• python 可视化 散点图。柱状图、等高线


    matplolib.org可查到更多画图方法等

    散点图

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    
    
    #n个点
    n = 1024
    #平均值是0,方差是1
    X = np.random.normal(0,1,n)
    Y = np.random.normal(0,1,n)
    #确定颜色
    T = np.arctan2(Y,X)
    
    plt.scatter(X,Y,s=75,c=T,alpha=0.5)
    #plt.scatter(np.arange(5),np.arange(5))
    
    
    plt.xlim(-1.5,1.5)
    plt.ylim(-1.5,1.5)
    
    #隐藏所有的ticks
    plt.xticks(())
    plt.yticks(())
    
    
    plt.show()

     

    柱状图:

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    
    #12个柱状图
    n=12
    X = np.arange(n)#x会生成0到11
    Y1 = (1-X/float(n))*np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)#随机随机生成0.5到1的数
    Y2 = (1-X/float(n))*np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)
    
    plt.bar(X,+Y1,facecolor='#9999ff',edgecolor='white')
    plt.bar(X,-Y2,facecolor='#ff9999',edgecolor='white')
    
    
    #zip是把X,Y1中的值分别给x和y
    #plt.text(x位置,y位置,值)
    for x,y in zip(X,Y1):
        #ha:horizontal alignment对齐方式
        plt.text(x,y+0.05,'%.2f' % y,ha='center',va='bottom')
        
    for x,y in zip(X,Y2):
        #ha:horizontal alignment对齐方式
        plt.text(x,-y-0.05,'-%.2f' % y,ha='center',va='top')
     
    plt.xlim(-.5,n)
    plt.xticks(())
    plt.ylim(-1.25,1.25)
    plt.yticks(())
    plt.show()

     

    等高线

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    
    #通过x,y计算高度
    def f(x,y):
        return (1-x/2+x**5+y**3)*np.exp(-x**2-y**2)
    
    
    n=256
    x=np.linspace(-3,3,n)
    y=np.linspace(-3,3,n)
    
    #把x,y绑定成网格的输入值
    X,Y = np.meshgrid(x,y)
    
    # use plt.contourf to filling contours
    #X,Y and value for (X,Y) point
    #contour为网格
    #8代表分成10部分
    #0分成2部分
    #plt.cm.cool为冷色调,plt.cm.hot为暖色调,plt.cm.Spectral,plt.cm.hsv,plt.cm.ocean
    plt.contourf(X,Y,f(X,Y),8,alpha=0.75,cmap=plt.cm.hsv)#画上颜色
    
    #use plt.contour to add contounlines
    #画线,contour为等高线的线
    C = plt.contour(X,Y,f(X,Y),8,colors='black',linwidth=.5)
    
    #adding label
    plt.clabel(C,inline=True,fontsize=10)
    
     
    plt.xticks(())
    plt.yticks(())
    plt.show()

     

    图像

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    
    #image data
    a = np.array([4.11360827978,3.365348418405,2.423766120134,
                  3.365248418405,2.39599930621,1.525083754405,
                  2.423733120134,1.525083754405,0.651536351379]).reshape(3,3)
    
    
    plt.imshow(a,interpolation='nearest',cmap='bone',origin='upper')
    plt.colorbar(shrink=0.9)#shrink压缩,0.9压缩90%
    
    plt.xticks(())
    plt.yticks(())
    plt.show()

     

    本知识学于 莫烦python

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/caiyishuai/p/13270898.html
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