在SpringBoot项目里,要编写单元测试用例,需要依赖4个jar。一个是最基本的JUnit,然后是spring-test和spring-boot-test。
<!--test--> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId> <version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
如果在运行testcase时,遇到如下问题,那么,原因是因为没有引入spring-core包(错误消息里说的很明白了,见其中的springframework/core)
java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata.introspect(Ljava/lang/Class;)Lorg/springframework/core/type/AnnotationMetadata; at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition.<init>(AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition.java:58) at org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader.doRegisterBean(AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader.java:253) at org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader.registerBean(AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader.java:147) at org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader.register(AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader.java:137) at org.springframework.boot.BeanDefinitionLoader.load(BeanDefinitionLoader.java:156) at org.springframework.boot.BeanDefinitionLoader.load(BeanDefinitionLoader.java:135) at org.springframework.boot.BeanDefinitionLoader.load(BeanDefinitionLoader.java:127) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.load(SpringApplication.java:687) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.prepareContext(SpringApplication.java:385) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:311) at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:120) at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99) at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117) at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108) at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190) at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190) at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
依赖spring-core包:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
如下是一个testcase示例。其中
@RunWith是JUnit的一个运行器。@RunWith(JUnit4.class)就是指用JUnit4来运行;@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class),让测试运行于Spring测试环境
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Reference; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class CarSignatureServiceTest { @Reference(url = "dubbo://localhost:20880") private CarSignatureService carSignatureService; @Test public void getSignedCarList(){ List<ServiceOrderVO> list = carSignatureService.getSignedCarList(new ServiceOrderVO()); System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(list)); } }