如何让ffmpeg+ nginx_http_flv(flv,hls,rtmp)这套组合支持H265(HEVC)

如何让ffmpeg-flv支持H265(HEVC)

目录

• 背景
• 参考网址
• 具体操作
  • 1.下载代码：
  • 2.修改ffmpeg
  • 3.修改nginx-http-flv-module
  • 4.nginx-http-flv测试结果
    • rtmp
    • flv
    • hls

背景

Adobe不支持flash了,rtmp之前是为flash设计的,所以协议也不更新了作为FLV相关技术的所有者，Adobe估计也没动力更新规范来支持H265;

外加H265标准的一些专利所有者的授权方案被指抢钱，更加打击了很多软件厂商的积极性。

但我们这些升斗小民对h265和rtmp、flv还有需求，只能自己动手解决这个问题了。

参考网址

https://blog.csdn.net/smallhujiu/article/details/81703434
https://github.com/ensonz/nginx-http-flv-module/
https://blog.csdn.net/ybn187/article/details/88351874

还有下面这个，就不用看了,虽然他是原作者,但没写解决方案
https://blog.csdn.net/winshining/article/details/101225551

具体操作

1.下载代码：

git clone https://gitee.com/mirrors/ffmpeg.git

2.修改ffmpeg

[root@lh ffmpeg]# git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
#	modified:   libavformat/flv.h
#	modified:   libavformat/flvdec.c
#	modified:   libavformat/flvenc.c
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
[root@lh ffmpeg]# git diff
diff --git a/libavformat/flv.h b/libavformat/flv.h
index 3571b90..e776555 100644
--- a/libavformat/flv.h
+++ b/libavformat/flv.h
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ enum {
     FLV_CODECID_H264    = 7,
     FLV_CODECID_REALH263= 8,
     FLV_CODECID_MPEG4   = 9,
+    FLV_CODECID_HEVC   = 12,
 };
 
 enum {
diff --git a/libavformat/flvdec.c b/libavformat/flvdec.c
index e4b40a1..da5555f 100644
--- a/libavformat/flvdec.c
+++ b/libavformat/flvdec.c
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include "internal.h"
 #include "avio_internal.h"
 #include "flv.h"
+#include "hevc.h"
 
 #define VALIDATE_INDEX_TS_THRESH 2500
 
@@ -320,6 +321,8 @@ static int flv_same_video_codec(AVCodecParameters *vpar, int flags)
         return vpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_VP6A;
     case FLV_CODECID_H264:
         return vpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264;
+    case FLV_CODECID_HEVC:
+        return vpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC;
     default:
         return vpar->codec_tag == flv_codecid;
     }
@@ -369,6 +372,11 @@ static int flv_set_video_codec(AVFormatContext *s, AVStream *vstream,
         par->codec_id = AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4;
         ret = 3;
         break;
+    case FLV_CODECID_HEVC:
+        par->codec_id = AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC;
+        vstream->need_parsing = AVSTREAM_PARSE_NONE;
+        ret = 3;     // not 4, reading packet type will consume one byte
+        break;
     default:
         avpriv_request_sample(s, "Video codec (%x)", flv_codecid);
         par->codec_tag = flv_codecid;
@@ -1239,7 +1247,8 @@ retry_duration:
 
     if (st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AAC ||
         st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264 ||
-        st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4) {
+        st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4 ||
+        st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC) {
         int type = avio_r8(s->pb);
         size--;
 
@@ -1248,7 +1257,9 @@ retry_duration:
             goto leave;
         }
 
-        if (st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264 || st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4) {
+        if (st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264 || 
+           st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4 ||
+           st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC) {
             // sign extension
             int32_t cts = (avio_rb24(s->pb) + 0xff800000) ^ 0xff800000;
             pts = av_sat_add64(dts, cts);
@@ -1264,7 +1275,7 @@ retry_duration:
             }
         }
         if (type == 0 && (!st->codecpar->extradata || st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AAC ||
-            st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264)) {
+            st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264 || st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC )) {
             AVDictionaryEntry *t;
 
             if (st->codecpar->extradata) {
diff --git a/libavformat/flvenc.c b/libavformat/flvenc.c
index 35bf7ac..06d3254 100644
--- a/libavformat/flvenc.c
+++ b/libavformat/flvenc.c
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "libavutil/opt.h"
 #include "libavcodec/put_bits.h"
 #include "libavcodec/aacenctab.h"
+#include "hevc.h"
 
 
 static const AVCodecTag flv_video_codec_ids[] = {
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ static const AVCodecTag flv_video_codec_ids[] = {
     { AV_CODEC_ID_VP6,      FLV_CODECID_VP6 },
     { AV_CODEC_ID_VP6A,     FLV_CODECID_VP6A },
     { AV_CODEC_ID_H264,     FLV_CODECID_H264 },
+    { AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC,     FLV_CODECID_HEVC },
     { AV_CODEC_ID_NONE,     0 }
 };
 
@@ -491,7 +493,7 @@ static void flv_write_codec_header(AVFormatContext* s, AVCodecParameters* par, i
     FLVContext *flv = s->priv_data;
 
     if (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AAC || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264
-            || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4) {
+            || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4 || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC) {
         int64_t pos;
         avio_w8(pb,
                 par->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO ?
@@ -537,7 +539,11 @@ static void flv_write_codec_header(AVFormatContext* s, AVCodecParameters* par, i
             avio_w8(pb, par->codec_tag | FLV_FRAME_KEY); // flags
             avio_w8(pb, 0); // AVC sequence header
             avio_wb24(pb, 0); // composition time
-            ff_isom_write_avcc(pb, par->extradata, par->extradata_size);
+            if (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC) {
+                ff_isom_write_hvcc(pb, par->extradata, par->extradata_size, 0);
+            } else {
+                ff_isom_write_avcc(pb, par->extradata, par->extradata_size);
+            }
         }
         data_size = avio_tell(pb) - pos;
         avio_seek(pb, -data_size - 10, SEEK_CUR);
@@ -844,7 +850,7 @@ end:
             AVCodecParameters *par = s->streams[i]->codecpar;
             FLVStreamContext *sc = s->streams[i]->priv_data;
             if (par->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO &&
-                    (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264 || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4))
+                    (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264 || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4 || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC))
                 put_avc_eos_tag(pb, sc->last_ts);
         }
     }
@@ -893,15 +899,36 @@ static int flv_write_packet(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
     }
 
     if (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_VP6F || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_VP6A ||
-        par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_VP6  || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AAC)
+        par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_VP6  || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AAC){
         flags_size = 2;
-    else if (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264 || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4)
+    } else if (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264 || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4 || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC) {
         flags_size = 5;
-    else
+    } else {
         flags_size = 1;
+    }
 
+    /***** 
+    //这里要注意了,注释掉的这段代码，James-0那篇博客上说是为了解决"服务端Nginx并没有添加HEVC下重发flv的header头部"的问题,
+    //但是如果把下面的if代码段换成这一段,用h264对接nginx-http-flv时，虽然用vlc可以播放出来，但用flv.js根本就无法播放出来，这条路不通，不建议大家用
+    //至于nginx怎么改的问题,下文会说。
+    if (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AAC || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264
+            || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4 || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC) {
+        int side_size = 0;
+        uint8_t *side = av_packet_get_side_data(pkt, AV_PKT_DATA_NEW_EXTRADATA, &side_size);
+        if (side && side_size > 0 && (side_size != par->extradata_size || memcmp(side, par->extradata, side_size))) {
+            av_free(par->extradata);
+            par->extradata = av_mallocz(side_size + AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);
+            if (!par->extradata) {
+                par->extradata_size = 0;
+                return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+            }
+            memcpy(par->extradata, side, side_size);
+            par->extradata_size = side_size;
+            flv_write_codec_header(s, par, pkt->dts);
+        } else {
+            flv_write_codec_header(s, par, pkt->dts);
+        }
+    }
+    ****/
     if (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AAC || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264
-            || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4) {
+            || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4 || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC) {
         buffer_size_t side_size;
         uint8_t *side = av_packet_get_side_data(pkt, AV_PKT_DATA_NEW_EXTRADATA, &side_size);
         if (side && side_size > 0 && (side_size != par->extradata_size || memcmp(side, par->extradata, side_size))) {
@@ -966,6 +993,10 @@ static int flv_write_packet(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
         if (par->extradata_size > 0 && *(uint8_t*)par->extradata != 1)
             if ((ret = ff_avc_parse_nal_units_buf(pkt->data, &data, &size)) < 0)
                 return ret;
+    } else if (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC) {
+        if (par->extradata_size > 0 && *(uint8_t*)par->extradata != 1)
+            if ((ret = ff_hevc_annexb2mp4_buf(pkt->data, &data, &size, 0, NULL)) < 0)
+                return ret;
     } else if (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AAC && pkt->size > 2 &&
                (AV_RB16(pkt->data) & 0xfff0) == 0xfff0) {
         if (!s->streams[pkt->stream_index]->nb_frames) {
@@ -1036,9 +1067,9 @@ static int flv_write_packet(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
             else
                 avio_w8(pb, ((FFALIGN(par->width,  16) - par->width) << 4) |
                              (FFALIGN(par->height, 16) - par->height));
-        } else if (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AAC)
+        } else if (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AAC) {
             avio_w8(pb, 1); // AAC raw
-        else if (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264 || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4) {
+        } else if (par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264 || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4 || par->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC) {
             avio_w8(pb, 1); // AVC NALU
             avio_wb24(pb, pkt->pts - pkt->dts);
         }
[root@lh ffmpeg]# 

至此ffmpeg的修改算是完成了，实际测试过程中发现确实有效。
(1)将h265的码流用flv封装，然后再把封装好的视频转回mpegts完全可以正常播放。
(2)使用ffmpeg直接推流到nginx-http-flv，然后再从rtmp串流中转回mpegts也完全可以正常播放，没有问题。

3.修改nginx-http-flv-module

同样的nginx-http-flv-module也需要修改代码
修改后的参见：https://github.com/ensonz/nginx-http-flv-module/
我对比了一下，实际上ensonz只改了下面的两个文件:
ngx_rtmp_codec_module.c
ngx_rtmp_codec_module.h
这两个文件我已经压缩放在这里了：https://files.cnblogs.com/files/bugutian/ngx_rtmp_codec_module.zip

4.nginx-http-flv测试结果

按照以上述方法改动之后，我自测试的结果如下：

rtmp

输出的rtmp流是h265编码的，使用修改后的ffmpeg将rtmp重新转换成mpegts后可以使用vlc播放；

flv

输出的flv流是h265编码的, 使用修改后的ffmpeg将rtmp重新转换成mpegts后可以使用vlc播放，但flv.js无法播放;

hls

不能生成文件,无法使用。
把代码中NGX_RTMP_VIDEO_H264的部分放宽对NGX_RTMP_VIDEO_H265的限制,也只能保证hls可以生成文件，但是m3u8串流里面找不到frame,不可用。

最后衷心感谢对nginx-http-flv、ffmpeg开源项目做出贡献的开发者。