11月  7 10:14 base
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 11月  7 10:13 prod
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 11月  7 10:13 test
[root@linux-node1 salt]# tree
.
├── base
│   ├── apache.sls
│   └── top.sls
├── prod

└── test